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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome has recently been detected in various non-B cell neoplasms, including various T-cell leukemias and in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease, but the contribution of EBV genes to the transformed phenotype remains unclear. We have investigated the possible effect which the EBV genes LMP1 and EBNA2, of which the expression has been reported in non-B cell neoplasms, may have on a variety of cell types. The LMP1 and EBNA2 genes were transiently expressed from heterologous promoters in two human T-cell lines (HPB-ALL and Jurkat), two human cell lines of the myeloid lineage (K562 and U937), one type I Burkitt's lymphoma cell line (Rael) and in human primary T cells and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. The cell surface expression of CD23, CD21, ICAM-1 and LFA-1 was monitored on transfected cells. In the cell lines, except U937, the surface antigens CD21 and ICAM-1 were upregulated in a dose-dependent and transient manner by the transient expression of LMP1, and EBNA2 slightly enhanced the effects of LMP1 on CD23 and CD21 upregulation. LMP1 also induced increased CD21, ICAM-1 and LFA-1 surface expression on transfected primary T-cells, and CD21 and ICAM-1 in four of five B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias tested. Finally, LMP1 transient expression caused increased cell size of the primary T cells and responding B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Our results strongly suggest that LMP1 can trigger specific responses in a variety of white cell types and thus is probably contributing to the phenotype of EBV-positive tumor cells not only in the B-cell lineage.
Leukemia 1993 Jan
PMID:Transient expression of the Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 gene in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, T cells, and hematopoietic cell lines: cell-type-independent-induction of CD23, CD21, and ICAM-1. 809 69

Recently, a human eosinophilic leukemia cell line, EoL was established from an eosinophilic leukemia patient. EoL-1 cells have the cytohistologic features of myeloblasts under normal culture conditions, and they can be induced to differentiate into eosinophilic granule-containing cells but not into other lineage cells under several culture conditions and are therefore considered to be committed precursors of eosinophils. Furthermore, EoL-1 cells can also be induced to differentiate functionally to show PAF-induced Ca2+ influx and actin polymerization. On the other hand, EoL-3 cells show constitutive expression of Fc epsilon RII, Fc gamma RII, LFA-1 and ICAM-1 on their cell surface. The EoL cells may provide new information on some aspects of the signal transduction mechanisms involved in the proliferation, differentiation and activation of eosinophils.
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PMID:[Review: recent studies on a human eosinophilic leukemia cell line, EoL as an experimental model of eosinophils]. 809 79

The cell line described here was established for a 50-year-old male patient with rapidly progressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma whose marrow was diffusely infiltrated with large granular lymphocytes (LGL). Immunophenotyping of marrow blasts and peripheral lymphocytes was positive for CD56, CD2 and CD7, and negative for CD3. Cytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells at an effector: target (E:T) cell ratio of 50:1 was 79% against K562 cells and 48% against Daudi cells. To establish the line, cells from the peripheral blood were placed into enriched alpha medium containing 12.5% fetal calf serum, 12.5% horse serum, 10(-4) M beta-mercaptoethanol and 10(-6) M hydrocortisone. Growth of the line (termed NK-92) is dependent on the presence of recombinant IL-2 and a dose as low as 10 U/ml is sufficient to maintain proliferation. Conversely, cells die within 72 h when deprived of IL-2; IL-7 and IL-12 do not maintain long-term growth, although IL-7 induces short-term proliferation measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. None of the other cytokines tested (IL-1 alpha, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma) supported growth of NK-92 cells which have the following characteristics: surface marker positive for CD2, CD7, CD11a, CD28, CD45, CD54, CD56bright; surface marker negative for CD1, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8, CD10, CD14, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD23, CD34, HLA-DR. DNA analysis showed germline configuration for T-cell receptor beta and gamma genes. CD25 (p55 IL-2 receptor) is expressed on about 50% of all cells when tested at 100 U/ml of IL-2 and its expression correlates inversely with the IL-2 concentration. The p75 IL-2 receptor is expressed on about half of the cells at low density irrespective of the IL-2 concentration. NK-92 cells kill both K562 and Daudi cells very effectively in a 4 h51-chromium release assay (84 and 86% respectively, at an E:T cell ratio of 5:1). The cell line described here thus displays characteristics of activated NK-cells and could be a valuable tool to study their biology.
Leukemia 1994 Apr
PMID:Characterization of a human cell line (NK-92) with phenotypical and functional characteristics of activated natural killer cells. 815 60

Surface phenotypes and adhesion activity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were studied using leukemic cells from 12 Japanese patients with B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemias including 7 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 1 with prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), 2 with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and 2 with HCL variant (HCL-V). CD13 and CD23 were found to be characteristically positive in CLL, whereas they were not expressed in non-CLL cases except for positivity of CD23 in two such cases. Except for CD11b, all other leukocyte integrins examined (CD11a, CD11c and CD18) and their ligand (CD54) were highly expressed in non-CLL cases. Adhesion activity of leukemic cells to HUVECs after co-culture with HUVECs was well correlated with the expression of CD11b, CD18 and CD54, but showed no predilection for any leukemia subtype. Positivity for CD5, CD21, CD23 and CD13 changed after the co-culture with HUVEC. These results suggest that adhesion activity after co-culture. does not correlate with the leukemia subtype and that endothelial cells activate or differentiate leukemic cells.
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PMID:Surface phenotype and adhesion activity of B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemias. 822 Jan 19

A mouse monoclonal IgG1 antibody, referred to as NI-58, has been produced. In immunofluorescence assay, this antibody reacted with myelomonocytes, EBV-B cells, Burkitt's lymphoma cells, T cell leukemia cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but not with erythroid cells. The surface antigen on U937 cells recognized by NI-58 had a molecular size of 65 kDa as determined by immunoblotting analysis. As a biological function, NI-58 strongly inhibited the homotypic cell adhesion of LPS-stimulated U937 cells. It was found that the antigen defined by NI-58 was distinct from CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) in it's pattern of cellular expression and molecular weight, suggesting that NI-58 recognizes a new adhesion molecule and inhibits the homotypic cell adhesion of LPS-stimulated U937 cells.
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PMID:[Establishment of monoclonal antibody NI-58 which inhibits homotypic cell adhesion of LPS-stimulated U937 cells]. 831 9

Adhesion protein expression by acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells may affect bone marrow stromal localization and determine exposure of leukaemic cells to stromal derived myeloid growth factors. We have analysed the surface expression by myeloid leukaemic cells of proteins with known adhesive function and the ability of AML cells to adhere to bone marrow fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and laminin. Cells from all six patients tested adhered to bone marrow fibroblast monolayers (mean binding 28.8 +/- 12.8%) and to purified fibronectin in five cases studied (mean binding 33.8 +/- 15.3%). Cells from four patients with AML also adhered to laminin (mean binding 20.9 +/- 4.0%). AML cells from the majority of patients with leukaemia at diagnosis or relapse expressed the ligand pair LFA-1 and ICAM-1, the CD2 ligand LFA-3, alpha and beta chains of the integrins VLA-4, VLA-5 and VLA-6, and the hyaluronate receptor CD44. Antibodies to CD11a, CD18, VLA-4 alpha, and VLA-5 alpha failed to inhibit binding of AML cells to bone marrow fibroblasts but anti-VLA-5 alpha antibodies inhibited AML cell binding to fibronectin by approximately 50%. The ability of AML cells to adhere to bone marrow fibroblasts and extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin and laminin may to help explain the capacity of AML cells to persist in the marrow during periods of apparent complete remission and to subsequently proliferate under the influence of locally secreted myeloid growth factors.
Leukemia 1993 Aug
PMID:Human acute myeloid leukaemia cells express adhesion proteins and bind to bone marrow fibroblast monolayers and extracellular matrix proteins. 835 Jun 18

We have investigated the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (D3) and/or transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta on one monocytic (U-937) and two human promyelocytic (HL-60 and AML-193) leukemic cell lines. D3 addition induces a partial monocytic maturation of the cell lines, whereas TGF-beta treatment is largely ineffective. Combined treatment with TGF-beta and D3 causes terminal monocytic maturation, as evaluated both by assessment of a large spectrum of membrane Ag and by functional assays. Furthermore, sequential addition of the two inducers showed that pretreatment with TGF-beta 1 followed by incubation with D3, but not vice versa, induces monocytic maturation as effectively as simultaneous treatment with both agents. In liquid culture the proliferative activity of these cell lines is slightly decreased by D3 and virtually unaffected by TGF-beta, whereas combined treatment with D3 and TGF-beta induces a markedly potentiated inhibitory effect. Furthermore, TGF-beta/D3 treatment (but not D3 alone) elicits the expression of membrane CD14, FcRI, FcRII, CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, ICAM-1, and PECAM-1 Ag at a level comparable to that observed on normal human monocytes. It is noteworthy that several of these Ag play an important role in monocyte physiology (e.g., CD14 Ag mediates the binding of bacterial LPS to monocytes). Treatment with both TGF-beta and D3 (but not D3 alone) induces superoxide anions and H2O2 production similar to that of circulating monocytes. In semisolid culture, D3 and TGF-beta alone cause, respectively, a marked and slight loss of cloning efficiency of the cell lines, whereas their combined addition synergistically results in a complete loss of the cloning capacity. These findings suggest a physiologic role for TGF-beta in monocyte maturation. Furthermore, they may pave the way to the design of clinical protocols combining D3 and TGF-beta in the differentiation therapy of acute promyelocytic/myelomonocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Transforming growth factor-beta potentiates vitamin D3-induced terminal monocytic differentiation of human leukemic cell lines. 838 19

Serum concentrations of E-selectin (CD62E), P-selectin (CD62P), ICAM-1 (CD54) and interleukin 6 were investigated in acute leukaemia patients with chemotherapy-induced leucopenia and complicating bacterial infections. Serum concentrations of both E-selectin and P-selectin were decreased in the leucopenic patients without infections when compared with levels before chemotherapy; and serum concentrations of both E-selectin and P-selectin showed a further decrease during complicating bacterial infections. In contrast to the leukaemia patients, previously healthy individuals with meningococcal disease showed markedly elevated serum concentrations of E-selectin and normal levels of P-selectin during infection. Serum concentrations of ICAM-1 and interleukin 6 increased during bacterial infections in the acute leukaemia patients with chemotherapy-induced leucopenia. The alterations in serum concentrations of soluble adhesion molecules and interleukin 6 reversed when clinical signs of bacterial infections resolved during antibiotic therapy. Our results demonstrate that acute leukaemia patients with chemotherapy-induced cytopenia show altered levels of both soluble adhesion molecules and interleukin 6 during complicating bacterial infections.
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PMID:Serum concentrations of E-selectin, P-selectin, ICAM-1 and interleukin 6 in acute leukaemia patients with chemotherapy-induced leucopenia and bacterial infections. 854 81

The serum levels of soluble ICAM-1 (CD54) were significantly elevated in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL, n=127) and hairy cell leukaemia (HCL, n=15) compared with healthy controls (n=31). In high-grade malignant NHL (n=79) the sICAM-1 levels correlated with the tumour mass as reflected in the Ann Arbor staging system but not with bulky disease. Further, the sICAM-1 levels correlated with disease activity as reflected by the presence of B symptoms and with other known prognostic markers. In particular serum thymidine kinase (sTK). In patients with low-grade malignant NHL (n=48) a trend towards higher serum levels of sICAM-1 was found in patients with advanced stage and B symptoms. In both low and high-grade malignant NHL, elevated levels of sICAM-1 were associated with poorer overall and disease-free survival. The present results indicated that sICAM-1 levels have a prognostic power equal to that of other serum markers claimed to be of prognostic value in NHL, namely serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), beta-2-microglobulin (beta2m), serum thymidine kinase (sTK), albumin and orosomucoid. The cellular origin and the possible interactions between soluble and surface ICAM-1 and its ligands needs further exploration.
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PMID:Elevated serum levels of soluble ICAM-1 in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas correlate with tumour burden, disease activity and other prognostic markers. 879 Jan 63

The spread of leukemia extends from mobilization of leukemic blast cells from the bone marrow to extramedullary tissue infiltration. Migration of leukemic blasts resembles that of neutrophils and may be regulated by activated endothelial cells via endothelial adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules may therefore indicate interaction between leukemic blasts and endothelium, and may be related to leukemic cell mass or subtype of leukemia. In this study, plasma levels of soluble E-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were analyzed in 40 untreated patients with acute leukemia (35 ANLL, five ALL). Plasma concentrations of all three receptors were significantly elevated when compared to healthy controls (P = 0.006, P = 0.0001, and P = 0.0001, respectively) but demonstrated high interindividual variations among leukemic patients. sE-selectin but not sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels correlated with peripheral leukocyte and blast cell counts. Increased levels of either sE-selctin or sVCAM-1 were present in 32 out 40 leukemic patients (80%). FAB subgroups differed in levels of sVCAM-1. The highest levels were measured in acute myelomonocytic and lymphoblastic leukemia, ie in leukemia subtypes with a high incidence of extramedullary blast cell infiltration.
Leukemia 1996 Apr
PMID:Levels of circulating endothelial adhesion molecules (sE-selectin and sVCAM-1) in adult patients with acute leukemia. 861 47


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