Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this study, the intensity of exposure to asbestos was evaluated in the residents of Kure City, the site of the Japanese naval shipyard, Kure. The number of asbestos bodies was counted in 728 autopsied cases from those treated surgically in Kure Kyosai Hospital. Five grams of lung tissue was lysed, and the number of asbestos bodies was counted with the use of light microscopic examination. By this method, the number of asbestos bodies detected in men was significantly higher than that in women. There was a peak between 60 and 70 years of age. The number of asbestos bodies in exposed cadavers in Kure City exceeded greatly that found in other districts of Japan. By this criterion, 58 of 109 patients with lung cancer had asbestos exposure, and 39 had a high exposure to asbestos. All 13 patients with malignant mesothelioma had a high exposure to asbestos. Excess asbestos exposure also was found in a large proportion of patients with gastric cancer, colon cancer, and acute leukemia. The crocidolite type of asbestos was detected frequently in patients of malignant mesothelioma or leukemia, and the chrysotile form was found in those with lung cancer.
 ...
PMID:Intensity of exposure to asbestos in metropolitan Kure City as estimated by autopsied cases. 156 84

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were generated by immunizing mice with the mesothelioma cell line SPC111 and selected by indirect immunofluorescence on viable cells. Indirect immunofluorescence staining and radioimmunoassays demonstrated selective binding of the antibodies ME1 and ME2 with the surface membrane of mesothelioma, but not with lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Lung small-cell carcinoma cell lines were unreactive, while staining was seen in a proportion of lung squamous-cell carcinoma cell lines. The antibodies were unreactive with other cell lines, including breast, colon, ovarian, and renal-cell carcinoma, leukemia, and lung fibroblast. The antibodies stained normal mesothelial cells, but were unreactive with normal bronchial epithelial cells in primary cultures, or peripheral blood cells. Immunohistochemical staining of cryostat sections of tumor tissues confirmed the ability of the antibodies to distinguish between mesothelioma and lung adenocarcinoma. All 12 mesothelioma tissues, but none of 9 lung adenocarcinomas or large-cell carcinomas, stained with the MAbs. Staining of malignant mesothelioma tissues was very homogeneous. Some lung squamous-cell carcinomas and breast carcinomas were stained focally by both, and some ovarian carcinomas by one antibody. Solid-phase radioimmunoassays demonstrated antigen sensitivity to chymotrypsin digestion and binding competition between the antibodies. The antibodies ME1 and ME2 identify a surface membrane antigen with preferential expression on normal and malignant mesothelial cells. They distinguish malignant mesothelioma from lung adenocarcinoma on cryostat sections and promise to be useful tools in biological studies of mesothelial cells.
 ...
PMID:Monoclonal antibodies against mesothelial membrane antigen discriminate between malignant mesothelioma and lung adenocarcinoma. 327 35

Abdominal malignant mesothelioma was found in a 17-year-old, spayed female Japanese domestic cat with mast cell leukaemia. The mesothelioma was mainly located at the periphery of the pancreas, spleen and stomach, and showed metastases to the lung, an anterior mediastinal lymph node and lymph ducts in the tracheal mucosa. Micro-circulatory defects caused by the mast cell leukaemia may have been partly responsible for the distant metastases.
 ...
PMID:Malignant mesothelioma with metastases and mast cell leukaemia in a cat. 788 62

Previous DNA analyses have demonstrated that 9p13-p22 is a frequent site of chromosomal loss in leukemia, glioma, melanoma, and lung and bladder carcinomas. Recent cytogenetic studies have revealed recurrent alterations of 9p in malignant mesothelioma (MM). We have performed gene dosage studies of 23 MM cell lines, using probes for several 9p21-p22 loci (IFNB, IFNA/IFNW, D9S3, D9S126, D9S169, and D9S171), to identify a common region of deletion. Homozygous and/or hemizygous deletions were identified in 19 (83%) cell lines. Homozygous losses (10 cell lines; 43%) occurred most often at the D9S171 and IFNA/IFNW loci. In 8 cell lines, 2 or more of the 9p loci examined were found to be homozygously lost; 2 others displayed homozygous losses only at the D9S171 locus. Results from our deletion mapping analysis suggest that D9S171 is located between IFNA/IFNW and D9S126. The data presented here indicate that allelic loss from 9p21-p22 is a common occurrence in MM and further delineate the location of a putative 9p tumor suppressor gene(s) to a region between IFNA/IFNW and D9S171. These MM cell lines may facilitate efforts to define an even smaller critically deleted region, leading to the eventual cloning and characterization of this gene.
 ...
PMID:Homozygous deletions within 9p21-p22 identify a small critical region of chromosomal loss in human malignant mesotheliomas. 840 55

It is well known from autopsy series that metastatic tumors of the heart can be found in 1.5% to 21% of patients with malignancies and the incidence of cardiac metastases is showing a gradual increase in recent years. The most common cause of metastatic heart disease is bronchial carcinoma followed by carcinoma of the breast, pleural mesothelioma, malignant melanoma, leukemia and lymphoma, in decreasing order of frequency. However metastatic cancer to the heart is not commonly diagnosed prior to death. Atrial extension has been reported as a common route of local spread in patients with bronchial carcinoma, but cardiac conduction system invasion is infrequent. The purpose of this report is to describe an unusual case of pulmonary adenocarcinoma that presented with cardiac manifestations mimicking atrioventricular (AV) block. This AV block was corrected by pacemaker. Chest radiography and bidimensional echocardiography didn't visualize important lesions. The cardiac findings at autopsy were remarkable not only for the severity of epicardial, myocardial and endocardial involvement, but for the metastatic implants into the His bundle and for the elective and wide infiltration of bifurcating His bundle. On addition histological examination revealed neoplastic emboli in the myocardial lymphatics. No valvular involvement was noted. Technical annotation: histological examination of the conduction system of the heart has been carried out on serial sections with the technique devised by one of the present authors. Bichromic (hematoxylin-eosin) and trichromic (Heidenhain-azan) stainings have been routinely employed.
 ...
PMID:[Cardiac block caused by metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma to the bundle of His]. 849 66

An update of a cohort study of 4855 employees at a Paulsboro, New Jersey refinery was conducted to further examine mortality patterns. The earlier study investigated refinery workers employed for a minimum of 1 year between 1 January 1946 and 1 January 1979. The vital status of these workers was ascertained through 1979. The update extended enrollment in the study and vital status follow-up for an additional 8 years (1980-1987). As in the previous study, mortality from all causes [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 87; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 83-91] was significantly lower than expected compared with the general population. Total cancer mortality was also lower than expected (SMR = 96; 95% CI: 86-106). A borderline significant mortality increase in prostatic cancer was found (SMR = 144; 95% CI: 106-190). This increase was similar to the nonsignificant increase reported in the original study (SMR = 135; 95% CI: 90-196). The excess was of comparable magnitude among white males and nonwhite males, although it was not significant for the latter. Detailed analysis indicated that the prostatic cancer was not likely to be related to employment at the refinery. Mortality from lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers was similar to the expected mortality. Mortality from overall leukemia was as expected and detailed analyses by specific cell type showed no increase. An increase in mortality occurred from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma among male workers (SMR = 132; 95% CI: 74-217). The increase was not statistically significant and unlikely to be associated with refinery employment. Mortality from multiple myeloma among male employees was lower than expected (SMR = 74; 95% CI: 20-190). Mortality from asbestos-related diseases (pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma) was also lower than expected among male workers. No cause-specific mortality was found to be associated with duration of employment at the refinery, including several causes which have been reported to be elevated in previous studies. The findings of this updated study indicate, as in the previous report, the generally favorable mortality experience of Paulsboro refinery workers.
 ...
PMID:An updated cohort mortality study of workers at a northeastern United States petroleum refinery. 883 92

The treatment of malignant mesothelioma (MM) has been challenging. Many series from larger single institutions comprise small numbers of selected patients. Positive studies tend to be published, whereas publication of negative studies is delayed, appears in obscure journals, or does not occur at all. Because of the pleural distribution of the tumor, reliable determination of response is problematic. Finally, the natural history of MM is generally short, but can be quite variable. Nevertheless, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and ifosfamide and perhaps other agents as well have modest activity. Larger phase II studies are now being done by cooperative groups accruing patients from community hospitals as well as from tertiary care centers. In the Cancer and Leukemia Group B study, the response rate in patients with measurable disease was 24% for cisplatin and either mitomycin C and doxorubicin, the highest response rates reported for a cooperative group study. Survival was slightly better for the doxorubicin combination. Studies of new drugs and biologics as well as of novel methods of drug delivery are underway.
 ...
PMID:Chemotherapy for malignant mesothelioma. 935 53

The author reviewed 1,517 human malignant mesothelioma cases from 1975 through August 2000. These mesothelioma cases were definite or probable in diagnostic certainty. Sources of these cases varied including asbestos insulation workers, UNARCO workers, Cancer and Leukemia B mesothelioma panel cases and random cases. Pathology materials consisted of autopsy, biopsy and rare cytology specimens. 92.3% of these patients were male, and 85.8% were between 50 and 79 years in age. The major primary site of the tumor was the pleura (73.1%). However, in a group of the asbestos insulation workers, the peritoneum was the more common primary site of malignant mesothelioma, compared to the pleura. Histologically, epithelial cell type was the majority (61.1%), followed by biphasic (22.1%) and fibrosarcomatous (16.4%). A double primary tumor (malignant mesothelioma associated with other cancer) was present in 32 of the 1,517 cases. These 32 cancers included lung cancers, renal cell carcinomas, colorectal cancers, pancreatic cancers and a cancer of the larynx, which are known to be at higher risk among asbestos insulation workers. The latency period of the vast majority (98.1%) of these mesothelioma cases were longer than 20 years. It is well accepted that cigarette smoking does not contribute to the induction of malignant mesothelioma. Indeed, the present study confirmed that 19.9% of these mesothelioma patients had never smoked cigarettes.
 ...
PMID:Pathology of human malignant mesothelioma--preliminary analysis of 1,517 mesothelioma cases. 1134 49

Doxorubicin is the most widely studied agent for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma. In conventional doses, the response rate is approximately 17%. Higher dose doxorubicin has been successfully employed in other tumor types. Dexrazoxane has been demonstrated to reduce the cardiac toxicity associated with long term, chronic use of doxorubicin. Based upon phase I data generated by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) indicating that doxorubicin at a dose of 120 mg/m(2) when combined with dexrazoxane and GM-CSF could be safely administered, the CALGB undertook a phase II study of high-dose doxorubicin in patients with malignant mesothelioma. Toxicity was excessive, necessitating protocol modification and ultimately protocol termination. There were no objective responses observed. We conclude that high-dose doxorubicin administered with dexrazoxane is unacceptably toxic in this patient population.
 ...
PMID:High-dose doxorubicin, dexrazoxane, and GM-CSF in malignant mesothelioma: a phase II study-Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9631. 1167 88

Prognostic factors in oncology may help physicians give their patients a prognosis for their disease and thus allow them to make plans for the future. These factors also assist in the selection of patients more likely to benefit from intensive treatments, especially in the context of clinical trials. Recently it has become clear that prognostic factors may have an additional benefit: they may provide insight into the biology of the cancer being studied and lead to improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis. For malignant mesothelioma, the prognostic scoring systems of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) are the most useful of those currently available. These systems rate performance status, age, histological subtype, weight loss, and hematological parameters as the best prognostic factors for malignant mesothelioma. In the future, biological markers may provide additional information on mesothelioma and will help in prognostication.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic factors in mesothelioma. 1183 67


1 2 3 Next >>