Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A group of 27 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), 15 with active disease and 12 in complete remission, were investigated for evidence of T cell activation. The parameters of T cell activation measured were the serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), soluble CD4 (sCD4) and soluble CD8 (sCD8) molecules and the proportions of T cells expressing the cytotoxicity-linked cytoplasmic serine esterase. All patients studied with active disease had elevated sIL-2R and sCD8 molecules and an elevated proportion of T cells expressing serine esterase. Patients studied in complete remission also had elevated sIL-2R. sCD8 and serine-esterase-positive T cells, but values were lower than those studied in active disease. These patients were all studied in the absence of any ongoing or recent infection or exposure to homologous blood products, either of which could potentially affect these parameters. In the absence of any obvious alternative cause, we suggest these data indicate that AML leukaemia blast cells may be immunogenic and lead to the activation of cytotoxic T cells.
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PMID:Lymphocyte activation in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Evidence for the presence of myeloblast antigen? 187 95

A continuous cell line was established from the blood of a patient (HH) with an aggressive cutaneous T-cell leukemia/lymphoma who lacked antibodies to human T lymphotrophic virus, type I. The immunophenotype of the cultured cells was CD2+, CD3+, CD4+, CD5+, CD8-, DR+ and CD25- (Tac, IL-2 receptor alpha chain). Southern-blot hybridization analysis of T-cell-receptor beta chain DNA demonstrated the same rearrangement in freshly isolated blood cells and cultured cells, indicating that the cell line was derived from the patient's malignant clone. Since cultured T-cells grew in complete medium without added IL-2, we investigated whether HH cells could be producing and responding to IL-2 in an autocrine fashion. However, no IL-2 was detectable in supernatant from the cell line, while antibodies to IL-2, or to the IL-2 receptor alpha or beta chains did not inhibit cell growth. In addition, no mRNA message for IL-2 was detectable in these cells. The results appear to exclude an autocrine IL-2-dependent mechanism of cell growth for this T-cell line. Although cultured HH cells lacked detectable IL-2 receptor alpha chain, they did show increased proliferation to exogenous IL-2. Binding studies with 125I-IL-2 demonstrated an intermediate affinity receptor for IL-2, KD = 1.7 nM, with 6400 binding sites per cell, suggesting the presence of an IL-2 receptor beta chain. Consistent with these findings 125I-IL-2 cross-linking studies demonstrated a single receptor calculated to be 75 kDa. Also, the beta chain of the IL-2 receptor was detected by immunofluorescence using specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Nanomolar concentrations of an IL-2-diphtheria toxin fusion protein inhibited cellular protein synthesis, an effect abrogated by native IL-2. These findings indicate that the IL-2 receptor beta-chain was functional. This novel mature T-cell line may be useful in studies of IL-2 receptor regulation and in analysis of the mechanism of T-cell leukemogenesis.
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PMID:Establishment of an IL-2 independent, human T-cell line possessing only the p70 IL-2 receptor. 187 69

Using a newly established HTLV-1 positive T cell line as an immunogen, a new monoclonal antibody, Ber-ACT8, was produced. It reacts with in vitro activated T cells and a small subset of normal resting T cells, but not with resting B cells or any of the 29 established human permanent cell lines tested. Immunohistological analysis of a wide spectrum of human tissues showed that Ber-ACT8 reactivity is restricted to a few T cells in the peripheral blood, the extrafollicular areas of lymph nodes and tonsils, and splenic red pulp. In the gut Ber-ACT8 labelled most intraepithelial T cells and up to 50% of lamina propria T cells. The antibody also immunostained T cells present in the oral and bronchial mucosa. Double labelling on splenic cells, fresh blood lymphocytes, and in vitro activated T cells showed that most Ber-ACT8 positive cells coexpressed CD8. Ber-ACT8 did not react with any of the 14 Hodgkin's lymphomas nor any of the 172 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas tested, with the exception of 10 cases of T cell lymphomas, five of which were located in the jejunum and associated with coeliac disease, and one B cell lymphoma, and most cases of hairy cell leukaemia tested. Parallel immunostainings with Ber-ACT8, anti-TCR-beta (beta F1), and anti-TCR-delta showed that most Ber-ACT8 positive T cells carry the TCR of alpha beta type. Comparison of Ber-ACT8 with HML-1, B-ly7, and LF61 showed essentially the same reactivity and an identical molecular target. The molecular structure recognised seems to be a trimeric molecule with components of 150, 125 and 105 kilodaltons, with the Ber-ACT8 epitope localised on the 150 kilodalton chain. The 150 kilodalton molecule contains an 0-linked carbohydrate moiety of about 10 kilodaltons. Because of its very selective distribution, the trimeric antigen is a powerful reagent for the diagnosis of gut T cell-derived T cell lymphomas and other extranodal T cell lymphomas, as well as hairy cell leukaemia.
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PMID:Ber-ACT8: new monoclonal antibody to the mucosa lymphocyte antigen. 189 Jan 96

To identify the biological characteristics of so called stem cell leukemia (SCL), of which leukemic blast cells should be derived from pluripotent stem cells, immunophenotypical and genotypical analysis and response to several hematopoietic cytokines were studied in 272 cases with acute de novo leukemia. In 132 cases with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), some cases of CD19+ and/or CD7+ AML were considered as SCL. In cases with myeloperoxidase negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), cases of CD7 + CD1 - CD3 - CD4 - CD8 - My-Ag (myeloid antigens) +ALL, considered as those of T-precursor ALLs, and cases of HLA-DR + CD19 + CD20 - My-Ag + ALL, considered as those of B-precursor ALLs, were though to be SCL. We did not think the cases of ALL with dual genotype to be SCL, since dual genotype could not be considered as sings of ability to differentiate to multilineage but as products of the process of active V-DJ rearrangements of Ig heavy chain gene.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of stem cell leukemias in view of phenotypic and genotypic analysis]. 189 Jul 37

We studied gene rearrangement and expression of immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) chain, T cell receptor (TCR) beta, gamma and delta chains in neoplastic T cells from patients with leukemia and lymphoma. Rearrangements of TCR beta and gamma chain genes were observed in most of T cell neoplasms. TCR delta chain gene rearrangements or deletions were detected in all 77 T cell neoplasms; 6 of 9 CD3- T cell neoplasms showed rearrangement, whereas biallelic deletion of TCR delta chain gene was the most common pattern in CD3+ T cell neoplasm (65 of 68 patients). One patient with CD3- T cell leukemia had TCR delta chain gene rearrangement with a germline configuration of TCR beta, gamma and IgH chain genes. TCR gamma and delta chain gene transcripts were detected in most of the CD3- T cell neoplasms, whereas mature TCR alpha and beta chain mRNA were demonstrated in the majority of the CD3+ T cell neoplasms. In 6 patients with CD7+ CD3- CD4- CD8- MPO- leukemia, only 2 patients had rearrangements and weak expressions of IgH, TCR gamma and delta chain genes. We also present two cases of double negative (CD3+ CD4- CD8-) leukemia; one is TCR gamma delta bearing LGL, the other is TCR alpha beta bearing ATL. These results suggest that most of T cell neoplasms preserve a pattern of genotypic and phenotypic expression reflecting their developmental pathways and differentiation levels of TCR bearing normal T cells.
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PMID:[Analyses of T cell receptor and its clinical implications in T cell neoplasms]. 189 Jul 39

Two intravenous drug users dually infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-cell leukemia virus type II (HTLV-II) developed an unusual severe dermatitis characterized by progressive brawny induration, fissuring, and ulceration of the skin, with an associated CD8 cell infiltration in one patient. Both patients had persistent eosinophilia. Lymph node biopsy revealed dermatopathic lymphadenopathy, an unusual pathologic finding in HIV-1 infection but one seen in association with mycosis fungoides and other skin disorders. Two new isolates of HTLV-II virus were established from these patients and were identified as HTLV-II by Southern blotting. This type of skin disease and lymph node pathology has not been found in other intravenous drug users who have been infected with HIV-1 alone or in patients in other risk groups for HIV-1 infection. HTLV-II may play a role in this unique new disease pattern in patients infected with HIV-1.
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PMID:Syndrome of severe skin disease, eosinophilia, and dermatopathic lymphadenopathy in patients with HTLV-II complicating human immunodeficiency virus infection. 189 51

Leukemic cell expression and serum levels of CD4, CD8, and interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) were determined at diagnosis for children or adolescents with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Cellular expression of CD4 was detected in 18 of 62 cases, CD8 in none of 60 cases, and IL-2R in one of 33 cases tested. Myeloblasts of the M4 and M5 subtypes expressed CD4 significantly more frequently than other FAB subtypes (p = 0.0001). Serum levels of the three soluble factors (tested for 91 patients) were positively correlated with each other. Increased serum CD4 levels were significantly associated with cellular CD4 expression, high leukocyte count, M5 leukemia, spleen enlargement, and age less than 1 year. High serum CD8 levels correlated significantly with splenomegaly, extramedullary disease, absence of Auer rods, and high leukocyte count. Cases with high serum IL-2R levels were less likely to have Auer rods and more likely to have splenomegaly and M5 leukemia; serum levels greater than 750 U/ml were associated with a higher probability of treatment failure (p = 0.05), even after adjustment for other potential prognostic factors. Further studies of serum CD4, CD8, and IL-2R levels may help to clarify the immunoregulatory role of T-cells in patients with AML.
Leukemia 1991 Mar
PMID:Serum CD4, CD8, and interleukin-2 receptor levels in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. 190 14

A 51-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of lymphadenopathy in June, 1987. Lymph node biopsy revealed diffuse lymphoma, mixed cell type according to the LSG classification. On hematological examinations, leukocyte has counted 12,400/microliters, of which 15% abnormal lymphocytes containing human T cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) proviral DNA into the cellular DNA. She was diagnosed as adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The abnormal lymphocytes in the peripheral blood expressed CD4 but lymph node cells expressed CD8. Thirty months after initial diagnosis, abnormal lymphocytes began to increased and reached 30,500/microliters. Surface phenotype of abnormal lymphocytes changed CD3+ CD4+ CD8- OKla1+ to CD3- CD4- CD8- OKla1-. This change is considered to show the surface phenotypic diversity in ATL cells.
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PMID:[Surface phenotypic diversity of CD4 or CD8 in ATL]. 190 77

Adult BL/6 mice are highly sensitive to lymphomagnesis by the radiation leukemia virus variant A-RadLV (80-100% T-cell lymphoma incidence after a latency of 70-110 days). This study shows that the in vivo elimination of T-cell subsets (including suppressor and cytotoxic T-cells) achieved by the repeated administration of cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin A, anti CD4 or anti CD8 mAb shortly after virus infection did not interfere with the lymphomagenic pathway. No reduction in the high lymphoma incidence or tumor latency was observed following the different treatments. Thus the suggestion on the basis of in vitro studies that the early phase of A-RadLV lymphomagenesis is associated with suppressor T-cells which abrogate a potential anti-tumor immune response has not been confirmed in these studies.
Leukemia 1991 Jun
PMID:Validity of the in vitro system as a correlate of the in vivo model of RadLV lymphomagnesis. 190 70

We describe the results of treatment with 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF) in 68 patients with post-thymic (mature) T-cell malignancies. These included: prolymphocytic leukaemia (T-PLL), 31, HTLV-1 + adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL), 20, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), comprising mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome, 13, and large granular lymphocytic leukaemia, four. Two-thirds of patients were refractory to previous therapy, which included four drug combinations. DCF was given intravenously at 4 mg m-2 weekly for the first 4 weeks and then every 2 weeks until maximal response. Toxicity was very low with only one death resulting from prolonged neutropenia. Overall response rates, partial (PR) and complete. (CR), were 38%, with variations according to diagnosis. Best responses, 54%, were seen in CTCL but limited to Sezary patients, one CR, six PR, whilst none of the mycosis fungoides responded. Responses in T-PLL were recorded in 48% including three CR (of 8-12 months' duration unmaintained) and 12 PR. Fifteen per cent of responses were seen in ATLL. The only ATLL responders - two CR, one PR - were those patients who received combination chemotherapy prior to DCF, with reduction of tumour bulk but short of PR. When results were analysed according to membrane phenotypes it was apparent that responses were seen mainly in cases with CD4+, CD8- T cells -22 of 47 (47%) - contrasting with only three of 19 (16%) with other T-cell phenotypes. We conclude that DCF is a useful therapy for the treatment of T-cell leukaemias, in particular Sezary syndrome and T-PLL, and should play a part in strategies to improve the natural history of this group of lymphoid malignancies.
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PMID:Deoxycoformycin in the treatment of mature T-cell leukaemias. 193 13


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