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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The true survival rates for the various forms of childhood cancer are best determined from a population-based study rather than from the results of clinical trials. Population-based survival rates have been calculated for four periods between 1956 and 1980 in Queensland. There was a significant improvement in survival for children who developed cancer after 1973 compared with those diagnosed before this date. There has however been no significant improvement in the survival rate for childhood cancer overall, or for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia since 1973. Over the 25 year period significant trends in survival rates were seen in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, Wilms' tumour, medulloblastoma, and retinoblastoma. No such trend was seen for acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, juvenile or anaplastic astrocytoma, brain stem glioma, histiocytosis X, or bone tumours. There is a need for continuing research into better methods of treatment of childhood cancer.
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PMID:Childhood cancer survival trends in Queensland 1956-80. 658 17

The relationship of weight at birth to the occurrence of childhood cancer was studied with emphasis on the influence of age at diagnosis. Birth certificates for 681 children with cancer born in Washington State were linked with cancer registry data. Among children diagnosed with cancer during the first several years of life, there was an increased proportion with a high birth weight (greater than 4,000 g). The relationship was strongest for children under 2 years of age; about twice as many of them had high birth weights. However, the relationship was not present at all in those whose cancer was diagnosed at age 4 or older. This excess risk in young children associated with high birth weight was distributed among several types of cancer, including the two most common ones (leukemia and neuroblastoma).
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PMID:Birth weight and the incidence of childhood cancer. 658 81

Poland's syndrome is a congenital absence of the sternal portion of the pectoralis major muscle, often associated with ipsilateral upper-limb anomalies. We describe two children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with Poland's syndrome, ie, an association between childhood cancer and congenital anomalies previously unreported and unlikely to be due to chance. In addition, we report another case of acute leukemia in a child with Poland's syndrome. In view of the rarity of Poland's syndrome in the general pediatric population, we conclude that there is an increased association of the syndrome with both leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the biologic basis of which is unclear.
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PMID:Poland's syndrome associated with childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 658 72

Childhood cancer affects not only children with the illness, but their families and their communities as well. Both children with cancer and their parents have need of complete, honest, and regularly updated medical information at their own level of understanding. Children with cancer and their parents also need psychosocial support to help them cope with the impact of childhood cancer on their daily lives, family dynamics, and interactions in their communities. Candlelighters, treatment centers, community organizations such as the American Cancer and Leukemia Societies, and the Office of Cancer Communications of the National Cancer Institute are among those groups meeting these needs with mutual-support groups, educational programs, special libraries, and written and audiovisual materials.
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PMID:Meeting the educational and psychosocial needs produced by a diagnosis of pediatric/adolescent cancer. 670 17

Sixty-eight long-term survivors of childhood cancer were evaluated for dental and maxillofacial abnormalities. Forty-five patients had received maxillofacial radiation for lymphoma, leukemia, rhabdomyosarcoma, and miscellaneous tumors. Forty-three of the 45 patients and the remaining 23 who had not received maxillofacial radiation also received chemotherapy. Dental and maxillofacial abnormalities were detected in 37 of the 45 (82%) radiated patients. Dental abnormalities comprised foreshortening and blunting of roots, incomplete calcification, premature closure of apices, delayed or arrested tooth development, and caries. Maxillofacial abnormalities comprised trismus, abnormal occlusal relationships, and facial deformities. The abnormalities were more severe in those patients who received radiation at an earlier age and at higher dosages. Possible chemotherapeutic effects in five of 23 patients who received treatment for tumors located outside the head and neck region comprised acquired amelogenesis imperfecta, microdontia of bicuspid teeth, and a tendency toward thinning of roots with an enlarged pulp chamber. Dental and maxillofacial abnormalities should be recognized as a major consequence of maxillofacial radiation in long-term survivors of childhood cancer, and attempts to minimize or eliminate such sequelae should involve an effective interaction between radiation therapists, and medical and dental oncologists.
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PMID:Dental and maxillofacial abnormalities in long-term survivors of childhood cancer: effects of treatment with chemotherapy and radiation to the head and neck. 672 83

Evidence of early loss of immunological competence in cases of neoplasms occurring in juveniles was found in an analysis of OSCC data (Oxford Survey of Childhood Cancers). The effects observed included heightened sensitivity to infection from birth onwards for all types of childhood cancer, higher levels of sensitivity for leukaemia than for lymphomas, and higher levels for lymphomas than for other solid tumours. The findings as a whole are consistent with in utero loss of immunological competence, which is an essential promoter of cancers of foetal origin and thus allows the outcome of an in utero cancer induction to be influenced both by maternal levels of immunological competence and postnatal infection.
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PMID:The immune system and cancers of foetal origin. 696 26

A case control study was conducted to test Fabia and Thuy's observation that there was an excess of fathers in hydrocarbon-related occupations among children who died of childhood cancer compared to their controls. The study comprised 692 children who were born and died in Massachusetts for the years 1947-1957, and 1963-1967 and a control group of 1,384. No significant association was found between the four major groups of childhood cancer and the three hydrocarbon-related occupations: (1) mechanics and gas station attendants; (2) machinists; and (3) painters, cleaners, and dyers. However, there were two significant associations: (a) paternal employment as a paper or pulp mill worker was associated with tumors of the brain and other parts of the nervous system (relative odds of 2.8); and (b) paternal employment as a mechanic or machinist was associated with tumors of the urinary tract (relative odds of 2.5). Without strong supporting evidence from other studies, the authors are reluctant to conclude that these associations are causal. A weak association between childhood leukemia-lymphoma are parents' ages was observed.
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PMID:The association between parental occupation and childhood malignancy. 721 55

The incidence of childhood cancer in Queensland has been studied using the data of the population-based Queensland Childhood Malignancy Registry. During the 7-year period 1973-1979, 454 cases were registered, giving an annual age-specific incidence of 11.34/10(5) for the age group 0-14 years inclusive. There was a male/female ratio of 1.36. The commonest group of diseases was that of the leukaemias, followed by that of CNS tumours. The incidences of the various types of tumour in Queensland have been compared with those from other reported series. The incidence of leukaemia was midway between that of U.S. whites and that of Manchester, while the incidences of lymphoma and Wilms' tumour were much closer to those of the United States. Ewing's tumour was considerably commoner than osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Incidence of childhood tumours in Queensland. 731 68

The development of fever in neutropenic cancer patients is frequently an indication of infection. The response of these patients to antibiotic treatment is often poor, and the recent literature continues to document a substantial mortality rate in spite of the prompt treatment of these patients with multiple-agent antibiotic therapy. Because of limited available information regarding fever and neutropenia in pediatric cancer patients, we undertook an analysis of a group of such patients from a pediatric oncology center. The incidence of probable and documented infections was 39.2% in a group of these patients, representing 158 febrile episodes. The most frequent form of infection was bacterial sepsis; pulmonary infections were the next most frequent, followed by infections of skin and soft tissues. In leukemia patients with culture-proven infections, gram-negative organisms were isolated in 61.1% of episodes while gram-positive organisms were isolated in 41.7%. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the organisms most frequently isolated from these patients. In solid-tumor patients with bacterial infections, gram-positive organisms were isolated in 78% of cases. Patients having the highest incidence of documented infections were those with leukemia who had active disease (induction or relapse), and severe neutropenia (less than 200 granulocytes/microliter). Antibiotic therapy with cephalothin, gentamicin, and carbenicillin (CGC), was effective in 41 of 45 (91.1%) episodes of documented infection in the total group of patients.
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PMID:Fever and neutropenia in children with neoplastic disease: an analysis of 158 episodes. 735 Oct 24

B-cell precursor (BCP) leukemia is the most common form of childhood cancer and represents one of the most radiation-resistant forms of human malignancy. In this study, we examined the antileukemic efficacy of the B43 (anti-CD19)-pokeweed antiviral protein (B43-PAP) immunotoxin against radiation-resistant BCP leukemia cells. B43-PAP caused apoptosis of radiation-resistant primary BCP leukemia cells, killed greater than 99% of radiation-resistant primary leukemic progenitor cells from BCP leukemia patients, and conferred extended survival to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice xenografted with radiation-resistant human BCP leukemia. Furthermore, the combination of B43-PAP and total body irradiation (TBI) was more effective than TBI alone in two SCID mouse bone marrow transplantation models of radiation-resistant human BCP leukemia. Thus, B43-PAP may prove useful in the treatment of radiation-resistant BCP leukemia.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo antileukemic activity of B43-pokeweed antiviral protein against radiation-resistant human B-cell precursor leukemia cells. 749 81


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