Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

While human parvovirus B19 is associated with fetal damage and chronic suppression of bone marrow in patients with leukemia, much less is known of the genomic characteristics of B19 isolated from damaged human fetuses and leukemia patients. B19 genome DNAs from human fetal organs and fluids and sera from leukemia patients were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. The nucleotide sequences of amplified products in the region between nucleotide (nt) 3141 and nt3411 were determined following molecular cloning in M13 phage. The genome types of B19 from the fetuses and leukemia patients were similar to the types from patients with aplastic crisis and an asymptomatic individual. Wide diversity of the nucleotide sequence, i.e., six or more (6-11) substitutions, were evident in ten M13 phage clones of each DNA source from fetal materials, while substitutions in sera from patients with leukemia and aplastic crisis and of an asymptomatic individual numbered four or fewer (0-4). This wide diversity of B19 viruses in the fetus, revealed after many rounds of DNA replication, probably depends on a persistent state of infection.
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PMID:Partial nucleotide sequencing and characterization of human parvovirus B19 genome DNAs from damaged human fetuses and from patients with leukemia. 849 4

Chronic parvovirus B19 infection in the immunocompromised host may cause severe anaemia secondary to failure of erythropoiesis. This has been previously documented in patients with the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), congenital immunodeficiencies and in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia during maintenance chemotherapy. We describe persistent parvovirus infection in a 14-year-old boy after HLA-matched sibling allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in second remission.
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PMID:Successful treatment of parvovirus B19 infection and red cell aplasia occurring after an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. 854 70

Virus infections have been thought to be involved in the development of childhood leukaemia. In order to address this issue we determined, in a case-control study, the prevalence of antibodies to viruses infecting blood or bone-marrow cells [Epstein-Barr virsus (EBV), human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6), parvovirus B19] as well as to the human virus known for its tumour-suppressive properties, the adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2), in the sera of 121 children with leukaemia in Germany, and in 197 control individuals, hospitalized for other reasons, and matched for age and gender to the cases. In addition, we developed a questionnaire to be answered by the children's parents, in order to gain information on previous infections of the children as well as to calculate for factors which may influence serological findings. Comparative determination of the prevalence of antibodies against AAV-2, B-19 or HHV-6 revealed no significant differences in cases and controls. However, antibodies to EBV were more frequently found in children with leukaemia younger than 6 years of age (age at the time of diagnosis of leukaemia) than in controls. Apparently, infection with AAV-2 has no protective effect in childhood leukaemia, in contrast to results observed for other malignancies. Similarly, and in accordance with results on leukaemia in adults, we found no indication of a protective effect of infection with the parvovirus B-19. The data suggest that EBV, which is known to be involved in various lymphomas, may play a role in the development of childhood leukaemia in young children.
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PMID:Sero-epidemiological analysis of the risk of virus infections for childhood leukaemia. 859 7

No animals tested were positive for feline leukemia virus antigen and Chlamydia psittaci antibodies, but all were positive for antibodies to feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV1) and rotavirus. They had antibodies to feline parvovirus (96%), feline coronavirus (84% and cowpox virus (2%). Antibody to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) was found in 53% of animals, which were less likely to be infected with Haemobartonella felis, and had higher FHV antibody titres than cats without FIV. FCV was isolated from 51% cats and FHV1 and feline reovirus each from 4%. H. felis was present in 42% of animals, and antibody to Toxoplasma gondii in 62%. Clinical abnormality had a significant association with FIV and feline calicivirus infections, but sex, age, social status and feeding group had no significant association with prevalence of any parasites. Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina eggs were found, respectively, in 91% and 82% of animals tested.
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PMID:Parasite prevalence in free-ranging farm cats, Felis silvestris catus. 862 Sep 14

Expression from the human parvovirus B19p6 promoter fused to the firefly luciferase ('Luc') reporter gene was evaluated in a non-erythroid human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line, KB, and a human megakaryocytic leukaemia cell line, MB-02, known to become permissive for B19 replication following erythroid-differentiation. The B19p6-Luc construct was introduced into KB and MB-02 cells, both in undifferentiated and differentiated states, either via DNA-mediated transfection, or via infection with recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV), a non-pathogenic human parvovirus known to possess a broad host-range. Although Luc activity was readily detected in KB cells following transfection of the B19p6-Luc plasmid DNA, no expression from the B19p6 promoter was observed following infection with recombinant virus. In addition, transfection of the reporter plasmid resulted in high-level expression of Luc in differentiated but not in undifferentiated MB-02 cells. However, no Luc activity was detected, even in differentiated MB-02 cells, following infection with recombinant virus. Further studies with an additional recombinant as well as wild-type (wt) AAV revealed that MB-02 cells were non-permissive for AAV infection. A second human megakaryocytic leukaemia cell line, M07e, was likewise resistant to infection by recombinant as well as wt AAV. Taken together, these studies identify the first human cell type that cannot be infected by AAV. They indicate that expression from the B19p6 promoter, in the context of an AAV genome, is restricted to primary human haematopoietic cells, perhaps because parvoviral DNA replication and transcription are intrinsically coupled.
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PMID:Differential expression in human cells from the p6 promoter of human parvovirus B19 following plasmid transfection and recombinant adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV) infection: human megakaryocytic leukaemia cells are non-permissive for AAV infection. 868 95

While viral infections and their impact are well studied in domestic cats, only limited information is available on their occurrence in free-ranging lions. The goals of the present study were (i) to investigate the prevalence of antibodies to feline calicivirus (FCV), herpesvirus (FHV), coronavirus (FCoV), parvovirus (FPV), and immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen in 311 serum samples collected between 1984 and 1991 from lions inhabiting Tanzania's national parks and (ii) to evaluate the possible biological importance and the interrelationship of these viral infections. Antibodies to FCV, never reported previously in free-ranging lions, were detected in 70% of the sera. In addition, a much higher prevalence of antibodies to FCoV (57%) was found than was previously reported in Etosha National Park and Kruger National Park. Titers ranged from 25 to 400. FeLV antigen was not detectable in any of the serum samples. FCoV, FCV, FHV, and FIV were endemic in the Serengeti, while a transient elevation of FPV titers pointed to an outbreak of FPV infection between 1985 and 1987. Antibody titers to FPV and FCV were highly prevalent in the Serengeti (FPV, 75%; FCV, 67%) but not in Ngorongoro Crater (FPV, 27%; FCV, 2%). These differences could be explained by the different habitats and biological histories of the two populations and by the well-documented absence of immigration of lions from the Serengeti plains into Ngorongoro Crater after 1965. These observations indicate that, although the pathological potential of these viral infections seemed not to be very high in free-ranging lions, relocation of seropositive animals by humans to seronegative lion populations must be considered very carefully.
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PMID:Prevalence of antibodies to feline parvovirus, calicivirus, herpesvirus, coronavirus, and immunodeficiency virus and of feline leukemia virus antigen and the interrelationship of these viral infections in free-ranging lions in east Africa. 887 34

Bone-marrow changes in infectious diseases due to feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), parvovirus (PV, canine and feline) and canine distemper virus (CDV), and in the lymphohaemopoietic neoplasias (LHNs) usually associated with feline leukaemia virus infection were studied in samples obtained from 204 cats and 82 dogs at necropsy. The study demonstrated (1) no changes, (2) non-specific reactive changes, and (3) disease-specific changes (similar to those occurring in extramedullary sites) in: 51.2, 48.8 and 9.7% of 41 cases of FIPV infection, respectively; 0, 100 and 0% of nine cases of FIV infection, respectively; 1.3, 0 and 92% of 75 cases of canine PV infection, respectively; 5.3, 3.9 and 84% of 76 cases of feline PV infection, respectively; 71.4, 28.6 and 0% of seven cases of CDV infection, respectively; and 35.9, 52.6 and 11.5% of 78 cases of LHN, respectively. The distribution of the disease-specific bone-marrow changes was either diffuse or focal; diffuse changes were frequently found in cases of feline and canine PV infection, and focal changes were found inconsistently in FIPV infections and feline LHN. To the extent that the bone marrow showed any changes in FIV and CDV infections, they were mostly reactive and not pathognomonic.
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PMID:Bone-marrow changes in infectious diseases and lymphohaemopoietic neoplasias in dogs and cats--a retrospective study. 971 27

Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORL), previously known as 'neck lesions,' are commonly known in domestic, but also in non-domestic cats. They are characterized by odontoclastic resorptive processes, which take place at the dental root and at the periodontium. Chronic inflammation of gingiva and periodontium is believed to be an important etiological factor in the development of FORL. In this context, various feline viruses have been discussed to play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of these lesions. The aim of this project was to determine in a blinded study the incidence of FORL in 10 cats which were infected for several years with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), but were otherwise free of feline viral infections (feline leukemia virus, feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus, feline parvovirus, feline coronavirus, feline syncytium-forming virus). Nine age-matched controls were kept under identical conditions, but free of FIV. Subgingival resorptive lesions were found in six of 10 FIV-positive cats, but in three of nine controls only. FIV-positive cats had significantly more often gingivae with an increased tendency for bleeding upon probing than FIV-negative cats (p=0.0055), and they had slightly more often hyperplastic gingivae (p=0.0867). In conclusion, signs characteristic of FORL such as subgingival lesions, granulomatous or hyperplastic gingivae with a tendency for bleeding, were found significantly more often in FIV-positive cats than in the controls (p=0.0198). Therefore, it was concluded that FIV infection is an important factor for the occurrence of FORL, possibly through immune suppression or changes of the (sub)gingival micro-environment. However, non-infected control cats also showed some evidence of FORL in the absence of all tested viral infections. Therefore, factors other than viral infections must also play a role in the development of FORL in cats.
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PMID:Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection leads to increased incidence of feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (FORL). 983 81

Three pediatric patients with refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) are presented. Bone marrow aspirates were examined using Romanowsky and Prussian blue iron stains in all three patients, and electron microscopic analysis was performed in one patient. All three patients had cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow. Other studies included analysis of serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, ferritin, copper, vitamins B6 and B12, and folate levels. Antibody titers to Parvovirus, HIV, and other viruses were measured. The patients had contrasting clinical courses. Patients 1 and 2 had dysplastic hematopoietic features and cytogenetic findings (with either partial or one allele loss of chromosome 7), suggestive of myelodysplastic syndrome. Patient 1 experienced acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and had a good response to AML-directed therapy. Patient 2 had prolonged cytopenias and underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Patient 3 had features suggestive of refractory anemia associated with mitochondrial cytopathy, including normal cytogenetics with pronounced vacuolization of marrow precursors. His anemia regressed spontaneously a few months after diagnosis. These patients represent two subgroups of pediatric RARS. Patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) type may progress to cytopenias or leukemia and may require aggressive therapy; the type is characterized by clonal cytogenetic findings. The non-MDS type, which may relate to mitochondrial cytopathy, often shows spontaneous regression and requires only supportive treatment; it has normal cytogenetic findings.
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PMID:Refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts in children: two diseases with a similar phenotype? 1052 57

While the importance of viral infections is well studied in domestic cats, only limited information is available on their occurence and prevalence in the European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to feline coronavirus (FCoV), calicivirus (FCV), herpesvirus (FHV), parvovirus (FPV), immunodeficiency virus (FIV), leukemia virus (FeLV), and FeLV antigenemia in 51 European wildcat sera. Samples were collected between 1996 and 1997 from wildcat populations in France, Switzerland, and Germany. Antibodies to FCoV were detected in two cats (4%) and FCoV RNA was detected in feces of one of these two cats. Antibodies to FCV, FHV and FPV were found at relatively low frequencies of 16%, 4%, and 2%, respectively. Antibodies to FIV were not detected. Although antigen and antibodies to FeLV were detected in 49%, and 75%, respectively, no evidence of FeLV-associated pathology was found. From the low prevalence of FCoV, FCV, FHV and FPV infections and from the fact that the European wildcats live solitarily, it was concluded that these viral infections do not spread readily within a population. Therefore, it may be assumed that release into the wild of European wildcats bred in captivity would not bring about a high risk of introducing of these viral infections to the free-ranging wildcats. As an exception, wildcats should be tested for absence of FIV infection before release if they were at risk to acquire this infection from domestic cats.
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PMID:Viral infections in free-living populations of the European wildcat. 1057 26


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