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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To understand further the hematopoietic dyscrasias induced by a variant (a) of Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV), we used Escherichia coli endotoxin to stress the hematopoietic system of control and RLV/a-infected BALB/c mice. During the preleukemic stages of virus infection, there was slight splenomegaly without peripheral blood erythroblastosis. Granulocyte release and tissue mobilization mechanisms appeared unaffected by the RLV/a infection. Both RLV/a-infected and control mice reacted to endotoxin with peripheral granulocytosis and peritoneal granulocyte mobilization, though the circulating granulocyte levels in RLV/a-treated mice initially were lower than those in controls. Spleen of RLV/a-infected animals were larger than those of controls, but both responded to endotoxin with elevated numbers of granulocytes and erythroblasts. Since numbers of bone marrow erythroblasts in both groups of mice were decreased after endotoxin, stem cell competition and/or shunting of stem cells from marrow to spleen may have been involved. Endotoxin also induced rapid falls in hematocrit levels in both groups. These studies suggested that RLV/a-infected mice can be a model to study 1) erythropoietic dysfunction uncomplicated by defective granulopoietic release and tissue mobilization control mechanisms, and 2) progression of evolving granulocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Granulopoiesis in "preleukemic" mice with anemia induced by Rauscher leukemia virus, variant a. 110 69

Granulocyte cytotoxic activity in sera from over 257 patients was shown to be distinct from HL-A lymphocytoxic activity. Granulocyte cytotoxins occur in approximately 25 per cent of sera from patients having leukemia, 45 per cent with aplastic anemia, 22 per cent with kidney disease on hemodialysis, and 19 per cent of pregnant women. By testing sera on the same panel of cells, the granulocyte cytotoxic activity was shown not to be associated with granulocyte agglutination activity or lymphocytotoxic acitivty. It is likely that granulocyte cytotoxins and granulocyte agglutinins will be useful in transfusion and bone marrow transplantation as a separate tool from the more widely used lymphocyte cytotoxicity reaction.
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PMID:Occurrence of granulocyte cytotoxins and agglutinins. 112 31

A study of the three serum transcobalamins (TC) in myeloproliferative disorders and acute leukaemia has suggested a granulocyte origin for the three binders; the later stages of this cell line might be releasing 'TC I' and 'TC III' while 'TC II' which is increased in sera from patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia, probably originates at least in part from myeloblasts. The intracellular content of each TC has been studied in normal and leukaemic bone marrow cells after separation on a discontinuous bovine serum albumin gradient. Myeloblasts contain a TC II-like protein almost exclusively but promyelocytes contain a TC I-like protein which increases as the cells mature whilst 'TC II' decreases. A TC III-like binder parallels 'TC I' but appears later and reaches a maximum in the polymorphonuclear cells. In various types of leukaemia, abnormal TC distributions are related either to marrow replacement by the blast cells or to a disorder of the maturation process in the leukaemic cell line.
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PMID:The intercellular content of the three transcobalamins at various stages of normal and leukaemic myleoid cell development. 120 Dec 43

Granulopoiesis was studied simultaneously by three methods in normal subjects and in subjects with neutropenia of various aetiologies: in vitro labelling of autologous and homologous granulocytes for the study of peripheral kinetics, in vivo labelling with DF32P (di-isopropyl-flourophosphate 32P) or 75Se-selenomethionine, and bone marrow autoradiography after in vitro labelling with 3H-thymidine for the study of bone marrow granulopoiesis. Three main mechanisms of neutropenia can be distinguished: a) peripheral hyperdestruction, corpuscular or extra-corpuscular, and false leukopenias (change in the distribution of peripheral granulocytes from the circulating to the marginal granulocyte pool; b) quantitative bone marrow insufficiency without qualitative abnormality; c) qualitative abnormality in bone marrow granulopoiesis with cell death in either the maturation stage or the proliferative stage. There is no exact correlation between clinical and kinetic classifications, but most cases of post-infection chronic neutropenias and idiopathic neutropenias fall into the first two categories, and most cases of benzol intoxication and bone marrow insufficiency due to X-irradiation fall into the last category. Some of these last patients developed an acute myeloblastic leukaemia in the two following years and can be considered as preleukaemic states.
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PMID:Studies of granulocyte kinetics in normal and granulocytopenic subjects. 121 98

Colony stimulating factors (CSFs) are glycoprotein hormones that regulate growth and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Their use to stimulate granulocyte precursors during periods of neutropenia in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is limited by their concomitant stimulation of the proliferation of myeloblasts. The effects of these agents on leukemic lymphoblasts is not entirely known. We have investigated the in vitro effects of granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) and granulocyte/macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF) on leukemic cells from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). DNA synthesis of bone marrow cells from 22 children with ALL, either at diagnosis or in relapse, was examined with and without CSFs. Proliferative potential was also tested in a clonogenic assay with 13 bone marrow specimens. These factors did not stimulate the growth of ALL cells in either assay. Our results indicate that G-CSF and GM-CSF should be able to stimulate granulocyte proliferation without enhancing leukemic proliferation during periods of neutropenia in children with ALL.
Leukemia 1992 Nov
PMID:The effect of recombinant GM-CSF and G-CSF on the bone marrow cells of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 127 25

Sera of 25 healthy controls and 75 patients suffering from myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) were investigated for serum concentration of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-3, IL-6, granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (GM-CSF), erythropoietin (Epo), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). According to French-American-British (FAB) classification, 21 refractory anemia (RA), seven refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS), 15 chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), 12 refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB), and 20 RAEB in transformation (RAEBt) were examined. TNF-alpha levels were inversely correlated with lower levels of hemoglobin concentration (r = -0.31, p = 0.005), irrespective of the requirements for transfusion in anemic MDS patients. Significant differences in TNF-alpha levels between CMML (26.2 +/- 5.9 pg/ml) and the FAB subgroups (16.1 +/- 1.6 pg/ml) were detected. There was an overall inverse relationship between the level of erythropoietin and the degree of anemia, but a wide range of Epo response between patients with similar hemoglobin concentrations. Serum levels of IL-1 alpha and GM-CSF were undetected in most of the patients. In 57% of the samples there were detectable levels of G-CSF, without a correlation of the serum levels with blood cell counts, nor with any of the FAB subcategories. Overall, 29% and 25% of the patient sera exhibited elevated IL-3 and IL-6 levels, respectively. There was no correlation of the serum levels with any of the blood counts, other cytokines, nor FAB subcategories. In conclusion, simple negative feedback mechanism between a specific cytokine and the production of blood cells seems not to be the case in MDS, except for red cell production and erythropoietin concentration. Our data may suggest the involvement of TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of anemia in MDS.
Leukemia 1992 Dec
PMID:Measurement of serum cytokine levels in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. 128 Jul 51

We studied the biological characteristics of CD7+ acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). We diagnosed nine out of 88 consecutive AML cases as CD7+ AML based on myeloperoxidase positivity and surface antigen expression. In eight of these nine cases more than 20% of leukaemic blasts were found to coexpress both CD7 and a myeloid-associated antigen, CD33, by a two-colour flow-cytometric assay, while in the remaining case more than 90% of blasts were positive for CD7 and myeloperoxidase. CD7+ AML was most frequently observed in M1 among AML subtypes according to the FAB classification. An early stage-specific antigen, CD34 was also expressed on leukaemic blasts from eight of these nine cases. Neither the T-cell receptor (TcR)-beta nor the TcR-gamma gene was clonally rearranged in any of the cases. We then studied the proliferative responses to stimulation by various growth factors. Among interleukin-3 (IL-3), granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF), IL-3 showed the strongest stimulatory effect on DNA synthesis and leukaemic blast colony formation in 8/9 and 6/8 CD7+ AML cases examined, respectively. On the other hand, the strongest stimulatory effect exerted by IL-3 on blast colony formation was observed in only six out of the 33 CD7- AML cases examined. Furthermore, CD7+ AML blasts could proliferate in response to stem cell factor (SCF); SCF alone showed stimulatory effects on blast colony formation (7/8 cases), and in 5/7 SCF-responding cases, stimulatory effects of SCF were more potent than those of IL-3. In addition, SCF enhanced blast colony formation synergistically with IL-3 in four of these seven cases. These data suggest that progenitor cells of CD7+ AML may possess the biological properties characteristic of immature haematopoietic stem cells.
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PMID:Biological characteristics of CD7 positive acute myelogenous leukaemia. 128 77

The effects of recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) and retinoic acid (RA) were studied on the proliferation and differentiation of HL-60 cells and human acute myeloid leukemic cells. Synergistic effect on granulocyte differentiation was observed when HL-60 cells and primary acute promyelocytic leukemic cells were cocultured with RA plus rhG-CSF. rhG-CSF combined with RA increased more significantly the percentage of mature cells than RA alone and greatly increased NBT reduction activity (P < 0.001). These results suggested that proliferated effect of rhG-CSF on leukemic cells may be important for inducing differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. But this effect might expose the patients to the risk of acute myeloblastic leukemia if G-CSF was used alone. However, RA could not only rule out the latter situation but retain former merit as well. The authors suggest that the combined use of G-CSF with RA is probably a new approach to the treatment of leukemia.
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PMID:Recombinant human G-CSF and retinoic acid in synergistically inducing granulocyte differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemic cells. 128 43

In the present study we carried out allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in 14 leukemia children with high risk prognostic factors. Six patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), four with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), two with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and two with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Among these patients, six with ANLL, two with ALL, one with CML and one with MDS were alive in complete remission 8 to 58 months post-BMT. Four patients died of relapse (one with ALL, and one with MDS), and chronic GVHD (one with ALL and one with CML). In six patients recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rG-CSF) was used to shorten the period of granulocytopenia. The mean time of recovery to granulocyte count of 500/mm3 was 13.2 days in the rG-CSF+ group, being 15.9 days faster than that in the rG-CSF- group. In light of these results, allogeneic BMT is shown to be a choice of treatment for leukemia children with high risk prognostic factors and rG-CSF may be an effective reagent to prevent infectious episodes in BMT.
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PMID:Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for malignant hematologic disorders in children. 128 58

Formyl-methionine-containing peptides (e.g. fMet-Leu-Phe) stimulate a variety of neutrophil functions by interacting with specific cell surface receptors which are coupled via G-proteins to stimulation of phospholipase C. Two markedly distinct cDNAs coding for formyl peptide receptors have recently been isolated from a rabbit and a human cDNA library respectively. To examine the hitherto unknown signal transduction properties of the formyl peptide receptor encoded by the human cDNA, we have used the PCR to clone this cDNA from poly(A)+ RNA of myeloid differentiated human leukaemia (HL-60) cells, and have injected the cDNA-derived receptor cRNA into Xenopus laevis oocytes. Receptor activity was determined electrophysiologically by measuring the agonist-dependent opening of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i)-independent Cl- channels. Injection of pure formyl peptide receptor cRNA did not lead to peptide-dependent changes in membrane current. In contrast, marked alterations of membrane current were observed in response to formyl peptides when the receptor cRNA was supplemented with poly(A)+ RNA isolated from undifferentiated HL-60 cells. Injection of the latter RNA did not lead to formyl-peptide-dependent alterations of membrane current. Binding studies using a radioiodinated formyl peptide revealed that injection of formyl peptide receptor cRNA alone led to expression of the formyl peptide receptor on the oocyte surface, and that co-injection of poly(A)+ RNA from undifferentiated HL-60 cells did not alter the level of receptor expression. Size fractionation of poly(A)+ RNA from undifferentiated HL-60 cells showed that the mRNA required to complement formyl-peptide-dependent signal transduction in oocytes had a size of approx. 3-3.5 kb. These results strongly suggest that the human formyl peptide receptor requires a specific cofactor(s), which is lacking in Xenopus oocytes but is present in undifferentiated HL-60 cells, to activate the second messenger pathway in oocytes. Identification of this factor will provide important information about the molecular mechanisms by which G-protein-coupled granulocyte-activating receptors stimulate phospholipase C.
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PMID:Complementation of formyl peptide receptor-mediated signal transduction in Xenopus laevis oocytes. 131 22


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