Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The occurrence of transient extreme neutrophilic leucocytosis, with white blood cell counts exceeding 100,000/mu-l in two adult patients with myeloproliferative diseases, polycythaemia vera and acute myelocytic leukaemia in remission, is reported. The reaction was transient, and the subsequent course of the patient's disease did not differ from that prior to the episode. Such extreme leucocytosis is rare in adults, despite the frequency of provoking conditions, and factors which predispose an individual to develop a leukaemoid reaction remain unknown. An increase in the size of the pool of proliferating granulocyte precursors accompanied by a loss of the restraining function of the marrow sinusoidal walls in myeloproliferative diseases may explain the augmented release of myeloid cells in our patients.
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PMID:Leukaemoid reactions in myeloproliferative diseases. Report of two patients. 105 23

Staining with naphthol AS phosphate and Fast Blue BB salt has been used for the estimation of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) scores in patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL). The very low scores found at diagnosis rise when the disease is treated, and there is some inverse correlation between the NAP score and the absolute neutrophil count. Patients treated intensively developed high NAP scores. Elective splenectomy performed during the chronic phase of CGL is followed by a pronounced but transient neutrophilia and a concurrent striking rise in the NAP score. Similar changes were observed in patients without CGL who underwent splenectomy. These observations can be explained by assuming that newly formed neutrophils in CGL have a normal content of NAP but are rapidly sequestered in non-circulating extramedullary pools, whereas the circulating neutrophil with a typically low NAP content is a relatively aged cell which has lost enzyme activity. In subjects with or without CGL, removal of the spleen, a major site of such pooling, temporarily permits the circulation of newly formed neutrophils but eventually other organs assume the sequestering functions of the spleen. Thus the aberrations of NAP score seen in CGL might be attributable not to an intrinsic cellular defect but to an exaggeration of the granulocyte storage phenomena which also occur in subjects without CGL.
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PMID:Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase score in chronic granulocytic leukaemia: effects of splenectomy and antileukaemic drugs. 105 40

Co-culture in agar of normal bone marrow cells from different individuals gave granulocyte macrophage colony counts that were expected from counts made when the marrows were cultured separately. Co-culture of normal marrow with normal peripheral blood leucocytes (which did not themselves give rise to colonies) caused inhibition of colony growth only when the ratio of peripheral blood to bone marrow cells was of the order of 4 : 1. Peripheral blood or bone marrow cells from 7 of 9 patients with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia, which did not give rise to colonies, caused a marked reduction in the number of colonies obtained from normal marrow cells when cultured with them. This inhibitory effect of leukaemic cells was found when ratios of leukaemic to normal cells were as low as 1 : 4. Additional evidence that the inhibition of normal colony formation was related to the leukaemic process was obtained from follow-up studies on one of the patients whose cells lost the capacity to inhibit normal colony formation during remission and became inhibitory again on relapse.
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PMID:Inhibition of normal human in vitro colony forming cells by cells from leukaemic patients. 105 36

The unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity of whole serum (UBBC) and of the three transcobalamins (TC) has been studied in patients with various haematological diseases including myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) and acute leukaemia. The binding capacity of TC I and TC III was increased in MPD; TC I being particularly high in chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and TC III especially raised in polycythaemia rubra vera (PRV) and in infectious leucocytosis. The binding capacity of both TC I and TC III correlated with blood neutrophil count and the ratio TC III/TC I was low in CGL and increased in PRV. TC II was increased in acute myelogenous leukaemia, during remission and blast cell crisis of CGL and in refractory anaemia with excess of myeloblasts but not in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). TC II correlated inversely with blood neutrophil count. There is an inverse ratio between TC II and TC I at least in myelogenous leukaemia. These abnormalities are discussed in relation to granulocyte kinetics. TC III and TC I reflect probably the total body granulocyte pool and share some biochemical and immunological properties supporting the view that they have a common origin in the more mature stages of the granulocyte cell line while TC II probably originates partly in more primitive granulocytes.
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PMID:The three transcobalamins in myeloproliferative disorders and acute leukaemia. 105 79

The diagnosis and successful control of systemic Aspergillus niger infection in 2 adult patients with acute leukemia is reported. During induction therapy, the first patient developed pulmonary infiltrates, skin lesions and abnormal liver function tests. Aspergillus niger was found on skin and liver biopsy. This patient was successfully treated with Amphotericin B and granulocyte transfusions and he remains in remission. The second patient developed a pneumonitis and adynamic ileus with positive sputum and stool cultures for Aspergillus niger. The infection only responded to Amphotericin B and granulocyte transfusions and the leukemia to cytoreductive chemotherapy. The patient later relapsed and died after a febrile illness. Fungi morpholocially consistent with Aspergillus were found in the liver at autopsy. Infection with A. niger is rare even in this patient population; however fungal infections have become an increasing problem. The need for a high index of suspicion, especially when an infection is unresponsive to antibacterial antibiotics, the various diagnostic tools, and the need for aggressive therapy are stressed. Amphotericin B is the chemotherapy of choice but may be insufficient in a severely neutropenic host where the simultaneous use of granulocyte transfusions might be lifesaving.
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PMID:Successful control of systemic Aspergillus niger infections in two patients with acute leukemia. 106 May 8

Observations in six adult patients with leukaemic differential white counts, predominantly mature-celled, and with hepatosplenomegaly show that the mature-celled but fulminant (para-)neutrophil leukaemia must be differentiated from Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia. This (para-)neutrophil leukaemia is probably identical with the previously described atypical chronic myelosis of the adult, chronic myeloid leukaemia of childhood and the Pelger-like chronic myeloid leukaemia. Cardinal signs are a mature-celled differential count, short life expectancy (1 year), initial platelet deficiency, increased activity of granulocyte alkaline phosphatase, absence of Ph1-chromosome, and poor therapeutic response to busulfan. This curious and yet apparently not uncommon disease has been observed in the adult age group predominantly in men. The frequently high HbF level observed in juvenile chronic myeloid leukaemia could not be demonstrated in adults. Some of these neutrophil leukaemias are characterized by medullary fibrosis and terminal increase of immature blast cells (blast crises?) of which the diagnostic reliability is still disputed.
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PMID:[Differential diagnosis of atypical chronic myeloid leukaemia]. 106 23

Bone marrow and spleen cells from early, midstage, and terminal Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV-A)-infected erythroleukemic mice were assessed for granulocyte stem cell (CFU-c) clongenic capacity in the semisolid agar culture assay. It was found that marrow CFU-c concentrations exceeded normal in early stages of this erythroid disease but returned to near normal values during mid- and terminal phases. Splenic CFU-c concentrations, on the other hand, were generally higher than control values for all stages of the disease. These results are discussed with reference to the pathogenesis of RLV-A disease.
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PMID:In vitro granulocytic stem cell clonogenic capacity of marrow and spleen cells from mice infected with Rauscher leukemia virus. 106 36

Therapy with vincristine and prednisone (VP) has produced remissions in 30% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast transformation (CML-BT). The possibility that therapy with VP can adversely affect the production of mature granulocytes in this setting has not been appreciated, as these drugs are generally considered free of myelotoxicity. In this report we review eight courses of VP administered to three patients with CML-BT. Granulocytopenia developed following all five courses in which granulocyte counts were normal prior to therapy; granulocytopenia worsened in two of three courses in patients who were granulocytopenic prior to therapy. Progressive leukemia in the marrow was excluded as a cause of granulocytopenia. It is important to recognize that VP therapy rather than disease progression may be a cause of granulocytopenia in CML-BT.
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PMID:Myelotoxicity of vincristine-prednisone therapy in treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia in blastic transformation. 107 Feb 35

We describe two assays to detect the action of colony-inhibiting cells. In the first assay, we used a simple density separation technique to remove dense neutrophils (PMN) from suspensions of blood and of bone marrow cells prior to culture in semisolid agar. Conditions were arranged to ensure that control suspensions of unseparated cells and test suspensions of buoyant mononuclear cells differed only in their content of neutrophils. The control and test suspensions contained equal numbers of mononuclear cells (and granulocyte precursors). Colony (and cluster) formation was invariably enhanced in neutrophil-depleted cultures of normal cells. In the second assay, dense PMN, treated by an adherence separation procedure, were recovered, and the non-adherent dense PMN were added back to PMN-depleted cultures. A reproducible dose-related decrease in colony (and cluster) formation to basal levels resulted. The inhibitory effect was identical when the PMN were added directly to the culture (overlayer) or to the underlayer. In PMN-depleted cultures obtained from patients with leukemia and other hemopoietic disorders, neither colony nor cluster formation was enhanced, and sometimes it was reduced. When we compared the effect of adding patient and normal non-adherent PMN to target cultures of normal and patient PMN-depleted cells, some leukemic PMN were noninhibitory. Our results suggest that abnormalities of cellular interactions in vitro detected in the first assay may have more than one explanation, as shown when they are subjected to the closer scrutiny possible with the second assay.
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PMID:In vitro regulation of granulopoiesis in human leukemia: application of an assay for colony-inhibiting cells. 108 80

A human cell line established in culture from a histiocytic lymphoma patient synthesizes and secretes the monocyte-granulocyte specific enzyme lysozyme. 18 other human cell lines with characteristics of T-lymphocyte, B-lymphocyte, Burkitt's lymphoma, non-Burkitt's lymphoma, myeloma, and bone marrow epithelial cells were not associated with lysozyme. Among murine cell lines, lysozyme was produced by (a) three histiocytic lymphoma or macrophage lines, which mediate antibody-dependent phagocytosis and cytolysis; (b) myelomonocytic leukemia line which also secretes myeloid colony-stimulating factor; and (c) a spontaneous lymphoma and an Abelson leukemia virus-induced lymphoma. Lysozyme-negative lines include another Abelson lymphoma, myelomas, T lymphomas, and mastocytoma.
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PMID:Lysozyme synthesis by established human and murine histiocytic lymphoma cell lines. 108 90


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