Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By use of the continuous-flow blood-cell separator 137 bags of granulocyte-rich plasma were obtained from normal donors (59 bags) and patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (C.G.L.) (78 bags). Eighty-nine courses of granulocyte transfusion therapy consisting of 1 or more such bags were administered to forty-one ABO-compatible patients with acute leukaemia or aplastic anaemia, who had definite or probable infections that had failed to respond to antibiotics. The fever resolved after 67% of courses of transfusions of two or more bags but after only 24% of transfusions of single bags of granulocytes (p less than 0-01), and this result suggests that this form of treatment is in general effective. Granulocytes from C.G.L. and normal donors were equally effective, although transfusion reactions were commoner after C.G.L. cells (33% versus 12%, respectively, p less than 0-05). C.G.L. grafts, and probable graft-versus-host disease, occurred in three recipients of unirradiated C.G.L. cells. Recipients of normal cells whose fevers resolved received on average four times as many granulocytes per sq.m. as those fevers did not respond. No such difference was found when C.G.L. cells were used. The fever was more likely to resolve in recipients with established or clinically probable bacterial or fungal infections than in those with fever of uncertain cause. Fever was less likely to resolve in recipients with peripheral blood granulocyte counts before transfusion of greater than 1000 per mul. It is concluded that granulocyte transfusion therapy is a valuable advance in the management of infections in neutropenic patients.
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PMID:Granulocyte transfusions in treatment of infections in patients with acute leukaemia and aplastic anaemia. 4 10

A total of 23 leukaphereses were performed on five normal, healthy donors for the purpose of providing granulocyte transfusions to septic leukemia patients with granulocytopenia. Dexamethasone 7.25 to 7.50 mg was given orally 10 to 12 hours prior to each donation, and an average of 304 ml of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) was given intravenously during each procedure. During the period of observation for each donor, there was no significant change of total leukocyte and platelet counts, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatse, LDH, SGOT, creatinine, BUN, and uric acid determinations. Changes in the concentrations of serum protein, albumin, cholesterol, and glucose were thought to be due to hemodilution. Partial thromboplastin and prothrombin times remained within normal limits following collection procedures. Hemoglobin levels decreased transiently following the first three leukaphereses in all donors, but fell progressively to 11.8 gm/dl in one donor undergoing seven procedures in a 35-day period. Dexamethasone and HES in these doses can be given safely to multiply leukapheresed donors.
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PMID:The safety of dexamethasone and hydroxyethyl starch in the multiply leukapheresed donor. 5 93

Thirty episodes of infection in severely neutropenic children with acute leukaemia and aplastic anaemia resistant to antibiotics were treated with total of 51 granulocyte transfusions collected from normal donors by means of an Aminco continuous flow cell separator. The mean granulocyte increment in the recipients was 820/mm3 at 1 hour and 307/mm3 at 15 hours post-transfusion and it showed a correlation with the number of cells transfused, the size of the child, and his pretransfusion granulocyte count. Fifteen (50%) episodes responded clinically by 24 hours and 23 (77%) by 5 days post-transfusion. Two more children recovered more slowly and 5 died. Poor response was associated with multiple-site infections and with a prolonged period of infection before granulocyte transfusion, but the primary diagnosis did not influence the outcome. We conclude that granulocyte transfusion significantly reduces the mortality and morbidity from infection in neutropenic children with acute leukaemia.
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PMID:Granulocyte transfusion in treatment of infected neutropenic children. 6 Sep 17

Normal human granulocyte alloantigens were found on chronic myelogenous, acute myeloblastic leukemia cells, and a cell line of chronic myeloblastic origin (K562). Antigens were detected by human antisera positive for normal peripheral blood granulocytes but devoid of HLA activity. Very few acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells reacted positively, and none of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells seemed to bear granulocyte surface antigens. The recognition of these normal tissue isoantigens on myeloblastic leukemia cells is a necessary prerequisite for the identification of "leukemia-specific" of "leukemia-associated" antigens.
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PMID:Human granulocyte antigens detected on leukemia cells and a chronic myelogenous cell line. 7 3

Blood and bone-marrow smears from adult patients with acute leukemias were stained for esterase reaction, consecutively with naphthol AS D-chloracetate (chloracetate esterase) followed by alpha naphthyl butyrate (nonspecific esterase). The two substrates were, respectively, granulocyte- and monocyte-specific. By this method three subgroups of acute nonlymphocytic leukemias could be distinguished. Leukemic cells may be positive for either chloracetate esterase or nonspecific esterases, and the authors believe these two subgroups represent "true" granulocytic and "pure" monocytic leukemias. In a third group, leukemic cells contained both esterases in the same cell, and it is believed this group may represent "true" myelomonocytic leukemias. In the majority of patients in this group, leukemia evolved from a preleukemic phase. When only Romanowsky-stained smears are used, the monocytoid feature and absolute elevated monocyte counts in acute granulocytic leukemia may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of the leukemia as acute myelomonocytic leukemia. This happened in five of the 13 cases in the study. The presence of granulocyte- and monocyte-specific esterases in a single cell supports the concept of a common origin of granulocytes and monocytes. The authors conclude that the combined esterase reaction can distinguish among acute granulocytic leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, and acute myelomonocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Cytochemical diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia. 8 77

The granulocytes of 23 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia were examined in the indirect immunofluorescence test and some also in the microleucoagglutination test, with specific alloantisera against the NA1, NA2, NB1 and ND1 antigens and a specific granulocyte xenoantiserum. In 10 cases a complete loss of alloantigens was detected. In one patient a partial loss was found. A significant correlation was established between this loss and an accelerated activity (impending blast crisis) of the disease.
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PMID:Granulocyte-specific alloantigen loss in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. 9 90

Granulocyte chalone is a cell line-specific, species non-specific regulator substance, which inhibits cell proliferation in the granulocyte system in a reversible manner. The existence and specificity of action of this substance has been shown both in vitro and in vivo in widely different assay conditions and using a broad spectrum of assay techniques. Granulocyte chalone inhibits cell proliferation in the transit populations of the granulocyte system; it seems to act at the level of cell membrane and divert cells from the G1 phase to the "G0" phase with some direct or indirect effect on S phase cells as well. The substance is non-cytotoxic and it has no detectable effect on any other tissue than normal and leukaemic granulocytes even after long-lasting in vivo treatment. Granulocyte chalone offers an exciting potential for the treatment of myeloid leukaemia and, therefore, the substance is of more than academic interest.
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PMID:Biology of the granulocyte chalone. 13 Jan 44

This study reports results from the first clinical tests in which 7 patients with myeloid leukaemia (5 acute and 2 chronic leukaemias in metamorphosis) were treated from 4 to 45 days with granulocyte chalone, the tissue-specific endogenous inhibitor of granulopoiesis. It was observed that i.v. injection of partially purified chalone inhibits proliferation of leukaemic, and presumably also normal granulocytic cells, leaving all other cell types unaffected. Inhibition of leukaemic growth was distinct in 6 of the 7 patients; in 5 cases the inhibition was followed by acutal regression of the leukaemia, lasting up to several months in the absence of any maintenance therapy, and in one case the treatment led to a complete remission. Chalone treatment also resulted in an enhancement of erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis, and in phenomena some of which were totally unexpected, such as immunostimulation and a remarkable resistance to bacterial infections in the presence of extreme granulocytopenia. This study shows that granulocyte chalone is biologically active against myeloid leukaemia in man, but not that the therapeutic value of the impure chalone is superior to modern cytostatic drugs. Long-term therapeutic trials were not possible with the partially purified preparations available, mainly because of side-effects which prevented adequate dosing.
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PMID:Effect of granulocyte chalone on acute and chronic granulocytic leukaemia in man. Report of seven cases. 13 71

The present survey of the development of the granulocytes consists of two parts. In the first section the different stages of granulopoiesis are discussed with special regard to the stem cells. In the second one the regulation of the granulopoiesis and the different factors taking part in the homeostasis of the granulocytes are examined. Emphasis is placed upon the colony stimulating activity" (CSA) previously tested in different situations of stress in relationship to the granulopoietic system. In a separate chapter some marked clinical syndromes are discussed which accompany disorders of granulocyte-homeostasis. The pathogenesis of leukaemia is reviewed.
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PMID:[Kinetics and regulation of granulocytopoiesis (author's transl)]. 13 1

The ingestion, bactericidal activity and metabolism of isolated mature neutrophil leucocytes during phagocytosis was studied in 17 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) with the simultaneous use of normal controls. Seven patients had received no treatment and the others had been treated previously with Busulphan. The phagocytic indices for killed yeast cells did not differ from those of the controls. A diminished bactericidal activity against E. coli was found in nine CGL cases. The bactericidal capacity closely correlated with the degree of leucocytosis since patients with a WBC count of 90 000/mul or higher with one exception showed decreased bactericidal activities while patients with WBC counts below 90 000/mul with two exceptions showed normal bactericidal activities. The [I-14C]-glucose oxidation during phagocytosis was increased in four patients and decreased in three patients. Some correlation was found between abnormally high or low [I-14C]glucose oxidation and diminished bactericidal activity. The intracellular iodination reaction during phagocytosis was decreased in 10 cases while the extracellular iodination was increased in six cases and decreased in one case. The data for granulocyte iodination did not correlate with WBC count, bactericidal capacity or [I-14C]glucose oxidation. The time course for the bactericidal activity and granulocyte iodination seemed to deviate from the controls indicating a slow initial ingestion and/or degranulation phase. The CGL granulocyte content of myeloperoxidase was normal or increased, the lysozyme content was decreased in half of the cases while the amount of antibacterial cationic proteins was increased, normal or low. The present findings indicate a variety of abnormalities in the mature CGL granulocyte, which are not closely interrelated.
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PMID:Granulocyte function in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. I. Bactericidal and metabolic capabilities during phagocytosis in isolated granulocytes. 17 9


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