Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Measurements of gonad doses in intravenous urography (IVU) was performed on 47 children and in micturition cysto-urethrography (MCU) on 57 children. Ionization chamber dosimeters were placed rectally in girls and fixed on the scrotum in boys. Gonad dose ranged from 27 mrad to 201 mrad in girls and from 7 mrad to 112 mrad in boys during IVU; during MCU doses ranged from 53 mrad to 1900 mrad in girls and form 24 mrad to 309 mrad in boys. Risk of leukemia and genetic risk were calculated.
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PMID:Radiation gonad doses received by children in intravenous urography and micturition cysto-urethrography. 47 61

Sixteen cases of spontaneous necrotizing infection of the anorectum and perineum are described. Thirteen patients had clostridial infections and three had infections with nonclostridial organisms. Six patients were diabetic and two had leukemia. All 16 patients presented with pain, tenderness, swelling, and crepitation. Four had an ominous black spot on the scrotum or posterior labia. Shortly after initial recognition by the patient, all infections rapidly disseminated to include all surrounding areas such as the external genitalia, the anterior abdominal wall, and thighs. Treatment consisted of radical debridement and antibiotics; hyperbaric oxygen was used in the clostridial cases. Ten of the 16 patients survived. Delayed diagnosis and delayed treatment were the primary factors responsible for death.
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PMID:Necrotizing anorectal and perineal infections. 48 75

An unusual case of a 44-year-old patient with primary left testicular granulocytic sarcoma is presented. Iliac and paraaortic lymph node involvement was also demonstrated at staging laparotomy. The patient was treated with left orchiectomy and early intensive chemotherapy, but relapsed with a right testicular mass 14 months later. No evidence of leukemic progression was found at that time, and he was treated with right orchiectomy, combined with irradiation to the scrotum, inguinal, iliac and paraaortic lymph nodes. Unfortunately, he developed myelogenous leukemia 7 months later. A complete remission of 6 months duration was achieved with combination chemotherapy. The patient then relapsed, and an effort to induce a second remission was unsuccessful. He eventually died almost 3 years after initial diagnosis. We conclude that primary granulocytic sarcoma represents a systemic disease. Despite early intensive treatment its prognosis remains poor.
Leukemia 1994 Jan
PMID:Primary granulocytic sarcoma of the testis. 828 89

Thyroid cancer incidence rates have increased steadily in the United States and elsewhere. Radiation exposure at a young age is a strong risk factor, but otherwise the etiology is unclear. To explore etiologic clues, we studied the risk of thyroid cancer after an earlier primary cancer, as well as the risk of developing multiple primaries after an earlier thyroid cancer in the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER) cancer registries program (1973-2000). In 2,036,597 patients diagnosed with any invasive cancer who survived for a minimum of 2 months, we observed a 42% increased risk compared to the general population for second thyroid cancer based on 1,366 cases (95% confidence interval (CI) = 35-50%; excess absolute risk (EAR) = 0.38/10,000 person-years (PY)). Elevated risks were observed after most cancer sites studied. The most pronounced excess (observed/expected (O/E) = 2.86) was seen for second thyroid cancers detected in the year after diagnosis of the first cancer. Among 29,456 2-month thyroid cancer survivors, 2,214 second cancers occurred (O/E = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.06-1.15; EAR = 7.64/10,000 PY). Again, the highest risk was seen in the first year (O/E = 1.26). Patients <40 years of age at diagnosis of thyroid cancer had a 39% increased risk of a second cancer, whereas for older patients the risk was elevated 6%. We observed consistently increased risks for cancers of the breast, prostate, and kidney, and a likely radiation treatment-related excess of leukemia. Based on small numbers of cases, cancers of the salivary glands, trachea, scrotum, adrenal glands, and brain and central nervous system (CNS) also occurred in excess. A decreased risk was observed for smoking-related malignancies. Thyroid cancer is associated with primary cancers of many different organs. Although enhanced medical surveillance likely plays a role, 2-way, positive associations between thyroid cancer and cancers of the breast, prostate, kidney, salivary glands, brain and CNS, scrotum, and leukemia suggest etiologic similarities and possible treatment effects.
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PMID:Thyroid cancer and multiple primary tumors in the SEER cancer registries. 1588 Mar 72

Cutaneous manifestations of acute promyelocytic leukemia are rare but well documented. Skin biopsies of leukemia can be difficult to confirm using morphology alone, and paraffin section immunophenotyping is not specific in separating acute promyelocytic leukemia from other acute myeloid leukemias involving the skin or inflammatory conditions, such as Sweet's syndrome and all-trans retinoic acid-associated genital ulcers, which may mimic leukemia cutis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has been shown to be a fast and effective method of detecting the PML/RARA fusion gene characteristic of acute promyelocytic leukemia in fresh blood and bone marrow samples. Fluorescence in situ hybridization has also been demonstrated to be effective in detecting other chromosomal rearrangements in paraffin-embedded tissue. This retrospective study of cutaneous lesions from four patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia evaluates the utility of performing fluorescence in situ hybridization to confirm the presence of cutaneous manifestations of acute promyelocytic leukemia in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin biopsies. All patients had previous bone marrow findings of acute promyelocytic leukemia with characteristic morphology, immunophenotype, and cytogenetic studies, which detailed the presence of the t(15;17)(q22;q12) rearrangement. Two skin biopsies showed an infiltrate of blastic cells involving the dermis in a diffuse pattern and one biopsy had a perivascular/periadnexal pattern. The fourth case, involving the scrotum, showed a predominant neutrophilic infiltrate diffusely involving the dermis and epidermis with a subset of blastic cells. Nuclei were extracted from core biopsies of the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed using a dual color, dual fusion PML / RARA probe. All cases showed evidence of the t(15;17) rearrangement, with 90, 79, 51 and 16% positive signal patterns, each well above background limits. Fluorescence in situ hybridization appears to be a robust technique to detect cutaneous manifestations of acute promyelocytic leukemia in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin biopsies.
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PMID:Fluorescence in situ hybridization investigation of cutaneous lesions in acute promyelocytic leukemia. 1605 48

There are 4 types of plasma-cell neoplasia: classic multiple myeloma (MM), extramedullary plasmacytoma without MM, solitary plasmacytoma of bone, and plasma-cell leukemia. Cutaneous involvement may be seen in all 4 types of plasma-cell neoplasia. Specific cutaneous involvement in patients with MM is very uncommon. It usually occurs in late stages of MM as a reflection of increased tumor cell burden. Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) of the skin is a well-recognized, extremely rare, occurrence in MM. Extramedullary plasmacytomas of the skin can be divided into primary cutaneous plasmacytoma (PCP) and metastatic cutaneous plasmacytoma (MCP). Primary cutaneous plasmacytoma is defined as monoclonal proliferation of plasma-cells that arises primarily in the skin without evidence of systemic disease. In contrast to PCP, MCP arises from lymphatic or vascular spread of tumour or, more frequently, by direct extension from underlying bone lesions. Chest, back and abdomen are the most frequently involved areas followed by face, scalp, neck and extremities. Unusual localizations have been described related to MCP, including scrotum, eyelid and tongue. In literature, no cases of MCP presenting as a perianal giant mass have ever been reported. To our knowledge, we describe the first case of MCP located on the perianal area.
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PMID:Metastatic cutaneous plasmacytoma presenting as a perianal giant mass. 1906 99

The current epidemiology and clinicopathologic features of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the scrotum are largely unknown because of its low incidence. We describe the histopathologic features, immunohistochemistry, and human papillomavirus (HPV) status of 29 patients with scrotal SCC. The mean age at presentation was 55 years (range, 30 to 74 y). White to black ratio was 1.9:1. There was no predominant occupation, with the majority being white-collar professionals. Clinical history of condylomas was present in 5 patients, and 7 patients had a history of multiple skin cancers including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and other SCCs. Other comorbidities included human immunodeficiency virus infection (n=2), kidney transplant (n=1), leukemia/lymphoma (n=2), hidradenitis suppurativa (n=1), chronic scrotal infections with abscess (n=1), inflamed epidermal inclusion cyst (n=1), and lichen planus (n=1). One patient had a history of regular tanning bed use. Morphologically, the majority was usual type (n=17), followed by basaloid (n=7) and warty (n=5). Nineteen cases were in situ, and 10 were invasive. Three patients had inguinal lymphadenopathy; in 1, metastasis was confirmed. Suprabasal nuclear staining for Ki67 was considered positive. For p16, a continuous band of nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was considered positive, and a noncontinuous or absence of staining was considered negative. p16 was positive in 10 cases; high-risk HPV was confirmed in 7 cases. Ki67 was positive in 8/17 (47%) usual, 6/7 (85.7%) basaloid, and 3/5 (60%) warty type. p53 was positive in 5/17 (29.4%) usual, 2/7 (28.6%) basaloid, and 1/5 (20%) warty type. All patients were treated with local excision only; 13 had positive margins. Three patients were treated with imiquimod after local excision. The median follow-up was 30 months. Three patients recurred and were treated with re-excision; 1 patient received radiotherapy. Overall, the morphologic, immunohistochemical, and HPV studies show that, similar to SCC of the vulva or penis, the SCC of the scrotum can be divided into 2 major groups. Group 1 (38.5%): positive for p16 and elevated Ki67. This group is associated with HPV infection and displays predominantly a basaloid or warty morphology, although a number of them are of usual type. Group 2 (61.5%): negative for p16. This group has variable Ki67 expression, is consistently negative for HPV, and displays predominantly usual-type morphology. SCC of the scrotum in the United States currently affects primarily white-collar professionals. The majority present with in situ lesions, and the high rate of positive margins at first excision suggests that they are clinically ill-defined lesions. No longer are occupational exposures to carcinogens the major etiology of scrotal SCC. Rather in contemporary times, common risk factors include HPV infection, immunocompromised states, and chronic scrotal inflammatory conditions.
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PMID:Squamous neoplasia of the scrotum: a series of 29 cases. 2461 7

A 13-yr-old intact male cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) presented for evaluation after a 4-mo history of intermittent lethargy and increased expiratory effort. The clinical signs were initially noted after the diagnosis and death of its 13-yr-old male sibling with solitary hepatic T-cell lymphoma. Physical examination findings included thin body condition, harsh lung sounds, peripheral lymphadenopathy, and a cutaneous mass on the right medial tarsus and scrotum. Excisional biopsies diagnosed well-differentiated cutaneous hemangiosarcomas. Thoracic radiographs revealed a cranial mediastinal mass. Complete blood count and serum biochemical analyses showed a leukocytosis with persistent lymphocytosis, progressive azotemia, and markedly elevated alkaline phosphatase. Because of the cheetah's declining quality of life, euthanasia was elected. Postmortem examination, histopathology, and immunohistochemical staining revealed multicentric T-cell lymphoma. Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, FeLV polymerase chain reaction (whole blood), and viral metagenomic analysis were negative. This is the first case of cutaneous hemangiosarcoma and multicentric T-cell lymphoma reported in a FeLV-negative cheetah.
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PMID:MULTICENTRIC T-CELL LYMPHOMA AND CUTANEOUS HEMANGIOSARCOMA IN A CAPTIVE CHEETAH (ACINONYX JUBATUS). 2666 62

A 27-year-old male presented with a gradually increasing left scrotal mass. There was no significant past medical history. Ultrasonography of the left scrotum showed a hypoechoic, intratesticular mass with solid and cystic components. Laboratory investigations revealed normal serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein, beta human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate dehydrogenase. He underwent left high inguinal orchidectomy due to suspicion of testicular malignancy. After histopathologic examination and immunostaining, a diagnosis of high-grade primary testicular leimyosarcoma was ascertained. Only a few cases of primary intratesticular leiomyosarcoma have been reported in literature with the mean age of presentation of 50 years. In younger individuals, these tumors have been reported in a setting of predisposing factors like anabolic steroid use, testicular germ cell tumors, chronic inflammation of testis and testicular field radiation for treatment of leukemia. We present a case of high grade leiomyosarcoma of testis in a young male without any known predisposing factors.
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PMID:Primary high grade testicular leiomyosarcoma: A rare malignancy in a young male. 2951 90