Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bone-marrow autotransplantation consists of the administration of extremely high doses of chemotherapy and/or radiation followed by "rescue" with autologous, cryopreserved, bone-marrow cells. This approach can produce responses unattainable with conventional doses of similar agents. Bone-marrow autotransplantation is increasingly being done. This report summarises data from 2570 patients receiving autotransplants at 43 centres worldwide for haematological malignancies and solid tumours; more than 50% of these transplants were done since 1984. Most transplants were performed for treatment of lymphoma, leukaemia, lung cancer, melanoma, neuroblastoma, and breast cancer. Preliminary analyses indicate favourable responses in some tumour types and provide a basis for future investigations.
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PMID:Bone-marrow autotransplantation in man. Report of an international cooperative study. 287 40

We have examined the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene for structural alterations in fresh human tumors. DNA samples from 92 patients with solid tumors (lung cancer, 37; breast cancer, 24; head and neck cancer, 17; other tumors, 14) were analyzed and compared with those from 22 leukemia patients and 14 individuals without malignant neoplasms. When DNA samples were digested with HindIII restriction endonuclease, Southern blot analysis demonstrated 3 distinct polymorphic bands (9.8, 11, and 12 kilobases) after hybridization to the HER-A64-1 probe and another 2 distinct polymorphic bands (4.9 and 5.2 kilobases) after hybridization to the HER-A64-3 probe. Pedigree analysis of 43 members of a single family and comparative analysis of tumor and normal DNA samples from the same patients demonstrated that the variations in fragment size observed were due to 2 independent restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the region of the EGF receptor gene. Amplification of the EGF receptor gene was detected in 3 cases of breast cancer, but not in other tumors studied. We conclude that the human EGF receptor gene has multiple restriction fragment length polymorphisms and that in fresh human tumor samples rearrangement and amplification of the gene occur infrequently, if ever, within the region encompassed by the 2 complementary DNA probes used.
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PMID:Multiple restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the human epidermal growth factor receptor gene. 289 88

Mortality among 5145 nonwhite men in a local meatcutters' union in Baltimore who were observed between July 1949 and December 1980, was compared with that of nonwhite men of the United States general population, through the estimation of standardized mortality ratios. The study population had potential for exposure to viruses that cause leukemia and lymphoma in cattle and chickens, and other harmful agents. Statistically significant standardized mortality ratios of 2.1 for lung cancer and 3.1 for cancer of the esophagus were observed among workers in abattoirs and meatpacking plants, respectively. The results obtained are consistent with findings for white male and female members of the same union, and with other published data.
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PMID:Mortality among nonwhite men in the meat industry. 291 12

The 1916 painters and the 1948 electricians who resided in the Canton of Geneva at the time of the 1970 census were identified and followed up to 1984. During the study period 121 disability pensions were awarded to painters and 59 to electricians. Age standardised incidence of disability per 1000 man-years at risk was higher among painters than among electricians for all neuropsychiatric causes (1.23/1000 and 0.68/1000, respectively) and for all other causes (5.50/1000 and 3.41/1000, respectively). No case of presenile dementia was diagnosed among painters. There was inadequate evidence to indicate that the higher risk of neuropsychiatric disability for painters might have been due to their occupational exposure to organic solvents. A possible toxic effect of these substances on the central nervous system was confounded with alcoholism which was associated with disability from neuropsychiatric disease in 12 of 20 painters and in only one of 10 electricians. Mortality and incidence of cancer were assessed among both cohorts and compared with the expected figures calculated from Geneva rates. Among painters there was a significant increase in overall mortality (O = 254, E = 218.5), in mortality from all cancers (O = 96, E = 75.4), and in incidence from all cancers (O = 159, E = 132.0). For the specific cancer sites, there was a significant excess risk for lung cancer (mortality: O = 40, E = 23.0), which was possibly related to occupational exposure to asbestos and to zinc chromate, although cigarette smoking was not controlled. The significant excesses of biliary tract cancer and of bladder cancer were in accordance with previous observations among painters from other countries. There was also a significant increase in incidence from testicular cancer (O=5, E=1.6), which has not been reported before. For causes of death other than cancer the excesses for alcoholism (O=5, E=0.8). for liver cirrhosis (O=14, E=8.8), for motor vehicle accidents (O=12, E=5.9), and for cerebrovascular disease when allowing for ten years of latency (O=8, E=4.0), were consistent with a probable increased risk of alcohol abuse. Among electricians overall mortality was similar to that expected (O=137, E=139.0). No significant excess risk was found for all cancers or for any specific cancer site. Because of the small number of expected deaths the statistical power was low for the assessment of a possible risk for leukaemia or for brain tumour.
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PMID:Disability, mortality, and incidence of cancer among Geneva painters and electricians: a historical prospective study. 292 Jan 39

The distribution of mortality from 11 causes of death (lymphoid leukaemia, other leukaemia, leukaemia of all types, Hodgkin's disease, other lymphomas, all lymphomas, multiple myeloma, lung cancer, other malignancies, all malignancies and all other causes) has been examined in three age groups throughout England and Wales over the period 1969-78. The reorganisation of local authority administration in 1974 meant that the smallest areas that could be examined were 400 county districts or (in some cases) approximate county districts formed by aggregating pre-1974 local authority areas. The variation in the numbers of deaths observed about the numbers expected was assessed using log-linear models to estimate the effect on the relative risk in each district associated with social class, rural status, population size, health authority region and proximity to one of 15 nuclear installations. Trends in risk with increasing proximity to an installation (as judged by the proportion of the population resident within 10 miles) were examined after adjustment for the other four variables. The results showed that in districts near to an installation there were significant excess mortalities in persons under 25 years of age from leukaemia (RR = 1.15, P = 0.01) and especially from lymphoid leukaemia (RR 1.21, P = 0.01) and from Hodgkin's disease (RR 1.24, P = 0.05) and a significant deficiency of mortality from lymphoid leukaemia in persons aged 25-64 years. No significant trends were observed with an increasing proportion of the population near to the installations and the greatest excess mortality from lymphoid leukaemia in young persons was observed in the districts with the intermediate proportion of the population (10.0-65.9%) near an installation.
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PMID:Geographical variation in mortality from leukaemia and other cancers in England and Wales in relation to proximity to nuclear installations, 1969-78. 293 Jul 18

The diagnosis related groups system developed to pay for Medicare services under prospective payment has certain built-in constraints, owing to limitations in the data available at the time. To identify additional dimensions potentially relevant to case mix, we used a multivariate grouping model-"Grade of Membership"-on discharge records for patients 65 years of age and older hospitalized in Maryland in 1981 with diagnoses of breast cancer, leukemia, or lung cancer. We found that five dimensions are required to accurately type patients: prognosis, disease severity, the interaction effect of multiple illnesses, admission status, and treatment strategy. We also found that at least three possible stages of treatment can be identified and classified. We discuss the implications of our findings for DRG classification, administrative billing records, and the ICD-9 system.
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PMID:The complexity of chronic disease at later ages: practical implications for prospective payment and data collection. 294 80

A case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia following cytotoxic therapy for an oat cell carcinoma of the lung in a 48-year-old man is reported. This case is characterized by a long phase of increasing macrocytosis during cyclophosphamide maintenance therapy. 15 other cases of secondary leukemia to lung cancer from the literature are reviewed. All patients received alkylating agents. Most patients showed peripheral blood changes more than 3 months before the onset of acute leukemia. All leukemia cases, except one, were nonlymphocytic with a high frequency of erythroleukemia. The development of acute leukemia seems to be linked with an unexpected good response to chemotherapy in advanced or poor histologic prognosis cancers. With therapeutic improvement in lung cancer, secondary leukemia could become a major hazard as in other cancers successfully treated with cytotoxic agents.
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PMID:Acute leukemia secondary to lung cancer. Case report and review of the literature. 298 68

Altered structure and regulation of the c-myc proto-oncogene have been associated with a variety of human tumours and derivative cell lines, including Burkitt's lymphoma, promyelocytic leukaemia and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The N-myc gene, first detected by its homology to the second exon of the c-myc gene, is amplified and/or expressed in tumours or cell lines derived from neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma and SCLC. Here we describe a third myc-related gene (L-myc) cloned from SCLC DNA with homology to a small region of both the c-myc and N-myc genes. Human genomic DNA shows an EcoRI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of L-myc defined by two alleles (10.0- and 6.6-kilobase (kb) EcoRI fragments), neither associated disproportionately with SCLC. Mouse and hamster DNAs exhibit a 12-kb EcoRI L-myc homologue, which indicates conservation of the gene in mammals. Gene mapping studies assign L-myc to human chromosome region 1p32, a location distinct from that of either c-myc or N-myc but associated with cytogenetic abnormalities in certain human tumours. This L-myc sequence is amplified 10-20-fold in four SCLC cell line DNAs and in one SCLC tumour specimen taken directly from a patient. Either the 10.0- or 6.6-kb allele can be amplified and in heterozygotes only one of the two alleles was amplified in any SCLC genome. SCLC cell lines with amplified L-myc sequences express L-myc-derived transcripts not seen in SCLC with amplified c-myc or N-myc genes. In addition, some SCLCs without amplification also express L-myc-related transcripts. Together, these findings suggest an enlarging role for myc-related genes in human lung cancer and provide evidence for the concept of a myc family of proto-oncogenes.
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PMID:L-myc, a new myc-related gene amplified and expressed in human small cell lung cancer. 299 22

Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific, irreversible, enzyme-activated inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase activity, the first and rate-limiting step in polyamine biosynthesis, has been shown to inhibit neoplastic cell proliferation in culture. In most cases, such inhibition is not accompanied by cell loss, with the exception of multiple cell lines of human small cell lung carcinoma (SCC), a human leukemia cell line (HL-60), and possibly the B16 melanoma cell line. The first two cell types grow as anchorage-independent suspension cultures, the HL-60 as single cells and the SCC as multicellular spheroid aggregates. Moreover, in the spectrum of human lung carcinoma cells in culture, the SCC cells respond in a cytotoxic manner to DFMO, whereas the non-small cell lung carcinoma (non-SCC) cells, which are anchorage dependent, show only growth inhibition, without actual cell loss. In the present study, we have investigated relationships between anchorage-dependent and -independent growth patterns of cells in culture and their response to DFMO treatment. Two non-SCC lung cancer cell lines, which normally grow as anchorage-dependent monolayers, show growth inhibition but no cell loss with the addition of DFMO. When these anchorage-dependent cells were forced to grow as multicellular aggregates, by coating the culture flask with Teflon, the cells developed an increased sensitivity to DFMO. They showed not only inhibition of cell proliferation but also cell death. Two SCC cell lines, which normally grow as anchorage-independent spheroids, developed adherence to the culture dishes coated with fibronectin. These cells, which show a cytotoxic response to DFMO during normal anchorage-independent growth, developed a decreased sensitivity to DFMO, showing only cell growth inhibition, but no cell death when treated during anchorage-dependent growth. Our data thus suggest that the state of anchorage dependence of lung cancer cells in culture is a critical factor in determining their response to polyamine depletion during treatment with DFMO.
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PMID:Anchorage dependency effects on difluoromethylornithine cytotoxicity in human lung carcinoma cells. 300 7

The bone marrow of 11 patients with small-cell lung cancer, who survived more than two years following combined-modality therapy, was subjected to morphologic, cytogenetic, and bone marrow culture studies. One patient, after a prodrome of anemia and thrombocytopenia, developed acute leukemia 60 months after the start of chemotherapy. Four months before frank leukemia developed, bone marrow culture studies showed a marked inability to form colonies. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated an abnormal clone of cells that included the deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5. No morphologic abnormalities were noted in the bone marrow of any other long-term survivor; however, the mean corpuscular volume of peripheral red blood cells was greater than normal in three of four patients who remain alive and disease free. In one of these patients marrow culture studies also failed to grow colonies. The other patients showed a decreased ability to form multilineage colonies and colonies of the granulocyte-macrophage lineage in vitro compared with a control population. All patients showed some degree of aneuploidy on cytogenetic analysis; in two cases approximately 50% of cells were aneuploid. However, no clonal abnormality was detected in any patient. Follow-up for the development of secondary acute leukemia and other long-term complications continues in these patients.
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PMID:Therapy-related leukemia and myelodysplasia in small-cell lung cancer. Report of a case and results of morphologic, cytogenetic, and bone marrow culture studies in long-term survivors. 301 64


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