Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The interleukins comprise a class of hormones that have a definite known secondary and tertiary structure under physiologic conditions. The interleukin-2 is the leader in T cell differentiation. The interleukin-2 acts via interaction with high affinity, cell bound receptors (IL-2R). High affinity IL-2 receptors are constructed by cooperative binding of IL-2 to both the low affinity (55-Kd chain) and intermediate affinity (75-Kd chain) binding sites. The light (55-Kd) chain of these heterodimeric receptors is identified by monoclonal antibodies as TAC antigen. A soluble form of these receptors is released in the serum and it can be assayed by ELISA. Extraordinarily high levels of IL-2R are characteristic of hairy cell leukaemia. Smaller increases of IL-2R have been reported in other haematological conditions as well as in other disorders including AIDS, organ transplantation etc. Moreover, we have recently demonstrated that IL-2R is elevated in lung cancer.
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PMID:[The interleukin-2 receptor]. 188 56

To follow-up on a proportional mortality study that showed significantly elevated proportional mortality ratios for lung cancer and a subgroup of nonmalignant respiratory diseases, we conducted a cohort mortality study (1950-1987) among 4627 employees of a metal components manufacturing facility. The findings of this study showed lower than expected mortality from all causes of death and all cancers. However, lung cancer mortality was significantly elevated (standardized mortality ratio = 131, 95% confidence interval (102-165), owing to elevated mortality among hourly workers (standardized mortality ratio = 153, 95% confidence interval 118-195). Hourly workers also showed a significantly elevated rate for the residual category "other nonmalignant respiratory disease" (standardized mortality ratio = 170, 95% confidence interval 110-251) and a significant deficit of leukemia (standardized mortality ratio = 16, 95% confidence interval 0-87). Analyses by duration of employment did not show significant trends for any cause of death. Smoking information was not available, but several indirect methods were used to estimate the potential confounding effect of smoking.
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PMID:A cohort study among workers at a metal components manufacturing facility. 194 Dec 86

This paper describes the cellular and tissue distribution of P-glycoprotein (P-GP) (mdr1 gene product), the role of P-GP in vivo and immunodiagnosis of multi-drug-resistant cancers. We mainly used MRK 16 monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactive with P-GP. P-GP was found to be expressed very strongly in the adrenal cortex of adults and strongly in the renal tubules of the kidney, capillary blood vessels of the brain, and also in placenta. Interestingly, P-GP was not distributed in fetal and neonatal adrenals, and thus may be closely related to adrenal maturation. A high level of P-GP expression was also seen in all cases of functional hormone-producing adrenal tumor, one case of insulinoma, two cases of untreated colonic cancer, one case each of untreated lung cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer, six cases of renal cell carcinoma and 17 cases of bladder cancer. Using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry, we investigated the reactivity of MRK 16 MAb with peripheral human mononuclear cells (mainly blastic cells and lymphocytes) from 31 patients with leukemia or malignant lymphoma. Reactivity with MRK 16 MAb was observed in five cases. Some cases reflected the prior administration of adriamycin, vincristine and VP-16, which are known to induce P-GP expression. P-GP-MRK 16-protein A-Sepharose complex derived from human adrenal possessed marked ATPase activity. These data suggest that P-GP may play a physiological role in the human adrenal. Finally, diagnostic criteria of multi-drug-resistant cancers are presented.
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PMID:Expression and functions of P-glycoprotein (mdr1 gene product) in normal and malignant tissues. 197 61

Radiation-induced cancers after radiation therapy for cancer of the uterine cervix were investigated on 11,855 patients including 5725 patients treated with radiation therapy alone, 1969 postoperative radiation therapy and 4161 surgery alone. The observed-to-expected ratios of the second primary cancer was 0.933 for the patients with radiation therapy alone and 1.074 for the patients with postoperative radiation therapy, respectively. No significant increase was observed in the risk of second primary cancers when all sites were combined. However, assessing on site by site basis, significant excess was noted for the rectum cancer, leukemia, and bladder cancer for the radiation therapy group but not for the surgery group. A significant excess of lung cancer was observed in both radiation therapy and surgery groups, which was attributed to some other causative factors. Radiation-induced cancers were suggested to develop apparently in organs involved in the irradiated field.
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PMID:Second cancer after radiation therapy for cancer of the uterine cervix. 198 34

The antitumor activity of 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine (DMDC), an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, was examined and compared with that of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) against various murine tumors and human tumor xenografts. Against P388 murine leukemia, repeated treatments of DMDC were more effective than its single administration. Interestingly, DMDC was effective against colon 26 murine carcinoma, M5076 murine reticulum cell sarcoma, LX-1 human lung cancer xenograft, and SK-Mel-28 human melanoma xenograft, which are less sensitive or refractory to ara-C, while DMDC was not more potent against murine leukemias P388 and L1210 than ara-C. The in vitro cytotoxic effects of DMDC and ara-C against L1210 leukemia cells were prevented dose dependently by deoxycytidine, suggesting that DMDC, like ara-C, may require phosphorylation by deoxycytidine kinase for antitumor activity. DMDC was effective against human and murine experimental tumor models, especially nonleukemic tumors refractory to ara-C, suggesting that DMDC will be a promising agent for the treatment of cancer.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of 2'-deoxy-2'-methylidenecytidine, a new 2'-deoxycytidine derivative. 201 96

Our objective was to define the functional characteristics of chemotactic inhibitors in sera of patients with various neoplastic diseases. Fifty-nine patients were studied: lung cancer (15), breast cancer (11), lymphoma (20), leukemia (13). Chemotaxis and random motility were measured using a modified agarose technique with C5a and a bacterial filtrate of E. coli as the chemoattractants. Two types of inhibitors were found: chemotactic factor inhibitors and cell-directed inhibitors. The type of inhibitor as well as the specificity of the inhibitor for the chemoattractant (C5a or bacterial filtrate) varied depending upon the underlying neoplasm. Cell-directed inhibitors were reversible and none of the inhibitors affected random motility. Contrary to previous reports, the chemotactic factor inhibitors were heat-stable (p less than 0.001). Morphometric analysis of inhibited and non-inhibited cells using scanning electron photomicrographs showed a significant alteration in shape of the inhibited cells (p less than 0.003). The results indicate greater heterogeneity of the chemotactic inhibitors than was previously thought, as well as a tumour-dependent specificity of the inhibitors for the chemoattractants.
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PMID:Chemotactic inhibitors in sera of patients with neoplastic disease. 206 Jan 90

Survival data from eight Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) protocols were examined for patients with lung cancer (N = 961), multiple myeloma (N = 577), gastric cancer (N = 231), pancreatic cancer (N = 174), breast cancer (N = 87), and Hodgkin's disease (N = 58). After accounting for differences in survival rate attributable to type of cancer, initial performance status, age, and 14 other protocol-specific prognostic indicators, the additional predictive value of socioeconomic status (SES) was evaluated. Race (white v non-white) was not a significant predictor of survival time, but income and education were. People with lower annual incomes (below $5,000 per year in the years 1977 to 1981) and those with lower educational level (grade school only) showed survival times significantly shorter than those with higher income or education, respectively. These survival differences were associated with, but could not be fully explained by, severity of disease at initial presentation. SES continued to exert a small but significant impact on cancer survival, even after controlling for all known prognostic variables. Economically and educationally disadvantaged cancer patients may require treatment programs that include education about treatment and compliance, even after an initial diagnosis is made and treatment is initiated. Because SES is related to survival independent of all known prognostic variables, it should be included in the data bases of clinical trial groups to provide a more accurate test of the effectiveness of new therapies.
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PMID:Socioeconomic status and cancer survival. 207 49

The incidence of a new primary non-germ cell malignancy was determined in 876 patients with testicular cancer treated at the Norwegian Radium Hospital from 1956 to 1977. Sixty-five patients developed a second cancer leading to a statistically significant increased relative risk (RR = 1.58), especially if extended radiotherapy had been given (RR = 4.13). The excess risks of developing lung cancer and malignant melanoma were 2.03 and 3.89, respectively. Increased RR for these two cancer types were seen both after extended radiotherapy and after radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Studies of the time between treatment and secondary lung cancer indicated that the development of the new lung cancer could be partly treatment related, whereas the raised incidence of malignant melanoma may be related to the frequent health checks performed in patients with testicular cancer. Patients who had received extended radiotherapy were also at an increased risk of developing cancer of the stomach and of the colon. Three cases of acute leukaemia were observed more than 5 years after treatment, all of them in patients who had received abdominal radiotherapy only. It is concluded that patients apparently cured of a testicular cancer have an increased risk of developing a new treatment related non-germ cell malignancy, in particular lung cancer. The application of the extended radiotherapy or the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy containing alkylating drugs should be avoided in order to reduce this excess risk.
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PMID:Second non-germ cell malignancies after radiotherapy of testicular cancer with or without chemotherapy. 210 99

A simple, efficient method has been developed for detecting retroviral RNAs expressed in cells. In this method, total RNAs or poly A+ RNAs extracted from various human cells are separated by electrophoresis and hybridized with synthetic oligonucleotides corresponding to the 3'-terminal 18 nucleotides of various tRNAs. Genomic and subgenomic RNAs of HTLV-I and HTLV-II in virus-infected cells and of xenotropic murine leukemia virus expressed in human lung cancer cells were easily detected with the tRNA(Pro)-derived oligonucleotide probe. This technique can be used to search for unidentified retroviruses expressed in human cancer cells and tissues.
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PMID:A simple, general method for detecting retroviral RNAs expressed in cells. 211 25

A case of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) following chemotherapy with cisplatin (CDDP) and etoposide (VP16) for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnosed 24 months before is reported. Although the fortuitous occurrence of two unrelated malignancies cannot be excluded, the hypothesis of secondary leukemia must be taken into account. The clinical and experimental data implying these agents, generally considered to be noncarcinogenic in man, in the occurrence of secondary malignancies are briefly discussed.
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PMID:Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide for non-small-cell carcinoma of the lung: case report. 216 44


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