Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate the relationship between normal B-cells, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) cells and hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) cells the three cell types were incubated with phorbol myristic acetate (PMA). The parameters studied were morphology, immunophenotype and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). PMA stimulation of B-cells induced morphological changes as well as CD5, CD11c, B-ly 7 and TRAP positivity. The cells formed small aggregates, the cell membranes were ruffled and frequently hairy and a small number of cells became plastic adherent and developed dendritic structure. CD5 and CD11c appeared on day 2, imitating a B-CLL phenotype. On day 3 and 4 a decrease of CD5, an increase of CD11c and the appearance of B-ly 7 could be seen mimicking an HCL phenotype. The changes in B-CLL and HCL upon PMA stimulation were mainly morphological: the B-CLL cells became ruffled and aggregated strongly, while the HCL cells developed dendritic features and became adherent. The immunophenotype of the PMA stimulated HCL cells did not change. The B-CLL cells remained CD5 positive and did not become B-ly 7 positive. The findings indicate that although PMA stimulation of normal peripheral blood cells results in CLL- as well as HCL-like phenotypes, similar stimulation of B-CLL cells does not result in an HCL-like phenotype.
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PMID:Induction of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and hairy cell leukaemia like phenotypes by phorbol ester treatment of normal peripheral blood B-cells. 204 75

A series of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were raised against nonlymphoid leukemic cell lines. Three of them have been characterized in detail. mAb H8 (IgG2), mAB U2 (IgG1), and mAb ML143 (IgM) were established with HEL, an erythroleukemia cell line, U937, a monocytoid (histiocytic) line, and ML-1, a myeloid cell line as immunogen, respectively. A 65 to 75 KD polypeptide was precipitated from monocytes by mAb H8, a 160 KD protein from monocytes by mAb U2, and two broad bands in the regions of 150 and 195 KD from granulocytes by mAb ML143. All three mAb stained peripheral blood monocytes and granulocytes, but not lymphocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes. The mAb reacted with immature myeloid cells in bone marrow, ranging from myeloblasts to mature myelomonocytic cells. They also were reactive with various nonlymphoid cell lines and leukemia of myelomonocytic origin. They did not react with B cell lines and B cell CLL cells. By complement-mediated cytolysis and/or an immune rosette method, antigens H8 and U2 were found to be expressed on the vast majority of CFU-GM (14 days) progenitors but not on BFU-E. Antigen ML143 was not expressed by either progenitor. Furthermore, ML143 antigen was found on T leukemia cell lines, a subpopulation of mitogen-activated T cells, and certain non-T/non-B ALL cells. This reactivity was not found with mAb H8 and U2. The relationship between these mAb and those reported are discussed. The possibility of using these mAb to obtain a markedly enriched CFU-GM progenitor population is also raised.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies against human myelomonocytic cells: detection of certain lineage-specific antigens on CFU-GM progenitor cells. 240 54

Blood lymphocytes from 50 patients with chronic B-lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) were cultured in vitro with and without the polyclonal B-cell activators (PBA) dextran sulphate (DxS), lipopolysaccharide from E. coli (LPS), and Epstein Barr virus (EBV). Patients with blood lymphocytes that showed a high spontaneous or PBA-induced 3H-thymidine uptake in 4 d cultures had a significantly shorter therapy-free survival than patients whose lymphocytes showed a low thymidine uptake. The DxS-induced cellular thymidine uptake was the most powerful predictor of prognosis. Eighteen patients with leukaemic cells responding to DxS stimulation had a median therapy-free survival of 17 months and a probability of 5 year therapy-free survival of less than 0.1, whereas for 30 patients with DxS unresponsive cells the corresponding figures were greater than 120 months and greater than 0.7, respectively (log rank, P less than 0.0001). A multivariate Cox's regression analysis revealed that the DxS-induced leukaemic cell response was of greater prognostic importance than clinical features such as blood counts and staging according to Rai and Binet. Therefore PBA-induced leukaemic cell thymidine uptake seems valuable in the prediction of prognosis in B-CLL.
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PMID:Prognostic value of B-cell mitogen-induced and spontaneous thymidine uptake in vitro in chronic B-lymphocytic leukaemia cells. 241 8

Prostaglandins have been implicated as possible modulators of the proliferation and differentiation of neoplastic cells. The aim of this work was to determine 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 concentrations in the blood plasma and in the supernatant of 96 hour PHA stimulated and unstimulated leukaemic cell cultures of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients. 62 patients with CLL classified to the 1st or 4th stage according to RAI, and 23 healthy individuals were investigated. The blastogenic transformation was measured by the standard tritiated thymidine method. The quantity of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 was estimated by the isotopic method using a RIA-kit. In the 4th stage of CLL a low value of blastogenic transformation was observed, whereas in the 1st stage, the values were similar to those of the control group. It was shown that in the 4th stage of the disease an increase in the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations occurs in the blood plasma and the culture supernatant together with a significant decrease in TXB2 in the culture supernatant, whereas in the 1st stage a significant decrease in the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha as compared with those of the control group is noted. These results may indicate on antagonistic action of PGI2 and TXB2 in leukaemia cell proliferation.
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PMID:The behaviour of 6-keto PGF1 alpha and TXB2 concentrations in the culture supernatant of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. 243 11

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were developed against the cCLLa, a 69-kilodalton leukemia-associated antigen expressed on malignant cells of B-type chronic lymphatic leukemia (B-CLL) and its variants: prolymphocytic (PLL) and hairy cell leukemias (HCL). Two hybridomas yielded approximately 2 and approximately 7.5 mg/mL of IgG2a kappa and IgM kappa, respectively. Monoclonal surface immunoglobulin-bearing cells of all B-CLL patients studied (n = 30) reacted with the MoAbs (r greater than .99) regardless of stage or lymphocyte count. This suggests that the malignant clone in CLL can be identified and its size monitored by using our MoAbs. In contrast, normal B lymphocytes, a large panel of normal, reactive and neoplastic cells, and malignant cell lines failed to react with either MoAb as judged by indirect immunofluorescence and by flow cytometry. Only two patients (one with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the other with acute myeloblastic leukemia) exhibited a small cell subset reactive with the MoAbs. cCLLa specificity was suggested by selective target cell reactivity and competitive inhibition-absorption and confirmed by immunoprecipitation. MoAbs IgG2a kappa and IgM kappa appeared to share antigenic determinants and were moderate and avid complement binders inducing 100% and 40% target cell lysis, respectively. cCLLa density on malignant CLL and HCL cells was estimated by equilibrium binding studies using the IgG2a kappa MoAb at 1.7 and 9 X 10(6)/cell, respectively. The restricted expression of the cCLLa and the specificity and cytolytic activity of the anti-cCLLa MoAbs support these antibodies as probes for the classification of lymphoproliferative diseases and for the specific diagnosis and treatment of B-CLL and its variants.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies against the chronic lymphatic leukemia antigen cCLLa: characterization and reactivity. 244 May 1

Interphase lymphoid nucleoli of Ag-NOR stained site areas were measured on the TAS system in peripheral blood lymphoid cells with the known immunologic phenotype of 19 patients with lymphoid neoplasia (non-Hidgkin's lymphoma, CLL, hair-cell leukemia) and 10 healthy donors. The area of Ag-granules in neoplastic cells is much greater than in normal lymphocytes and does not correlate with a proliferation of cells but correlates with a malignancy grade of the disease. These data are discussed in terms of rDNA transcription patterns in malignant cells.
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PMID:[Morphometric characteristics of argentaffin nucleolar structures in peripheral blood lymphoid cells from patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and chronic lymphoid leukemias]. 244 Jun 62

We investigated the clinical value of immunotyping in 145 consecutive adult patients with absolute or relative lymphocytosis: 132 (91%) had B-cell lymphocytosis, 5 (4%) had T-cell lymphocytosis, 2 (1%) had hairy cell leukemia, and 6 (4%) had reactive lymphocytosis. Of the five patients with T-cell lymphocytosis, four were best categorized as having T gamma-chronic lymphoproliferative disease and had an indolent clinical course. Of the 132 patients with B-cell lymphocytosis, 121 (92%) had B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), and 11 (8%) had small cleaved ("lymphosarcoma") cell leukemia. Patients with small cleaved cell leukemia had a worse clinical outcome than did those with B-CLL. We further analyzed the surface immunoglobulin (sIg) and CD20 (B-1) antigen expression patterns in B-CLL to determine whether any correlation existed with clinical outcome. A subset of patients with B-CLL in whom sIg was expressed in less than 20% of their lymphocytes had the best clinical outcome. HLA-DR (Ia-like) antigen typing helped identify B-CLL cases with minimal or no sIg expression. CD20 (B-1) antigen was weak or undetectable in most cases of B-CLL. Patients with B-CLL who had CD20 (B-1) in more than 20% of their lymphocytes did not have a different prognosis. Our data provide the incidence and natural history of the various subsets of CLL in a series of patients at a single institution. The type and extent of immunotyping necessary and practical in the clinical management of patients with CLL are explored.
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PMID:Role of immunotyping in chronic lymphocytosis: review of the natural history of the condition in 145 adult patients. 245 33

By raising monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against B cells, a number of cell surface molecules have recently been identified which after binding by their specific antibody can trigger B cells, either alone or in co-operation with antibodies to surface immunoglobulin (sIg). The anti-CD20 (Bp35) MAb IF5 can deliver a strong activation signal to resting normal B cells, and the anti-CDw40 (Bp50) MAb G28-5 can promote activated G1 B cells to enter S phase. These antibodies were tested for their functional effects in vitro on suspended cells from 17 follicle-center-cell (FCC) lymphomas, 5 cases of chronic lymphatic B-cell leukemia (B-CLL) and 8 cases of various histological types. Changes in cellular volume, RNA and DNA synthesis were compared with the results obtained with a polyclonal anti-mu [F(ab')2] antiserum, a MAb to surface IgM (AF6), 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and B-cell growth factor (low-molecular-weight BCGF). Our data reveal differences in the requirements for triggering of various B-cell subsets: cells from CLL responded strongly to TPA but not to anti-mu, which is a potent stimulator not only of normal B cells but also of cells from individual cases of FCC lymphomas. Our observations suggest that the differentiation stage of B-CLL cells is distinct from that of small resting B cells from peripheral blood. Centrocytic lymphomas could not be activated by any of the reagents. CD20-mediated triggering was seen in neoplastic B cells from only 4 of 30 cases, indicating that most B-cell neoplasias were not responsive to this activation pathway. In contrast, the anti-CDw40 MAb consistently stimulated DNA synthesis together with anti-mu or TPA in cells from FCC lymphomas, but not from CLL. Together, these results suggest that activation in different neoplastic B-cell subsets depends on distinct signal transduction mechanisms.
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PMID:Triggering of neoplastic B cells via surface IgM and the cell surface antigens CD20 and CDw40. Responses differ from normal blood B cells and are restricted to certain morphologic subsets. 245 71

A 67-year-old man with the coexistence of CLL and PV converted after 4 years to AML is described. This rare simultaneous occurrence of both chronic lymphoid and myeloid proliferations as well as nonlymphoblastic leukaemia developing in a patient with CLL is discussed in the light of literature data.
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PMID:The coexistence of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and polycythaemia vera terminating in acute myeloid leukaemia. 246 45

Blood plasma interferon (IFN) of patients with acute myeloid (AML) and chronic granulocytic (CGL) and with acute and chronic lymphoid leukaemia (ALL and CLL) was measured by bioassay and characterized by neutralization with anti-human-IFN-alpha treatment. Elevated IFN-alpha level (60-125 IU/ml) was found in the quiescent phase of CGL as compared to the control samples (15 +/- 10 IU/ml). No significant differences could be found between plasma IFN of patients suffering from the blastic crisis of CGL and control persons. Analogous results were obtained in experiments with plasmas of AML patients, regardless the stage of the disease. Elevated IFN-alpha production (60-100 IU/ml) was found in patients being in the remission phase of T-cell ALL but only in one case in the progressive phase of the disease. No significant elevation of plasma IFN level was demonstrated in patients with O-cell ALL and B-cell CLL, as compared to the control samples.
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PMID:Interferon production in myelo- and lymphoproliferative diseases. I. Spontaneous interferon production in acute and chronic leukaemias. 246 55


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