Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The material of the Finnish Cancer Registry from 1953-79 (279,745 cancer patients, 774,518 person-yr at risk) was analyzed for the occurrence of multiple cancer. There were 5,871 new primary cancers in the series (excluding the first 12 mo from diagnosis of the first cancer). A positive association between cancers with similar etiology could be demonstrated, e.g., between cancers of the lip, larynx, and lung (smoking) and between cancers of the breast and endometrium (hormones, reproductive history). Clustering of different risk factors resulted, e.g., in an excess risk of colon cancer among female breast cancer patients (risk factors in both cancers are prevalent particularly in higher-social classes). Differences in the distribution of the risk factors resulted in risk deficits, e.g., low relative risk of lung cancer among male colon cancer patients (the prevalence of smoking was highest in the lower-social classes and the prevalence of risk factors in colon cancer was highest in the higher-social classes). The risk of leukemia was increased among patients with cancers of the breast, endometrium, and thyroid (possibly due to irradiation). There was a high relative risk of salivary gland cancer among patients with skin cancer other than melanoma or basal cell carcinoma in both sexes. The relative risk of a new primary cancer decreased with increasing age at diagnosis of the first cancer. The length of follow-up was positively associated with the relative risk of many cancers, although this finding was not as consistent as that with age.
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PMID:Multiple cancer--an epidemiologic exercise in Finland. 386 Jun 79

The risk of a second primary cancer developing was evaluated in nearly 20,000 men with cancers of the prostate or testis in Connecticut, 1935-82. Among 18,135 men with prostate cancer, a significant 15% deficit of all second cancers was observed [1,053 vs. 1,241; relative risk (RR) = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.80-0.90], most notably for respiratory (RR = 0.7) and digestive cancers (RR = 0.8). The absence of a colon cancer risk lends little support to the idea of common risk factors such as dietary fat consumption. Only the risk for salivary gland cancer was significantly increased, possibly due to chance. Leukemia was significantly elevated among men observed for 10 and more years (RR = 2.2). In contrast to most other index tumors, the prostate stands out as being associated with an overall low risk of second cancer development. The reasons for these deficiencies have not been explained. Among 1,446 men with testis cancer, a significant twofold risk of second cancers was seen (104 vs. 50.1). A fivefold risk of leukemia (8 vs. 1.5) was not related to treatment or age. Contralateral testis cancer (6 vs. 0.5) was elevated in men treated with and without radiation. Risks for kidney cancer (5 vs. 1.5), bladder cancer (9 vs. 3.4), pancreatic cancer (6 vs. 1.5), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (6 vs. 1.5), and prostate cancer (12 vs. 5.9) were significantly increased. No trends over time were noted for any cancer. Overall risk of second cancer development tended to be higher in younger men with testis cancer. The relationship of leukemia to testis and prostate cancers should be investigated in future research.
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PMID:Second cancer following cancer of the male genital system in Connecticut, 1935-82. 408 95

The purpose of this review is to summarize the results of studies on of the association between exposure to dental X-rays and health risk. To perform the systematic review, We searched the PUBMED, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases for papers published before December 15, 2016. A total of 2 158 studies, excluding duplicate studies, were found. Two reviewers independently evaluated the eligibility of each study. The final 21 studies were selected after application of exclusion criteria. In terms of health outcomes, there were 10 studies about brain tumors, 5 about thyroid cancer, 3 about tumors of head and neck areas, and 3 related to systemic health. In brain tumor studies, the association between dental X-ray exposure and meningioma was statistically significant in 5 of the 7 studies. In 4 of the 5 thyroid-related studies, there was a significant correlation with dental diagnostic X-rays. In studies on head and neck areas, tumors included laryngeal, parotid gland, and salivary gland cancers. There was also a statistically significant correlation between full-mouth X-rays and salivary gland cancer, but not parotid gland cancer. Health outcomes such as leukemia, low birth weight, cataracts, and thumb carcinomas were also reported. In a few studies examining health effects related to dental X-ray exposure, possibly increased risks of meningioma and thyroid cancer were suggested. More studies with a large population and prospective design are needed to elaborate these associations further.
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PMID:Health effects from exposure to dental diagnostic X-ray. 3066 38