Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Based on a series of clinical and laboratory studies of leukemia cell kinetics and responses to chemotherapy, we have developed an intensive timed-sequential regimen of daunorubicin and high-dose infusion 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine for the treatment of adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Of the first 34 patients achieving complete remission (CR) with a single cycle of this therapy, four (12%) remain in complete remission without further therapy after a minimum of five years of follow-up. Treatment of relapsed patients with a second course of the same regimen at relapse and no chemotherapy in second remission increased to seven (21%) the number of patients expected to remain in remission for four years or more from their last chemotherapy. Beginning in 1980, however, we gave all consenting adults a second cycle of this chemotherapy in early first remission. Of the first 25 patients treated with a second cycle of this chemotherapy in early first remission, there was one toxic death, but 11 patients (44%) remain in CR with a median follow-up of almost three years.
 ...
PMID:Two-cycle timed-sequential chemotherapy for adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. 648 7

Cytogenetic studies have been carried out on 17 children with acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL). Of the 16 patients analysed at diagnosis, 11 had acquired clonal chromosome abnormalities. Four out of seven cases with acute myeloid leukaemia (M2) had 8;21 translocations, two of which were variants. Comparisons with other data on ANLL confirmed the association between the 8;21 translocation and the younger age groups. There are indications that the Netherlands may be a high incidence area for this translocation. Differences in the type of chromosome anomalies between childhood and adult ANLL were evident suggesting that different aetiologic factors may be involved.
 ...
PMID:Chromosome studies on acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia in children. 657 21

Sixteen of 20 patients(80%) with adult ANLL treated with B H-AC X AMP therapy attained complete remission (CR). According to the FAB classification, CR rate was 6 out of 8 (75%) for M1, 3 out of 5 (60%) for M2, 2 out of 2 (100%) for M3, and 5 out of 5 (100%) for M4. The median of remission duration in 16 patients who attained CR was 8 months and appeared to be longer in patients with M2, rather than other types, of leukemia than in those with the other types of leukemia. BH-AC X AMP therapy is highly effective for remission induction in adult ANLL and long term disease free survival could be expected by addition of appropriate maintenance therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Combination chemotherapy of N(4)-behenoyl-1-beta-arabinofuranosylcytosine, aclarubicin, 6-MP, and prednisolone (BH-AC. AMP therapy) for adult acute non-lymphocytic leukemia]. 658 25

We examined the leukemia cells of 81 consecutively admitted children and adolescents with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) to determine the frequency and specificity of chromosomal abnormalities. Karyotypes were obtained for 73 (90%) of the 81 children, and 36 (49%) were abnormal. The modal karyotypes for the cases were tightly clustered in the diploid range; only 5 (7%) were hypodiploid, with 45 chromosomes each, and only 2 (3%) had greater than 50 chromosomes. Specific chromosomal abnormalities in the abnormal karyotypes were compared to morphologic subgroups of ANLL. An 8;21 translocation was found in 6 of 9 cases with M2 morphology but was also found in 1 case with M1 morphology. One of 4 with M3 (progranulocytic) morphology had a 15;17 translocation, and another had a 17q deletion. A structural abnormality in 11q was found in 3 of 7 patients with M5 (monoblastic) morphology, 2 of whom had a 9;11 translocation. The only case of M6 had a 22q-or Philadelphia chromosome in addition to other abnormalities. Statistical analysis of 27 abnormal karyotypes showed preferential structural rearrangement of 8q and 21q. We conclude that, in children as well as adults, specific structural abnormalities are correlated with certain morphologic subgroups of ANLL. However, other chromosomal changes associated with prior mutagenic exposure of adult ANLL were uncommon in children, which may suggest a difference in pathogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Cytogenetic features of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in 73 children and adolescents. 682 64

The clinicopathological features and the prognostic significance of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with trisomy 11 are currently unknown. In this study we describe 15 adult AML cases with trisomy 11. Trisomy 11 was the sole chromosomal anomaly in eight cases; the remaining seven cases were characterized by +11 in association with other karyotypic aberrations. Patients ages ranged from 34 to 79 years. 12 patients were male; three were female. Although there was no correlation of trisomy 11 with any specific FAB subgroup [M2 (n = 7), M1 (n = 5), M4/5 (n = 2), M3 (n = 1)] less mature forms predominated. Immunologically, the leukaemic blasts showed a strikingly consistent stem cell phenotype with expression of HLA-DR, CD34 and the myeloid antigens (CD15, CD33 and/or CD13). In addition, two cases expressed the B-cell associated antigen CD19. The presence of trilineage dysplasia, suggesting the presence of an underlying myelodysplasia (MDS), was observed at presentation in five cases; in another case MDS was evident at relapse only. Unexpectedly, MLL gene rearrangements were observed in two of four cases characterized by trisomy 11 as the sole karyotypic abnormality; however, MLL aberrations were not identified in three cases with trisomy 11 accompanied by other karyotypic anomalies. The majority of patients in each subgroup (i.e. those with and without additional cytogenetic abnormalities) achieved a short first complete remission (CR) (mean 8 months) and failed to obtain a second CR. Only one patient in each trisomy 11 subgroup is in a continuous CR for > 34 months. These findings suggest that trisomy 11 leukaemia is characterized by a stem/progenitor cell immunophenotype with poor response to standard chemotherapeutic regimens and an unfavourable prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Trisomy 11: an association with stem/progenitor cell immunophenotype. 779 46

The hypothesis that use of personal electric appliances may be associated with increased risk of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in adults was tested using interview data from a previously completed case-control study of 114 cases and 133 controls conducted between 1981 and 1984. Cases were obtained from a population-based cancer registry in western Washington state, and controls were obtained from the same area by random digit dialing. Of 32 electrical home appliances for which data on use were available for adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia cases and controls, three motor-driven personal appliances (electric razors, hair dryers, and massage units) were selected a priori because their use represents exposure to higher peak magnetic fields than that from most other home appliances. When compared on an "ever used" versus "never used" basis, use of one or more of these appliances was not associated with increased risk of leukemia in the population studied (odds ratio (OR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.41-1.24). When the appliances were considered individually, massage units were more likely to have been used by cases than by controls (OR = 3.00, 95% CI 1.43-6.32), while hair dryers were more likely to have been used by controls than cases (OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.22-0.66). There was a nonsignificant tendency for electric razor use to differentiate the cases from controls (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 0.80-2.23). When reported daily time of use was stratified, there was no overall increased risk with increased time of use except for electric razors (p < 0.05). In addition to the analysis of appliance use data from the case-control study, the authors obtained several models of these motor-driven personal appliances and characterized the magnetic fields they produce. Magnetic field flux density, or the B-field, and spectral measurements showed that partial body exposure from such appliances may exceed 0.5 mTesla (root mean squared) at rates-of-change exceeding 10 Tesla/sec. These epidemiologic data must be interpreted cautiously because the number of cases is limited and because of proxy reporting of appliance use for deceased cases. Nevertheless, the authors believe these data indicate that peak magnetic field exposure from personal appliances warrants further investigation as a possible risk factor for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in adults.
 ...
PMID:Adult leukemia risk and personal appliance use: a preliminary study. 865 Dec 38

Fifty-four cases of adult acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia (ANLL) were studied. Their main symptoms were weakness and easy fatiguability (80%), fever (78%) and bleeding manifestation (48.38%). Our patients were younger (median age 34 years) and the disease was more advanced at the time of presentation than that seen in the West. FAB morphological classification of adult ANLL cases showed M2 (44.44%) the most predominant type followed by M4 (24%), M5 and M6 were less common (3.7%). Majority of ANLL cases (68.51%) occurred up to the age of 40 years. Our results are comparable to European and consistent with Pakistani and Libyan studies.
 ...
PMID:Acute nonlymphoblastic leukaemia in adults. 813 38

For a disease like leukemia with an annual incidence of 3 to 4 per a 100,000 population, a multicenter cooperative study is essential to develop better therapeutic regimens. Our Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group (JALSG) started its first multicenter cooperative study in 1987. In the AML 87 study, response-oriented individualized induction therapy produced 78% complete remissions in 252 consecutive adult AML, a higher remission rate than that of any multicenter studies in the U.S.A. and Europe. For further development of clinical study for cancer in Japan, financial support to highly qualified clinical study groups by the government is urgently needed.
 ...
PMID:[State of the art of chemotherapy for adult acute leukemia in Japan]. 827 45

Translocations involving chromosome band 11q23 are frequently found in infant acute leukemia and involve rearrangement of the MLL gene. In this study, 29 cases of adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were analyzed to determine the frequency of MLL gene rearrangement. Of these, 19 cases were karyotyped and none showed cytogenetic evidence of 11q23 aberration. MLL rearrangements were demonstrable in four cases, giving a frequency of 14% (4/29). Only one of the four cases with MLL rearrangement showed features typical of leukemia with 11q23 aberration; other cases were indistinguishable from those without MLL rearrangement. There was no apparent difference in presentation blast count, remission, and survival duration when cases with or without MLL rearrangement were compared. Clinicopathologic features of adult AML with MLL rearrangements may be heterogeneous.
 ...
PMID:Molecular rearrangement of the MLL gene in adult acute myeloid leukemia without cytogenetic evidence of 11q23 aberration. 861 78

Cell surface levels of the receptor tyrosine kinase P145(c-kit), the product of the c-kit proto-oncogens, in a panel of 80 primary adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) specimens collected at presentation were quantitated by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, and compared with levels on CD34+ bone marrow cells from normal donors. Receptor levels on AML blast cells were extremely variable and were similar to, or less than, those on normal stem and progenitor cells. In general P145(c-kit) expression was higher on cells of immature phenotype (FAB M1 and M2). c-kit mRNA was quantitated by ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) and was shown to be correlated with cell surface protein expression (r=0.76; P<0.001). This indicates that ligand-mediated receptor internalisation or other mechanisms of increased protein turnover are not responsible for variations in the level of P145(c-kit) in AML specimens. Quantitative Southern blotting was used to examine c-kit gene copy number in 25 of these specimens and was found to be normal in all but one. Thus we have found little evidence of over-expression of c-kit in adult AML. mRNA for the c-kit ligand, Steel Factor (SLF) was also quantitated by RPA in these specimens. While SLF message was detectable (limit of detection approximately 10(4) copies per 10 microgram total RNA; equivalent to 1 copy per 100 cells) in 19% of cases, these specimens in general contained low levels of c-kit mRNA. Thus, an autocrine cycle involving c-kit and SLF does not appear to be a common feature of AML.
Leukemia 1996 Feb
PMID:Increased expression of c-Kit or its ligand Steel Factor is not a common feature of adult acute myeloid leukaemia. 863 38


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>