Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In acute leukaemias there was a stable plateau in the survival curve at 45% after two years if grafted in first complete remission (n = 20) but only 13% of the patients are disease-free alive if grafted in a more advanced stage of the disease (n = 8). In 16 patients transplanted for chronic myeloid leukaemia the overall survival is 40%, in cases with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention by cyclosporine survival rate could be improved. Only 8 patients with severe aplastic anaemia, partially in low performance status were able to be transplanted; three died of infections, another by acute GVHD. The fatal complications in our study characterize the international well-known major problems in BMT: GVHD, interstitial pneumonitis, infections, graft failure in aplastic anaemia and recurrence of leukaemia, especially in more advanced leukaemia stage.
 ...
PMID:Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for leukaemia and aplastic anaemia. Results of the Leipzig BMT Group. 248 Feb 78

At the end of the sixties and to beginning of the seventies years the total body irradiation (TBI) was introduced in the concept of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The aim is the destruction of leukaemic or normal stem cells surviving the chemotherapy or the overcoming of the immunological defense. From March 1980 to January 1987 we have treated 84 patients with single exposure of 8.5 to 10.5 Gy midline dose for body and lung in cases of leukaemia and of 6 to 7 Gy for patients with aplastic anaemia. We used a dose rate of about 5.5 cGy/min delivered by a linear accelerator. The results were comparable with other centres but a further indicator for the effectiveness of a irradiation technique is also the idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis (IIP). Our incidence of IIP was 10.7 per cent and the mortality was 2.4 per cent. Additional we have had 8.3 per cent interstitial pneumonitis (IP) caused by an infection. All patients with a combination of IP and GVHD had a fatal prognosis. In present time a tendency is to see to fractionation techniques in total body irradiation for decreasing of the pneumonitis rate, the reduction of severe acute and delayed side effects, for a better homogenisation of the dose in the whole body and for using of synchronizing effects on the stem cells.
 ...
PMID:Fundamentals, trends and our experiences with total body irradiation (TBI) before bone marrow transplantation (BMT). 248 Feb 94

A pathological study was carried out in 200 autopsied cases experienced in our department from 1981 to 1988. Eight patients (4.0%) had herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections in their visceral organs. Another one patient was diagnosed as HSV hepatitis through necropsy of liver. The nine patients (five of them were male) ranged in age from 34 to 70 years (mean, 58). Four patients had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and the other included one with adult T-cell leukemia, one with multiple myeloma, one with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and one with bronchial asthma, however, one did not have any underlying disease. Two patients died of HSV fulminant hepatitis and one died of HSV diffuse interstitial pneumonia. The most commonly involved organ was esophagus (7/8), followed by tongue (5/8), liver (3/9), spleen, pancreas, lymph node (2/8), and lung, adrenal, tonsil (1/8). Typical herpetic changes such as ballooning degeneration of cells, multinucleated giant cells, ground-glass nuclei and Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions were observed at the margin of the ulcer or coagulation necrosis. Indirect immunoperoxidase stain revealed HSV-1 antigen in all of the 9 cases, HSV particles were demonstrated in 2. Seven patients had concomitant infections with one or more pathogens in addition to HSV, which included cytomegalovirus in 5, aspergillus in 4, candida in 3 and bacteria in 3.
 ...
PMID:[A pathological study on herpes simplex virus infections in adults]. 250 85

The antiviral potential of a novel cross-species active, recombinant human interferon-alpha B/D hybrid (rHuIFN-alpha B/D), was evaluated for its efficiacy in cultured human monocytes and in several murine models of viral disease. When examined in 14-day-old human monocyte cultures, rHuIFN-alpha B/D was highly effective in preventing viral replication and cell destruction caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1/VR3). The effect observed with 100 units of this hybrid IFN was as good or higher than that observed with equivalent amounts of rHuIFN-alpha A or IFN-gamma. In addition, a single dose (5 X 10(7) U/kg) of rHuIFN-alpha B/D administered several hours after intranasal infection with HSV-1/VR3 suppressed pulmonary virus replication and prevented death due to interstitial pneumonia. Similarly, mice infected with a more aggressive strain of HSV-1 (McIntyre) were protected when this IFN preparation was administered at the time of virus infection and 1 day later. The anti-retroviral activity of rHuIFN-alpha B/D was examined in two murine leukemia retroviral models, Rauscher (RMLV) and Friend (FMLV), and a murine model of acquired immunodeficiency (LP-BM5). Treatment of RMLV or FMLV infected mice significantly prolonged mean survival times and the number of long-term FMLV survivors. These therapeutic effects were demonstrated when IFN was administered on the day of virus infection or as late as 3 days following infection. Transient reversal of the immunosuppressive effects induced by LP-BM5 infection was observed when rHuIFN-alpha B/D treatment was initiated at the time of virus infection. Moreover, when rHuIFN-alpha B/D was used together with azidothymidine (AZT), the effect of the combination was better than either drug alone.
 ...
PMID:Antiviral activity of a novel recombinant human interferon-alpha B/D hybrid. 254 Dec 10

Results of the bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for 120 cases of leukemia, which were done in nine institutes in Nagoya (Nagoya Bone Marrow Transplantation Group) last ten years, were analyzed to determine the factors associated with an increased risk of developing interstitial pneumonia (IP). IP developed 49 out of 120 patients (49.8%) and case fatality rate was 63.3%. The median time from transplantation to onset of IP was 81 days (range 13-575 days), in 30 out of 49 cases (61.2%), this complication developed within 100 days after transplantation. Of the 49 patients who developed IP, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was associated in 18 cases (36.7%), no cases of P. carinii infection was detected. Five factors were associated with an increased risk for developing IP, (1) older age (greater than or equal to 47.0%: less than 10 y. 10.0%) (p less than 0.01) (2) disease stage at BMT (non-remission 76.2%: remission 32.5%) (p less than 0.01) (3) presence of acute GVHD ((+) 52.5% (-) 28.8%) (p less than 0.05) (4) onset day after BMT (less than or equal to 100 days 61.2%: greater than 100 d. 38.8%) (p less than 0.01) (5) sex matching between donor and patient (sex match 28.8%: sex mismatch 57.1%) (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Interstitial pneumonia (IP) in bone marrow transplantation in leukemia--120 cases analysis in Nagoya Bone Marrow Transplantation Group]. 255 32

A new clinicopathological state related to HTLV-I infection was found in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP). This specific state with chronic and progressive respiratory symptoms caused by bronchiolar or alveolar disorder was characterized by smoldering adult T-cell leukemia or the HTLV-I carrier state known as HTLV-I associated bronchiolo-alveolar disorder (HABA). The clinical features of 5 cases with the bronchiolar type of HABA and one case with alveolar type of HABA were described and were compatible with the criteria of DPB and IIP, respectively. Long-term subclinical infection of HTLV-I was suspected to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HABA. Furthermore, the investigation of HABA might yield a clue to the unknown etiology of DPB and IIP.
 ...
PMID:[Six cases of HTLV-I associated bronchiolo-alveolar disorder (HABA)]. 258 4

The probability of long term survival for allogeneic graft patients was 63% for ALL, 64% for ANL and 40% for CML in the 1st remission or 1st chronic phase of each leukemia. The major causes of death were interstitial pneumonia, relapse of leukemia and infections. On relationship of GVHD and the long term survival, the probability of 5 years survival was 38%, 47% and 25% in grade O, I and II-IV of acute GVHD respectively. And the relationship between the relapse rate and GVHD, the patients with both of acute and chronic GVHD showed the lowest relapse rate 15.9%, the patients without GVHD showed the highest relapse rate 37.8% and the patients with either of GVHD showed the rate of between those of two groups. This may suggest that GVHD both acute and chronic might have an ability that can suppress the relapse of leukemia, i.e. GVL reaction. Interstitial pneumonia occurred in 32% of allograft patients and was often lethal complication (53%). Among many of prophylaxis tested, the followings were effective, a lower dose rate of total body irradiation, the selection of CMV-seronegative platelets donor, and the prophylactic administration of anti-CMV high titer globulin. Colony stimulating factor of human urine was also effective for shortening the granulopenic period after transplantation to prevent severe infections.
 ...
PMID:[Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation]. 260 Oct 39

Among infections in leukemia patients during their first induction treatment pneumonia was the third most frequent infection (11.4%) following fever of unknown origin and sepsis. Granulocytopenia was suggested to be very closely related to the onset of pneumonia. Laminar air flow rooms seemed very effective for preventing exogenous infections including pneumonia. They reduced pneumonia from 30 to 0 in 106 patients with acute leukemia during their first induction treatment. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is one of the most intensive immunosuppressive treatments. Major causes of failure were interstitial pneumonitis (IP) due to cytomegalovirus (CMV), relapse of leukemia and bacterial and fungal infections. The incidence of IP was reduced by fractionation of total body irradiation and selection of CMV antibody negative donor for platelet transfusion. Administration of anti CMV immunoglobulin has also reduced the incidence of IP significantly from 37.5% to 11.5%. Colony stimulating factor appeared to stimulate the recovery of leukocytes after BMT. By several modifications of BMT techniques, mainly for the prevention of infection and IP, the survival of patients after BMT has improved significantly from 20% to 85%. In conclusion, prevention and treatment of respiratory infections are important in the treatment of leukemia, both for chemotherapy and BMT.
 ...
PMID:[Prevention and treatment of respiratory infections in leukemia patients]. 261 86

Twenty three patients with Hodgkin's disease were treated with BCNU (carmustine), etoposide, and cyclophosphamide at doses of 450-600 mg/m2, 1500-2000 mg/m2, and 120 mg/kg respectively. Bone marrow refrigerated at 4 degrees C for 2-5 days or cryopreserved at -80 degrees C was used to reconstitute bone marrow function. The median age was 28 (range 16-48), and the median Karnofsky performance status was 70. Nineteen patients had progressive disease while on chemotherapy. The median number of prior regimens was three (1-7), and the median number of prior chemotherapy drugs was 10 (range 4-12). Ten patients had received at least two of the drugs used in this study and four had had all three. Indicator lesions included lung (10), peripheral lymph nodes (9), retroperitoneal nodes (8), liver (3), and chest wall masses (2). Ten patients achieved a complete remission (43.5%; 95% confidence limits 23-64%), and five patients had a partial remission (21.7%; 95% confidence limits 5-39%). The median duration of complete remission was 6 months (range 2-13+ months). Responses were shorter in duration for patients with primary refractory disease. Liver function abnormalities were noted in nine (39%) cases. Post transplant, the recovery time was 18 days (range 11-43) for WBC and 24 days (11-77) for platelets. Two patients died of septic episodes while neutropenic. The median number of RBC units used was seven (range 1-45). Ten patients had evidence of pulmonary dysfunction. In seven patients there was symptomatic improvement with steroid therapy, but three patients who were not treated with steroids died as a result of interstitial pneumonia. Future programs should consider bone marrow transplantation in patients with Hodgkin's disease earlier in the course of disease, at the time of minimal residual disease, and employ newer, potentially less toxic drugs.
Leukemia 1989 Jan
PMID:High-dose, potentially myeloablative chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation for patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. 264 73

Since June 1977 eight patients with acute leukemia and three with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) have undergone cytoreductive therapy prior to a second allogeneic or syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The median age was 24 years (range 7-49 years) and the median time to second BMT was 495 days (range 122-1887 days). Prompt hematopoietic recovery was documented in 11/11 patients and verified by cytogenetic analysis in 7/11. Early death (less than 100 days) was the result of sepsis in one, veno-occlusive disease in one and interstitial pneumonitis in two. Of seven patients who survived beyond 1 year, two patients subsequently died, one as a result of acute respiratory failure and one of leukemia relapse. Five are currently disease-free at 8+, 20+, 42+, 49+ and 72+ months after the second BMT. In this patient population which is at high risk for resistant disease and treatment-related toxicity, a second preparative therapy and BMT may offer a durable disease remission with tolerable toxicity.
 ...
PMID:Second bone marrow transplantation after leukemia relapse in 11 patients. 264 76


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>