Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cancer occurring in infants often has clinical and biological properties that are different from those of the same histologic type of cancer occurring in older children. The histologic distribution of cancers in infants and that in older children are also different. The aim of this study was to find these differences between infants and older children, and to compare the percent distribution of infant cancer subtypes with that reported by other countries. The authors collected infant cases diagnosed as having cancer from the database of the Cancer Registry in our Medical Center between 1995 and 2001. Subjects were selected subjects from inpatient logs, and their medical records were reviewed. Eighty-two infants (40 males and 42 females), including 12 neonates, were diagnosed with cancer over this 7-year period. Acute leukemia was diagnosed in 21 infants (25.6%; acute myeloid leukemia in 12, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 9), retinoblastoma in 14 (17.1%), neuroblastoma in 12 (14.6%), brain tumor in 9 (11.0%), germ cell tumor in 8 (9.8%), renal cancer in 8 (Wilms tumor 3, mesoblastic nephroma 1, renal sarcoma 1, rhabdoid tumor 3), hepatoblastoma in 5 (6.1%), and soft tissue sarcoma in 5 (rhabdomyosarcoma 1, fibrosarcoma 3, other sarcoma 1). The overall disease-free survival rate was 61.0% (50/82) with a median follow-up duration of 6.8 years for the survivors. The 4 most common types of cancer occurring in infants are the same in the present series and in most larger childhood cancer series reported by other countries; but rank differently. In this study there were more infants with acute leukemia and retinoblastoma, and less with neuroblastoma. The prognosis is poor for infant leukemia and rhabdoid tumor, while it is good for embryonal tumors and germ cell tumors occurring in infancy.
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PMID:Cancer in infants: a review of 82 cases. 1616 13

We report a patient with a refractory testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) who developed therapy-related leukemia (TRL) after undergoing salvage chemotherapy and multiple operations for repeat recurrences. Fifty months after the initial therapy, pancytopenia and myeloblasts were observed in the patient's peripheral blood while the patient was undergoing salvage chemotherapy for a fifth recurrence. A bone marrow examination showed evidence of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB in T) under French-America-British (FAB) classification. Cytogenetic 5q-/7q- abnormalities were also observed. The patient had received a total dose of 189g/m2 of Ifosfamide, 8,250mg/m2 of Etoposide and 1,450 mg/m2 of Cisplatin; therefore, he was diagnosed as having TRL/MDS. The patient has received induction chemotherapy for TRL with Cytarabine, Daunorubicin and Fludarabine while a bone marrow transplantation has been scheduled. Recently, TRL associated with chemotherapy are being reported with increasing frequency in the literature. Since early detection and treatment are necessary for the management of TRL, peripheral blood examinations should be performed after a diagnosis of refractory germ cell tumor has been made. If pancytopenia is detected, bone marrow and cytogenetic examinations should be immediately performed to rule out TRL.
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PMID:[A case of therapy-related leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome following treatment of refractory testicular germ cell tumor]. 1636 57

A nationwide survey of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) was started in Japan in 1991, and the analyzed survey data have been presented as the annual report of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. The 10-year overall survival (OS) rates after HCT for each disease are as follows: acute myelogenous leukemia, 44.2%; acute lymphocytic leukemia, 33.7%; adult T-cell leukemia, 24.6%; chronic myelogenous leukemia, 53.3%; myelodysplastic syndrome, 37.3%; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 41.5%; Hodgkin's lymphoma, 50.8%; aplastic anemia, 72.5%; breast cancer, 37.1%; germ cell tumor, 52.6%; and ovarian cancer, 44.2%. The 5-year OS rates for multiple myeloma and lung cancer were 40.6% and 23.6%, respectively. Except in cord blood transplantation, engraftment was accomplished in more than 90% of patients. The respective frequencies of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and chronic GVHD were 41.1% and 34.9% for related bone marrow transplantation (BMT), 66.8% and 34.5% for unrelated BMT, 52.9% and 36.0% for allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, and 53.3% and 32.1% for allogeneic cord blood transplantation. OS for each disease was analyzed by patient age, stem cell source, donor type, disease status, and disease type. These data provide objective and valuable information for hematologists as well as for patients who need HCT.
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PMID:Current status of hematopoietic cell transplantation for adult patients with hematologic diseases and solid tumors in Japan. 1651 37

A 24-year-old Japanese man was admitted due to bloody phlegm in May 2002. A diagnosis of mediastinal germ cell tumor, mixed type involving seminoma, immature teratoma and embryonal carcinoma, was made by transthoracic needle biopsy. Three months later, his complete blood counts revealed pancytopenia with high fever. Examination of bone marrow revealed increased atypical large histiocytes (5.6%) with hemophagocytosis, and thus, hemophagocytic syndrome related to germ cell tumor was diagnosed. In addition, chromosomal analysis of the bone marrow cells revealed a 47, XY, +9 genotype. Chemotherapies for germ cell tumor and hemophagocytic syndrome were performed without any improvement, and he died of diffuse alveolar damage. Autopsy revealed diffuse infiltration of immature histiocytes with hemophagocytosis in the liver, spleen and bone marrow. The atypical histiocytes were positive for CD68 and lysozyme and negative for lymphoid markers, and the diagnosis of true malignant histiocytosis associated with mediastinal germ cell tumor was made. The rare chromosomal abnormality of trisomy 9, a marker for benzene-related leukemia, was seen in the present case without apparent benzene exposure.
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PMID:True malignant histiocytosis with trisomy 9 following primary mediastinal germ cell tumor. 1680 92

The biologic behaviour of teratomas depends on various interdependent clinical and epidemiologic variables such as the age at diagnosis, sex, tumor site, histology which all correlate to different cytogenetic and molecular biologic aberrations. Thus, testicular teratomas of infancy are generally benign. Accordingly, prepubertal teratomas show no cytogenetic or molecular genetic aberrations. In contrast, postpubertal testicular teratomas can present as clinically malignant tumors and may show complex cytogenetic aberrations such as the isochromosome 12p, which is pathognomonic of malignant germ cell tumors. Notably, teratomas of both age groups show an at least partial erasure of the genomic imprinting, correlating with their origin from primordial germ cells. The Kiel Pediatric Tumor Registry includes 541 teratoma specimens, and among these, the most frequent tumor sites (in descending order) are: the sacrococcygeal region (33.8 %), the ovaries (31.2 %) and the testes (10.5 %). Rare localizations include the mediastinum, the retroperitoneum, the head and neck region as well as the central nervous system. The WHO classification of germ cell tumors distinguishes mature and immature teratomas as well as teratomas with malignant transformation. In immature teratomas, primitive neuroectodermal structures predominate. According to the grading system (Gonzalez-Crussi, 1982), mature teratomas (G0) are more frequent (54.5 %) than immature teratomas (G1-G3, 45.5 %). Only 7.8 % of all teratomas show the highest grade of immaturity (G3). The frequency of additional microscopic foci of malignant yolk sac tumor correlates with the grade of immaturity. In sacrococcygeal teratomas, the yolk sac tumor microfoci may give rise to a malignant relapse after incomplete resection. The rare teratomas with malignant transformation contain components with "conventional" somatic type malignancy such as leukaemia, carcinoma or sarcoma. Here, molecular genetic analysis has demonstrated the origin of the somatic malignancy from a malignant transformation within the germ cell tumor with retention of the cytogenetic changes characteristic of malignant germ cell tumors.
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PMID:Pathology and molecular biology of teratomas in childhood and adolescence. 1708 Mar 30

(6-Aminomethylnicotinate)dichloridoplatinum(II) complexes 4 esterified with terpene alcohols were tested on a panel of five human tumor cell lines. While they were accumulated in all cell lines more readily than cisplatin (CDDP), their cytotoxicities were tumor-specific and structure-dependent. Cell lines known to feature elevated levels of antiapoptotic, ion-channel-affecting proteins or otherwise impaired caspase-9 activation responded better to 4 than to CDDP, e.g., the HL-60 leukemia to the fenchyl and bornyl derivatives 4a,b at an IC90 < or = 10 microM. The (-)-menthyl complex 4g was far better accumulated and more efficacious in CDDP-resistant 1411HP male germ cell tumor cells than in the congenerous CDDP-sensitive H12.1 cell line. 4g also broke the CDDP resistance of 518A2 melanoma cells. Cell decay in each case was apoptotic as to TUNEL and Annexin V fluorescence assays. Some complexes 4 seem to positively modulate the permeability of the cell membrane and of blocked mitochondrial anion channels.
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PMID:Monoterpenes as drug shuttles: cytotoxic (6-aminomethylnicotinate)dichloridoplatinum(II) complexes with potential to overcome cisplatin resistance. 1732 36

Cancer occurring in infants often has clinical and biological properties that are different from those of the same histologic type of cancer occurring in older children. The histologic distribution of cancers in infants and that in older children are also different. We collected infant cases diagnosed as having cancer from the database of the Cancer Registry in our Medical Center between 1995 and 2004. One hundred and twenty infants (66 males and 54 females), including 17 neonates, were diagnosed with cancer over this 10-year period. The top five cancer subtypes were: leukemia in 34 infants (28.3%), retinoblastoma in 19 (15.8%), neuroblastoma in 16 (13.3%), germ cell tumor in 15 (12.5%), and brain tumor in 14 (11.7%). The overall disease-free survival rate was 54. 2% (65/120) with a median follow-up duration of 7.6 years for the survivors. From the cancer registry in our hospital during the same period, 1995-2004, infant cases accounted for 9.5% of the total 1,269 children with cancer diagnosed at the age younger than 15 years. The percent distribution of the major types of cancer was different in the infant and the childhood group. According to the Taiwan Pediatric Oncology Group's data analysis, the infant cancer incidence rate in Taiwan is 207.6 per million infants for years 1995-2004. Our study confirmed that the prognosis is very poor for infant leukemia and rhabdoid tumor, while that is good for embryonal tumors and germ cell tumors occurring in the infancy.
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PMID:Cancers in infancy: percent distribution and incidence rates. 1740 77

We retrospectively analyzed 163 patients who had been cryopreservating their sperm one year or more. They consisted of 72, 76 and 15 patients with a germ cell tumor, hematologic cancer and other diseases, respectively. Forty-eight patients (29.4%) were still cryoperservating their sperm, and the average period of cryoperservation was 4.7 +/- 3.0 years (1-13.1 years). Only 6 patients (3.7%) had used their cryopreserved sperm and the average preserved period was 6.0 years (1.3-12 years). In 115 of the 163 cases, the cryopreserved sperm was abandoned, and the main reason was the recovery of spermatogenesis. Of the cases that underwent semen analysis after treatment, 20.9% of the patients with testicular cancer and 57.9% of the patients with hematologic cancer, have not recovered spermatogenesis. Because chemotherapy to the testicular tumor and leukemia risk injuring testiclar function, cryopreservation of the sperm before treatment should be recommended. Because the preservation period tends to be prolonged, development of a system for long-time preservation is awaited.
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PMID:[Semen cryopreservation for patients with malignant or non-malignant disease: our 14-year experience]. 1787 44

To study the occurrence of leukemia as a second malignancy following various primary solid and hematological malignancies. Total 11 cases of leukemia presenting as a second malignancy were studied over a period of 15 years from 1990 to 2005. The primary malignancies included carcinoma breast (4), multiple myeloma (3) and one each of Hodgkin's lymphoma, mediastinal germ cell tumor, papillary carcinoma thyroid and myxopapillary ependymoma. Ten patients had received chemotherapy with combination radiotherapy in six patients. The commonest type of leukemia was AML-M2. The cyogenetic test results were available in three cases. The secondary leukemia showed aggressive behaviour and all patients on follow-up died within a period of one month. The risk benefit ratio of chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be considered before starting the patients on treatment. A high degree of suspicion and follow up with hematological parameters is required for therapy related complications.
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PMID:Leukemia as a second malignancy. 1788 71

The association of hematological malignancies with a mediastinal germ cell tumor (GCT) is very rare. We report one case of a young adult male with primary mediastinal GCT who subsequently developed acute megakaryoblastic leukemia involving isochromosome (12p). A 25-yr-old man had been diagnosed with a mediastinal GCT and underwent surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. At 1 week after the last cycle of chemotherapy, his peripheral blood showed leukocytosis with blasts. A bone marrow study confirmed the acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. A cytogenetic study revealed a complex karyotype with i(12p). Although additional chemotherapy was administered, the patient could not attain remission and died of septic shock. This case was definitely distinct from therapy-related secondary leukemia in terms of clinical, morphologic, and cytogenetic features. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a patient with mediastinal GCT subsequently developing acute megakaryoblastic leukemia involving i(12p) in Korea.
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PMID:Development of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with isochromosome (12p) after a primary mediastinal germ cell tumor in Korea. 2186 May 63


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