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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 24 patients were cultured in vitro in the presence of autologous peripheral serum and bone marrow blood serum, with and without PHA stimulation. Bone marrow serum showed a well defined effect, in the absence of PHA stimulation, on lymphocytes from 4 patients (2 affected by acute leukaemia, 1 by megaloblastic anemia and 1 by benign idiopathic paraproteinaemia), and a less defined effect on lymphocytes from 2 donors (1 affected by iron deficiency anemia and 1 by thalassemia minor). No difference attributable to the source of blood serum was observed in PHA stimulated cultures. These results do not allow defined statements. Peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in vitro were affected by bone marrow blood serum only in some subjects. A clear cut correlation between this effect and the clinical features of our patients was not evident.
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PMID:[Blastogenetic activity of medullary blood serum of patients with various blood diseases]. 90 42

Nine patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and one patient with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia have been treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo), at the dose of 150 U/kg/day. Although serum Epo levels were correlated with hemoglobin concentrations in the whole population of patients, they clearly appeared inadequate in some instances, if compared to those of a group of control subjects with iron deficiency anemia. Moreover, no correlation was found between serum Epo and reticulocytes. Six patients showed a partial or complete response to the treatment and the outcome was not correlated with the pre-therapy serum Epo levels; however, serum Epo was less than 100 mU/ml in three of four patients who achieved a complete response. The mechanism(s) by which Epo stimulated erythrocyte production in myelodysplastic patients is unclear, because the number of both the reticulocytes and erythroid progenitors remained unchanged during and at the conclusion of a three months' therapy. Further studies are needed to better define the optimal dosage required to correct anemia in myelodysplastic syndromes, and to clarify rhEpo mechanism of action in these diseases.
Leukemia 1992 Apr
PMID:Recombinant human erythropoietin for treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. 158 94

Of the 1,310 bone marrow examinations performed in a 16-month period in patients with diverse haematological, oncological and other disorders, 620 had sufficient data for analysis. Seventy-nine percent were from the two main hospitals viz: Parirenyatwa and Harare Central Hospitals. Investigation for anaemia (42.6 percent), staging of malignant disease (14.4 percent) and pancytopenia (10.3 percent) formed the commonest triad of indications for requesting the examination. There were 318 (51 percent) males, mean age +/- s.d. of 33.8 +/- 22.6 years (range 6 months to 80 years); and 302 (49 percent) females, mean age +/- s.d. of 32.6 +/- 20.7 years (range 6 months to 78 years) giving a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Of the 620 patients studied, 452 (73 percent) were adults (M:F ratio of 1:1) mean age +/- s.d. of 42.8 +/- 17.3 years (range 16-80 years); and 168 (27 percent) were children (M:F ratio of 1.1:1) mean age +/- s.d. of 7.3 +/- 4.5 years (range 6 months to 15 years). The three commonest diseases in the combined (adults and children) group were: megaloblastic anaemia (25.2 percent); acute or chronic leukaemia (19.2 percent) and iron deficiency anaemia (10.5 percent). These three diseases respectively accounted for 32 percent, 17.5 percent and 10.8 percent of the cases in the adult (16 years and over) group; whereas in the paediatric (0-15 years) group, the top three diseases were: acute leukaemia (22 percent); Hodgkins and non-Hodgkins lymphomas (14.3 percent) and retinoblastoma (13.7 percent). These preliminary observations indicate some of the commonest haematological and oncological disorders where intense research might be beneficial to the community in Zimbabwe.
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PMID:A prospective analysis of 620 bone marrow examinations in Zimbabwe: preliminary observations. 277 9

Plasma and urine levels of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) were measured in 35 normal subjects, in 24 patients with nonneoplastic diseases (iron deficiency anemia, peptic ulcer, and cholelithiasis), and in 50 leukemic patients. The leukemic group included patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia. All patients were recently diagnosed and untreated, except for 5 patients with blastic transformation of chronic myelogenous leukemia who had been previously treated. There were no significant differences in plasma and urine cyclic nucleotide levels between normal subjects and patients with nonneoplastic diseases. In leukemic patients, plasma and urine cAMP levels were similar to those of normal subjects, whereas plasma and urine cGMP levels were markedly elevated. There were no significant differences in cGMP values between the various types of leukemia. After starting treatment, plasma cyclic nucleotide levels were periodically measured in 21 of the patients with acute leukemia; cGMP levels were normalized in all the 16 subjects who attained complete remission, whereas both cAMP and cGMP levels were apparently unaffected in the patients who did not respond to treatment. This suggests that plasma or urine cGMP could be used as an additional parameter to monitor the patient's response to treatment.
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PMID:Plasma and urine cyclic nucleotide levels in patients with acute and chronic leukemia. 629 36

Management of hematologic disorders in older patients must often be weighed in a setting of decreased physiological reserves and concurrent illnesses. Anemia in the elderly should never be attributed to old age. Even a mild anemia in collusion with multiple physical and mental problems may tip the balance for those previously able to cope with their disabilities. Iron deficiency anemia and the anemia of chronic disease are the most common types of anemia in the elderly. Nutritional anemias due to folate or vitamin B(12) deficiency are treatable and should not be overlooked. Newer chemotherapy regimens for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia have been effective in many older patients. Decisions to treat are sometimes difficult, often depending on the aggregate of coexistent physical and mental disorders. The most prevalent type of leukemia in the elderly is chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A benign asymptomatic course requires no therapy, but aggressive disease requires treatment. Multiple myeloma should be suspected in an elderly person who has both unexplained anemia and bone pain. After definitive diagnosis, phlebotomy therapy should be considered for both polycythemia vera and secondary erythrocytosis to reduce blood viscosity and increase cerebral blood flow.
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PMID:Hematologic disorders in the elderly. 680 66

Amounts of radio-labelled substances as low as 10(-18) moles incorporated into individual cells can be measured by utilizing techniques of quantitative autoradiography. For this purpose, radioactive standard sources are processed with the labelled cells smeared to slides. Carbon-14 is a favourable isotope with regard to minimal loss of beta-disintegrations due to self-absorption, and to limited cross-fire effects complicating the attribution of silver grains to individual cells. Silver grain densities can be counted by automated microphotometry allowing on-line data processing by an interfaced computer. Rate measurements of 14C-thymidine incorporation into individual cells yield values of the DNA synthesis rate provided that the endogenous pathway of thymidine-phosphate formation has been previously blocked. From the rate values of individual cells the DNA synthesis time of a cell compartment is derived. This is an essential time parameter for the evaluation of kinetic events in proliferating cell populations. This method is applicable to human cells without radiation hazard to man, and provides an optimal source of detailed information on the kinetics of normal and diseased human haematopoiesis. Examples of application consist of thalassaemia, malaria infection, iron deficiency anaemia and acute myelogenous leukaemia.
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PMID:Quantitative carbon-14 autoradiography at the cellular level: principles and application for cell kinetic studies. 701 61

With a newly developed enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit TOYOBO Co. in which 2 anti-EPO monoclonal antibodies were used, we assayed EPO concentration in sera from normal adults, 168 patients with renal failure and 333 patients with hematological disorders. In the patients with renal failure, serum EPO level was normal (52.9%) or reduced (42.9%), and there was no correlation to their hematocrits. However, there was an increment in EPO concentration correlated to their severity of anemia in the most patients with hematological disorders, such as iron deficiency anemia (correlation coefficient r = -0.74), aplastic anemia (r = -0.89), leukemia (r = -0.81), and MDS (r = -0.65). On the other hand, EPO concentration in sera from all the untreated patients with polycythemia vera were significantly low level. But the concentrations of EPO from the patients successfully treated, with normal hematocrit were recovered to normal level. In the patients with secondary polycythemia, there were much varieties in EPO level. Assay of EPO in blood is important not only for diagnosis of polycythemia but also for the analysis of anemia and clinical use of EPO in vivo. The method described here is accurate and technically not complicated, and could be widely induced in most laboratories.
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PMID:[Assay of erythropoietin in serum with short term enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method--the clinical significance, Part 1: Relation to anemia in renal failure and hematological disorders]. 834 55

With a newly developed short term enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit (TOYOBO Co.), in which 2 kinds of anti-EPO monoclonal antibodies were used, we assayed EPO concentration in sera from patients with renal failure and hematological disorders. In this report, the EPO data were analysed in relation to serum iron concentrations, with ferritin and UIBC. In the patients with renal failure, there was no significant correlation between EPO concentration and serum iron, ferritin, nor UIBC concentration. On the other hand, in the patients with hematological disorders, there were two types. One was in patients with iron deficiency anemia, whose serum EPO was negatively correlated to serum iron (r = -0.64) and ferritin (r = -0.59), but positively related to UIBC (r = 0.27). The another was the pattern in patients with aplastic anemia, leukemia and MDS, whose serum EPO positively correlated to iron and ferritin but negatively correlated to UIBC. In the patients with aplastic anemia serum EPO had good correlation to serum iron (r = 0.62), ferritin (r = 0.60) and UIBC (r = -0.46). The relationship of EPO to iron in the patients with leukemia (r = 0.54), and EPO to ferritin in the patients with MDS (r = 0.42) show significantly positive correlation coefficient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Assay of erythropoietin in serum with short term enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method--the clinical significance: Part 2--:Relation to serum iron, UIBC and ferritin in renal failure and hematological disorders]. 835 May 9

We evaluated a newly developed enzymeimmunoassay for serum erythropoietin (Epo) and investigated relationship between Epo levels and hematological disorders. This method has several advantages including simplicity, high sensitivity, good precision. Moreover, the procedure requires only about 2.5 hours. Samples from 134 healthy subjects showed a normal logarithmic distribution, and its normal range was 4.5 approximately 21.3 mU/ml. The levels of Epo in normal subjects and various hematological disorders were as follows: 10.5 +/- 4.1 (mean +/- SD mU/ml) in normal subjects, 2.2 +/- 1.7 in polycythemia vera (PV), 6.1 +/- 3.1 in essential thrombocythemia, 17.8 +/- 27.3 in chronic myelogeneous leukemia, 3.6 +/- 1.8 in stress erythrocytosis, 39.4 and 14.1 in two cases of primary myelofibrosis, 1289 +/- 4798 in iron deficiency anemia and 6564 +/- 10870 in aplastic anemia. In patients with PV, serum Epo were low and did not correlate with hemoglobin concentration. However, inverse correlation was found between changes of Epo levels and hemoglobin levels in most patients. In cases in which PV progressed into myelofibrosis, anemia developed and Epo levels increased accordingly. These results suggest that the method is thought to be useful and reliable for the diagnosis and monitoring of PV and related hematological disorders.
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PMID:[Evaluation of a one step sandwich enzymeimmunoassay for serum erythropoietin--serum erythropoietin values in polycythemia vera and related hematological disorders]. 835 12

Cell cycle stage distribution of bone marrow cells was studied at flow cytometry in 137 hematological patients. They had acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, lymphosarcoma with leukemization, blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia, iron deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia (31, 34, 18, 12, 17, 8, 9, 8 cases, respectively). It was found that in leukemia, and to a lesser degree in anemia, stability of the cell cycle was impaired. In leukemia onset, recurrence and remission, the proportion S/(G2+M) appeared increased evidencing defective DNA synthesis by myelokaryocytes and ineffective hemopoiesis. Similar changes were seen in pernicious and aplastic anemia.
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PMID:[Changes in the stability of the parameters of the bone marrow cell cycle in hematologic diseases]. 942 52


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