Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many cancers strike young males who have not yet started or completed families. Since cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation can irreversibly affect spermatogenesis, sperm cryopreservation is an important option for storing male reproductive potential. In this report, we review our database of 10 years of experience with cryostorage for male cancer patients. We assess types of cancer, timing of collection, sperm quality, and utilization for reproductive purposes. We also report specimen disposal and rates of patient death. There were a total of 164 oncology patients electing to freeze sperm at our institution during the study period. Types of cancer were varied, with testicular cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma, leukemia, and gastrointestinal cancers comprising the largest groups. Evaluation of semen parameters for these groups revealed that oligospermia, even prior to initiation of cancer therapy, was common. Sperm counts, motility, and morphology did not differ by type of cancer. Interestingly, less than 5% of patients utilized their specimens for reproductive purposes. Seven insemination cycles yielded no pregnancies, while one of two IVF attempts and the single ICSI case were successful. In conclusion, the epidemiological review of our database suggests that sperm cryostorage for fertility preservation in male cancer patients is under-utilized. Additionally, there is minimal use of cryopreserved specimens for reproductive purposes. We speculate that this under-utilization may be due to the paucity of reports regarding reproductive outcome after freezing. It is our objective to provide a compilation of data that will prove useful to both physicians and patients who are considering sperm cryopreservation.
 ...
PMID:Sperm cryopreservation for male patients with cancer: an epidemiological analysis at the University of Pennsylvania. 1504 Nov 22

This paper is based on a lecture given during the Oncological Forum, Oslo, in November 2002. Long-term morbidity in cancer survivors is exemplified by results of clinical research in testicular cancer survivors (TCSs). The most serious complication is the development of second, non-germ cell malignancies (relative risk [RR]: 1.4-1.6). After infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy, most solid malignancies are diagnosed within or near the target volume. Combined chemo-radiotherapy increases this risk. Chemotherapy-induced leukaemia is usually reported after 4-7 years. After 3 or 4 cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, 15-20% of TCSs suffer from peripheral sensory neuropathy, Raynaud-like phenomena and/or ototoxicity. Hypogonadism is observed in 16%. The risk of cardiac complications is increased by hypercholestorolaemia and abnormal body mass. Pelvic radiotherapy and cisplatin-based chemotherapy are followed by transient oligo/azospermia with recovery after 6-12 months. The risk of surgery-related 'dry ejaculation' is significantly reduced after unilateral and nerve-sparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, but infertility remains a long-term problem in 10-15% of survivors. Most TCSs describe their quality of life as comparable with that of the age-matched male general population. Not all long-term complications are avoidable after curative treatment of cancer. Knowledge of post-treatment long-term morbidity is essential for early recognition and treatment of late complications, and enables adequate counselling of new cancer patients.
 ...
PMID:Long-term sequelae after cancer therapy--survivorship after treatment for testicular cancer. 1516 60

Occupational exposure to diesel exhaust has been classified as probably carcinogenic and that to gasoline engine exhaust as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Earlier results concerning cancers other than lung cancer are scarce and inconsistent, and exposure-response relations have seldom been reported. We followed up a cohort of all economically active Finns born between 1906 and 1945 for 30 million person-years during 1971-1995. Incident cases of esophageal cancer (n = 2,198), ovarian cancer (5,082), testicular cancer (387), kidney cancer (7,366), bladder cancer (8,110) and leukemia (4,562) were identified through a record linkage with the Finnish Cancer Registry. Occupations from the population census in 1970 were converted to exposures to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts with a job-exposure matrix (FINJEM). Cumulative exposure (CE) was calculated as product of prevalence, level and estimated duration of exposure. The relative risk (RR) of cancer for exposure categories in relation to the unexposed group was calculated using the Poisson regression model and adjusted for confounders. An increasing RR for ovarian cancer was observed with the increasing CE of diesel exhaust (p for trend = 0.006). The RR in the highest CE category was 3.69 (95% CI = 1.38-9.86). For gasoline engine exhaust, the RR was significantly increased only in the middle CE category (1.70; 95% CI = 1.11-2.62). Slight elevations of RR for bladder and kidney cancers were found at the lowest exposure level of engine exhausts, largely attributable to drivers. No effect of the exposures was observed for the other cancers. This study suggests an exposure-response relation between diesel exhaust and ovarian cancer.
 ...
PMID:Risk of esophageal, ovarian, testicular, kidney and bladder cancers and leukemia among finnish workers exposed to diesel or gasoline engine exhaust. 1519 84

Owing to an increasing number of long-term cancer survivors, the use of health care services and somatic health problems were compared between cancer survivors and a noncancer population. Data from the Nord-Trondelag Health Survey 2 (HUNT 2, 1995-1997) was merged with the Cancer Registry of Norway. Six cancer subgroups were constructed with diagnosis 5 years prior HUNT 2: testicular cancer (n= 59), colorectal cancer (n= 175), prostate cancer (n= 87), breast cancer (n= 258), gynaecological cancer (n= 153) and lymphoma/leukaemia (n= 83). For each cancer survivor 3 matched noncancer controls were selected from the HUNT 2 survey. The prevalence of common health problems, use of health care services and unfavourably life style parameters were compared between the 2 groups. Cancer survivors used health care services and received social welfare benefits more often than the controls. There was an increased risk of perceiving poor health after a history of cancer. Common health problems and/or unfavourable life style parameters could not explain poor health or the increased use of health care services among cancer survivors. Further studies are needed to investigate the reasons for increased use of health care services and perceived poor health in cancer survivors.
 ...
PMID:Self-reported health and use of health care services in long-term cancer survivors. 1554 13

Intrauterine and perinatal factors have been linked to risk of childhood leukemia, testicular cancer, and breast cancer in the offspring. The pool of stem cells in target tissue has been suggested as a critical factor linking early life exposures to cancer. We examined the relation between intrauterine hormone levels and measurements of stem cell potential in umbilical cord blood. Cord blood donors were 40 women, ages >/=18 years, who delivered, from August 2002 to June 2003, a singleton birth after a gestation of at least 37 weeks. We assayed plasma concentrations of estradiol, unconjugated estriol, testosterone, progesterone, prolactin, sex hormone binding globulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF binding protein-3. For stem cell potential, we measured concentrations of CD34(+) and CD34(+)CD38(-) cells and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM). We applied linear regression analysis and controlled for maternal and neonatal characteristics. We found strong positive associations between IGF-I and stem cell measures, 1 SD increase in IGF-I being associated with a 41% increase in CD34(+) (P = 0.008), a 109% increase in CD34(+)CD38(-) (P = 0.005), and a 94% increase in CFU-GM (P = 0.01). Similar associations were observed for IGF binding protein-3. Among steroid hormones, estriol and testosterone were significantly positively associated with CD34(+) and CFU-GM. These findings indicate that levels of growth factors and hormones are strongly associated with stem cell potential in human umbilical cord blood and point to a potential mechanism that may mediate the relationship between in utero exposure to hormones and cancer risk in the offspring.
 ...
PMID:Association of fetal hormone levels with stem cell potential: evidence for early life roots of human cancer. 1566 14

Cancer has been known for a long time to have a depressive effect on sperm number and quality. Cytotoxic agents and radiotherapy have also been shown to impair spermatogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess DNA integrity and chromatin condensation in the spermatozoa of men with cancer before and after treatment. Chromatin condensation was evaluated using flowcytometric assessment with propidium iodide, DNA integrity was determined using the comet assay. Thirty-three men with cancer (testicular cancer, lymphoma and leukaemia) and 14 men with proven fertility took part in the study. The study found that in men with cancer, the percentage of spermatozoa with highly condensed DNA was less than that of controls. DNA integrity when assessed using the comet assay was also reduced by cancer. Percentage head DNA intact and percentage of condensed chromatin in the spermatozoa of men with cancer after treatment were less than those in fertile men. This study, although small, does demonstrate a detrimental effect on chromatin condensation and DNA integrity of cancer and its treatment. These findings are important because of the potential effects impaired chromatin and DNA integrity could have on fertilization, blastocyst and embryo development.
 ...
PMID:An evaluation of chromatin condensation and DNA integrity in the spermatozoa of men with cancer before and after therapy. 1602 29

A few twin studies on cancer have addressed questions on the possible carcinogenic or protective effects of twining by comparing the occurrence of cancer in twins and singletons. The nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database of 10.2 million individuals and 69,654 0- to 70-year-old twin pairs were used to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all main cancers compared to singletons. The overall risk of cancer in same- or different-sex twins was at the same level as the risk for singletons. Testicular cancer, particularly seminoma, was increased among same-sex twins (1.54) and all twins to an SIR of 1.38. Among other tumors, neurinomas and non-thyroid endocrine gland tumors were increased. Colorectal cancers and leukemia were decreased among all twins. Melanoma and squamous cell skin cancer were decreased in male same-sex twins. The data on this unselected population of twins suggest that twinning per se is not a risk factor of cancer. In utero hormonal exposures or postnatal growth stimulation may be related to the risk of testicular cancer and pituitary tumors. Protective effects against colorectal cancer may be related to a beneficial diet, and in melanoma and skin cancer, to socioeconomic factors. The study involved multiple comparisons, and internal consistency between the results was one of the main factors considered for their plausibility. The results should encourage others working on twin and singleton populations to examine the specific associations and emerging hypotheses.
 ...
PMID:Are twins at risk of cancer: results from the Swedish family-cancer database. 1621 40

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have a predisposition to leukaemia and testicular cancer, but data on the incidence of cancers are yet sparse. A cohort of 3,581 persons with DS was identified from a National Registry of Finnish persons with intellectual disability collected between 1978 and 1986 and followed-up for cancer incidence until 2002. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were defined as ratios of observed number of cancer cases to those expected from the national cancer incidence rates, by age and sex. The overall cancer risk was equal to that of the general population, but a significantly high risk of leukaemia (SIR 10.5, CI 95% 6.6-15.8) and testicular cancer (SIR4.8, CI 95% 1.8-10.4) was found.
 ...
PMID:Cancer incidence of persons with Down syndrome in Finland: a population-based study. 1623 34

Children whose twins have had leukaemia have a higher risk of contracting acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), confirming a prenatal origin of the disease. This association was not true when considering other types of affected first-degree relatives. Children whose fathers were diagnosed with testicular cancer have a higher risk of ALL.
 ...
PMID:Association of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with cancers in family members. 1628 1

A 33-year-old male patient with Down syndrome, who stayed in a welfare institution, visited our hospital due to left testicular enlargement. He was diagnosed as having a left testicular tumor and underwent radical inguinal orchiectomy. Preoperatively, serum level of beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-HCG) increased to 0.9 ng/mL (normal range <0.2 ng/mL). For the last 2 years after orchiectomy, the serum level of beta-HCG remained normal. Histopathological examination of specimen revealed a typical seminoma. It is currently thought that risk of developing leukemia in patients with Down syndrome is 20- to 30-fold higher than that in normal subjects. Furthermore, the incidence of testicular cancer as a complication other than leukemia is expected to increase because of the increasing postpubertal population with Down syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Testicular tumor in Down syndrome. 1632 91


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>