Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Myelosarcomas are rare, solid extramedullary tumors composed of granulocyte precursors in most cases associated with leukemia. A 38-year-old nonleukemic female presented with a myelosarcoma of the cavernous sinus. After surgical removal of the cavernous sinus tumor she was treated by chemotherapy and whole brain radiation therapy. Despite this aggressive therapy, she died 4 months after surgical intervention.
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PMID:Myelosarcoma of the cavernous sinus in a nonleukemic patient--case report. 1084 89

Chloroma (leukemic infiltrate or granulocytic sarcoma) is a localized extramedullary mass of immature granulocytic cells. They are uncommon tumors that usually occur in patients with leukemia, mostly of the myeloid type. Involvement in the head and neck region is rare. Granulocytic sarcomas of the face, maxilla, paranasal sinuses, temporal bone, and pharynx have all been documented in the past. We present the first reported case of a granulocytic sarcoma involving the masseteric muscle in an 8-month-old white male diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The lesion resolved with chemotherapy but the patient subsequently died. This case reaffirms the importance of including chloroma in the differential diagnosis of lesions in patients with AML and the prognostic value they hold.
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PMID:Chloroma of the masseteric muscle. 1086 26

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a malignant tumour composed of poorly differentiated myeloid cells forming in an extramedullary site. It is generally associated with acute leukaemia, particularly the myelocytic type. Its appearance in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia is exceptional. GS can appear in multiple locations with the oral cavity being rarely involved. A mandibular GS detected in a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia 10 days after a tooth extraction is reported. The pathogenesis (by metastatic cells or migration through the Haversian canals) of the tumour is discussed.
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PMID:Intra-alveolar granulocytic sarcoma developing after tooth extraction. 1096 59

A 73-year-old man was admitted because of back pain and paralysis of the lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine at the Th4-6 level, obtained after gadolinium injection, demonstrated abnormal signal intensity within the Th5-6 vertebral bodies and an extradural soft-tissue mass on the right posterior side of the spinal canal, compressing the thecal sac. The patient underwent prompt decompression with laminectomy, but this was unsuccessful. A biopsy sample of the mass revealed the histological features of granulocytic sarcoma, including diffuse infiltration of numerous cells containing cytoplasmic granules and immunohistochemical positivity for myeloperoxidase. Two months later, a subcutaneous soft-tissue mass appeared at the anterior chest wall, and this was confirmed to be granulocytic sarcoma by microscopic examination. Both of these tumors were radiosensitive, but the patient died of septic shock. Granulocytic sarcoma usually occurs in association with leukemia or other myeloproliferative disorders. However, it is rarely found before leukemia becomes evident in the peripheral blood or bone marrow; only eight such instances have been reported previously.
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PMID:[Granulocytic sarcoma presenting as an epidural mass with spinal cord compression]. 1102 Sep 93

Granulocytic sarcoma of the skin is frequently associated with haematological diseases and is rarely isolated. The disease generally develops into acute systemic myeloid leukaemia and is associated with a poor prognosis. We report an elderly patient presenting isolated granulocytic sarcoma of the skin who showed a very good response to treatment with local radiotherapy and low-dose methotrexate.
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PMID:Isolated granulocytic sarcoma of the skin in an elderly patient: good response to treatment with local radiotherapy and low-dose methotrexate. 1103 70

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a rare extramedullary tumor composed of immature myeloid cells. It is usually associated with leukemia or other myeloproliferative disorders, but can also occur without overt hematologic disease, i.e. in patients with a normal bone marrow and no history of acute myelogenous leukemia. This primary extramedullary lesion may indeed represent a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for both the hematopathologist and oncologist. We describe a case of GS diagnosed in a nonleukemic patient and review the literature regarding the pathologic features and treatment of this condition.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma with breast and skin presentation: a report of a case successfully treated by local radiation and systemic chemotherapy. 1140 19

Granulocytic sarcoma is an extramedullary tumor associated with acute or chronic leukemias or myeloproliferative disorders. Rarely, the tumor may be seen before the diagnosis of leukemia. Symptomatic facial nerve paralysis and spinal cord invasion by granulocytic sarcomas are also relatively uncommon. We present here a 17-year-old-female patient who had facial nerve paralysis and paraplegia due to granulocytic sarcoma as the presenting symptoms of acute myeloid leukemia.
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PMID:Facial nerve paralysis and paraplegia as presenting symptoms of acute myeloid leukemia. 1130 48

Malignant myeloid blast cells may occasionally form a solid mass in tissues outside the haemopoietic system. These tumours are known as chloromas or granulocytic sarcomas. Chloromas occur most commonly in the context of acute myelogenous leukaemia but, rarely, they occur in the absence of other haematological disease, and may be misdiagnosed as lymphoma. A case of a previously well 35-year-old woman presenting with rapidly progressive triplegia caused by a paraspinal and extradural cervical chloroma with no evidence of bone marrow or other haematological involvement is described. Few cases of spinal cord compression caused by chloroma in otherwise healthy patients have been reported. Morphological features of myeloid differentiation, histochemistry and immunohistochemistry, may all aid in rapid diagnosis and allow early and appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Spinal chloroma presenting with triplegia in an aleukaemic patient. 1152 46

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a form of extramedullary leukaemia (EML). The presence of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) on the surface of the blasts, which is recognized by the CD56 monoclonal antibody, enhances their propensity for tissue penetration. GS within the central nervous system (CNS), in particular within the cerebellum, is extremely uncommon. We review the literature and describe an infant with isolated cerebellar GS relapse, which antedated a CD56+ acute monoblastic leukaemia bone marrow (BM) relapse.
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PMID:Cerebellar granulocytic sarcoma in an infant with CD56+ acute monoblastic leukemia. 1159 37

Granulocytic sarcoma is considered to be rare and its frequent occurrence is associated with specific genetic changes such as t(8;21). To investigate an association between MLL (mixed lineage leukemia or myeloid-lymphoid leukemia) rearrangement and granulocytic sarcoma, we applied fluorescence in situ hybridization for detection of the 11q23/MLL rearrangements on the bone marrow cells of 40 patients with childhood acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Nine (22.5%) of 40 patients exhibited MLL rearrangements. Three (33.3%) of these nine patients had granulocytic sarcoma and were younger than 12 months of age. Of these three patients one presented as granulocytic sarcoma of both testes with cerebrospinal fluid involvement, the second case presented in the form of an abdominal mass, and the third as a periorbital granulocytic sarcoma. On the other hand, no granulocytic sarcomas were found among MLL-negative patients. It is likely that MLL-positive infant AML may predispose granulocytic sarcoma. Regarding the findings of our study and those of other reports, we would guess that the incidence of granulocytic sarcoma in pediatric MLL-positive AML may be equal to or greater than the 18 to 24% described in AML with t(8;21). Further investigations designed to identify 11q23/MLL abnormalities of leukemic cells or extramedullary tumor may be helpful for the precise diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma in MLL-positive infant acute myelogenous leukemia: fluorescence in situ hybridization study of childhood acute myelogenous leukemia for detecting MLL rearrangement. 1173 51


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