Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) is a localized tumefaction of immature granulocytes that is typically seen in association with myelogenous leukemia. The primitive cell population seen in biopsy material may be misinterpreted as histiocytic lymphoma or other sarcoma unless additional studies are performed. We saw a 36-year-old woman with promyelocytic leukemia in remission who had the signs and symptoms of an acute coalescent mastoiditis. Histologic examination of the surgical specimen, however, demonstrated a granulocytic sarcoma. Our case exemplifies some of the difficulties that may be encountered in the diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma and illustrates the point that symptoms of an inflammatory process in a patient with a diagnosis of leukemia must be regarded with a degree of suspicion.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) initially seen as acute mastoiditis. 695 53

Acute myeloblastic leukemia is suspected usually because of abnormalities of the peripheral blood or bone marrow. In some cases there may also be an extramedullary focus of leukemic cells called a chloroma or granulocytic sarcoma. On occasion, these tumor masses may precede any evidence of leukemia by months or years. They are often misdiagnosed as lymphomas or granulomas. We present here a case of acute myeloblastic leukemia that was preceded by a granulocytic sarcoma of the clavicle. The initial biopsy of the clavicle was thought to be consistent with Ewing's sarcoma. The patient was treated with systemic chemotherapy prior to gross marrow involvement. He has been in continuous complete remission 34 months after the start of chemotherapy and 44 months after the development of granulocytic sarcoma.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma of the clavicle. 696 4

Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) is a tumor composed of granulocytic precursor cells, preceding or more often occurring during the course of myelogenous leukemia. Three ophthalmic localisations, two in the orbit and one in the uvea, are reported, two cases concerning young adults (29 years) and the third a 10-year-old boy. In all three cases, the tumor preceded the hematologic disease (18 months in the first case, 10 months in the second case, 2 years in the third case). In such cases (when the tumor becomes clinically apparent before the leukemia) diagnosis is often very difficult but can be assisted by studying the morphology of the cells, which show occasional eosinophilic myelocytes. Histochemical staining for esterase activity (Naphtol A.S.D. Chloracetate stain) has greatly improved the ability to make a histopathologic diagnosis before the hematologic manifestations.
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PMID:[Granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) in ophthalmology]. 696 87

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a localized tumour of immature granulocytes that is usually associated with myelogenous leukaemia. We report an unusual case of mastoid GS with meningeal extension but no bone marrow involvement on presentation. Histological examination of the surgical specimen and the characteristic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology showing cytoplasmic granulations and Auer bodies led to the diagnosis of GS. Positive cytochemical staining of the immature CSF cells for naphthol-ASD chloroacetate esterase and myeloperoxidase confirmed their myeloid origin. Immunophenotyping did not reveal common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen, cytokeratin, T- or B-cell antigens. The patient underwent surgical resection of the localized tumour, followed by radiation therapy, intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy, as if he had acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). He did not develop AML in the 21 months after the tumour resection. This case emphasizes the value of CSF cytological examination of tumour cells and the use of an immunocytochemical marker for differentiating GS from malignant lymphoma.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid cytology in granulocytic sarcoma with meningeal extension but without bone marrow involvement. 751 24

Production of metalloproteinases such as collagenases has been reported to be involved in the metastasis of cancer cells. Granulocytic sarcoma in extramedullary sites can be formed by similar steps to other cancers. In this study, we have examined the secretion of type IV collagenases and a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in several human leukemia cell lines, including a granulocytic sarcoma-derived cell line established from a patient with granulocytic sarcomas in dermal tissues. We have also examined the invasive capacity of these leukemia cell lines into reconstituted basement membrane, Matrigel, which was used for in vitro invasion assay. Among the human leukemia cell lines used in this study, only the granulocytic sarcoma cell line was found to secrete type IV collagenase constitutively. Other myeloid leukemia cell lines such as HL-60 and U-937 produced type IV collagenase only after treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. All the cell lines secreted similar amounts of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. In vitro invasion assay revealed that the granulocytic sarcoma cell line showed higher invasive capacity than the other cell lines. These results suggest that the secretion of 92 kDa type IV collagenase plays a role in the leukemia cells' invasion of extramedullary tissues.
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PMID:A possible role of 92 kDa type IV collagenase in the extramedullary tumor formation in leukemia. 774

From the survey that first identified cancer effects of foetal irradiation and related sources has come support for the following hypotheses: (1) competing causes of death for childhood cancers include abortions (solid tumours) and infections (RES neoplasms); (2) the forms taken by RES neoplasms vary with the nature and intensity of indigenous infections; (3) ideal conditions for developing diffuse RES neoplasms (leukaemia) include the gross immunological incompetence caused by trisomy 21; (4) the unusually localised RES neoplasms found in children who have survived repeated attacks of malaria (Burkitt lymphoma and chloroma) are probably the result of these children having exceptionally high levels of passive as well as active immunity; and (5) when teratogenic effects of in utero mutations include faulty erythropoiesis as well as faulty leucopoiesis, infections are not the only rival causes of death.
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PMID:Childhood cancers and competing causes of death. 786 38

Acute myelomonocytic leukemia is a neoplastic blood disease that can occur as an extramedullary tumor called a granulocytic sarcoma. Granulocytic sarcoma can be the presenting feature of acute leukemia and can occur as an abdominal or pelvic mass. Two cases of granulocytic sarcomas presenting as ovarian masses in patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia with a characteristic inversion of chromosome 16 are described and the current literature regarding treatment and prognosis is reviewed.
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PMID:Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with abnormal eosinophils presenting as an ovarian mass: a report of two cases and a review of the literature. 789 4

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is a local tumour mass that is associated with acute leukaemia. It may present simultaneously with leukaemia or may rarely predate it. The following case demonstrates the radiological features of GS and the importance of its recognition in the treatment.
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PMID:Case report: granulocytic sarcoma of the small bowel--a rare presentation of leukaemia. 808 49

Myelosarcoma (granulocytic sarcoma) is a rare tumor seen in patients with known hematologic malignancies such as leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative disorders, as well as in non-leukemic patients. A correct diagnosis in these cases is often difficult, and these are more commonly misdiagnosed as large cell lymphoma. We describe two women, 40 and 89 years of age respectively, in whom a myelosarcoma involving the neck lymph nodes was diagnosed by cytological examination of a fine needle aspiration biopsy, one and 10 weeks before the onset of acute myelogenous leukemia. The fine needle aspiration technique allowed a quick and unexpected diagnosis to be made demonstrating granulocytic differentiation and the presence of myelo-monocytic cells within lymphatic tissue. The simplicity of the procedure, coupled with its reliability and rapidity suggest that fine needle aspiration biopsies should be used more widely as a first choice method in the diagnostic evaluation of palpable lymph nodes.
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PMID:Myelosarcoma preceding acute leukemia diagnosed by fine needle lymph node aspiration: report of two cases. 822 Jan 39

A case of soft tissue chloroma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology is reported. The smears revealed numerous large, granular promyelocytes, rare eosinophils and metamyelocytes. The promyelocytes showed many Auer rods (faggot cells). The histologic sections of the excised tumor confirmed the cytologic diagnosis of chloroma. The patient developed leukemia seven months after excision of the chloroma.
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PMID:Soft tissue chloroma diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. A case report. 829 61


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