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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Localized tumors composed of immature cells of the myelogenous series have been recognized for many years as an uncommon manifestation of granulocytic leukemia. The histologic diagnosis of chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma) may be extremely difficult when the myeloblastic cells are poorly differentiated and the tumor lacks the characteristic green color. The diagnostic difficulty may be further compounded when the granulocytic sarcoma develops before there is peripheral blood or bone marrow evidence of leukemia. Previous criteria for the diagnosis of chloroma have been ambiguous because of the capricious nature of the hydroperoxidase activity and the lack of definitive histochemical criteria. In this case, a combination of Sudan black B and myeloperoxidase histochemical staining and ultrastructural evaluation was applied. The light microscopic histochemical studies suggested the presence of Phi bodies and rods both in the formalin-fixed tumor and in the cells derived from the subsequent pleural effusion; this was confirmed by electron microscopy, which demonstrated the peridicity of the crystalline rod substructure. These observations show that light microscopic histochemical studies can facilitate the diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma in the absence of peripheral blood or bone marrow manifestations of leukemia.
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PMID:Chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma) without evidence of leukemia: facilitated light microscopic diagnosis. 615 60

A 34-year-old woman developed a granulocytic sarcoma of the breast coincident with the development of acute myelogenous leukemia. Subsequent to the induction of leukemia remission, marrow relapse was preceded by development of breast and vaginal granulocytic sarcomas on two separate occasions. Granulocytic sarcoma is occasionally reported to involve reproductive organs, but the coexistence in two such organs is indeed rare. When granulocytic sarcoma occurs at other sites, it often precedes the development of overt leukemia. For this reason, granulocytic sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a pelvic mass especially in a patient in whom blood smears reveal unusual or early forms.
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PMID:Coexistent breast and vaginal granulocytic sarcoma. 657 95

Granulocytic sarcoma of the skin is only rarely the initial manifestation of acute granulocytic leukemia. In the absence of systemic signs and symptoms of leukemia, routine histologic examination of granulocytic sarcoma may result in misdiagnosis. A case of granulocytic sarcoma preceding overt leukemia is reported in which the biopsy specimen was initially interpreted as granuloma faciale.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma preceding overt granulocytic leukemia. 658 97

Symptomatic otologic involvement by leukemic infiltration is unusual, most often occurring in the already-diagnosed leukemic patient as postauricular mass, acute hemorrhagic otitis media, mastoiditis, cranial neuropathy, vertigo, hearing loss, or leptomeningitis. We think ours is the first reported patient whose leukemia presented as atypical mastoiditis and facial paralysis due to granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma). At mastoidectomy, tan lobulated rubbery tumor filled the mastoid antrum and middle ear cleft. Complete remission and full return of facial nerve function was achieved with 2500 R local radiation and systemic chemotherapy. We discuss the role and extent of surgery in atypical acute mastoiditis when unsuspected middle ear and mastoid tumor, with inconclusive intra-operative histopathologic data, is found.
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PMID:Acute myelogenous leukemia presenting as atypical mastoiditis with facial paralysis. 658 14

Chloromas are solid tumours resulting from the localised proliferation of myelogenous leukemia cells, and are frequently responsible for the initial manifestations of acute myelocytic leukemia. We report a patient with a thoracic extradural chloroma whose presentation with acute paraplegia led to the diagnosis of an unsuspected myelocytic leukemia. Early recognition of the etiology of the paraplegia and the underlying systemic involvement with leukemia resulted in an excellent neurological and hematological outcome. The previously described association of the 8:21 chromosomal translocation with a good prognosis is noted in our patient.
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PMID:Extradural chloroma with spinal compression--an unusual presentation of acute myelogenous leukemia. 659 9

Preleukemia is a well-defined syndrome of hematopoietic dysfunction that may antedate the development of acute myelogenous leukemia. Granulocytic sarcoma refers to neoplastic infiltration in the skin, composed of immature cells of the granulocyte series. We report two cases of granulocytic sarcoma in the setting of preleukemia. The clinical importance of these cases, as well as the cutaneous manifestations of leukemia and the clinical spectrum of granulocytic sarcoma, are presented.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma. A new finding in the setting of preleukemia. 659 7

The case of a 35-year-old female patient with primary mandibular manifestation of myelosarcoma (chloroma) is reported. The clinical course and diagnostic and therapeutic measures are described. Myelosarcomas are rare and are considered specific lesions of an acute myeloid leukemia. In addition to systemic leukemia therapy, myelosarcomas frequently have to be treated surgically or by irradiation because of their specific tumor localizations.
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PMID:Mandibular myelosarcoma (chloroma): primary oral manifestation of promyelocytic leukemia. 659 70

Reports from various parts of Africa have documented the epidemiological features of leukaemia as including: infrequent diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) below the age of 5 years; frequent association of acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) with chloromas; frequent occurrence, predominantly in women, of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) below the age of 50 years. The biological and epidemiological features of leukaemia subtypes were determined in 146 patients who were seen prospectively between July 1978 and June 1982. There were 44 cases of chronic myelocytic leukaemia (CML), 34 of ALL, 33 of AML and 31 of CLL. The age distribution and incidence of CML in Ibadan was similar to those of the Black and White populations of the United States. The incidence of ALL in 0-4 year-old Ibadan children was estimated to be less than one-third and one-tenth of those of Black and White children in the United States, respectively, but the incidence of the disease was similar for the 3 populations in the third quinquennium. AML appeared to be more prevalent in 5-9-year-old Nigerian children than in children in the United States and was associated with chloroma in 5 of 9 (55.6%) children in the age-group. As a group, children with ALL were of significantly higher socio-economic status than those with AML. CLL occurred below 50 years predominantly in women (male:female = 1:6) who were significantly of lower socioeconomic status than their CML counterparts. Male patients predominated (male:female = 5.3) at and above 50 years. Numerous factors indicating a poor prognosis co-existed in all ALL patients, including male sex (25/34), WBC greater than 10(10)/litre (31/34, greater than 10(11)/litre (10/34), L2 or L3 morphology (21/25), periodic acid Schiff (PAS) negativity (15/19) and tissue invasion (15/34), thus giving the impression that ALL in young Nigerians is predominantly of an aggressive and hyperproliferative type. The epidemiological features of ALL and CLL in Africans suggest a role for the influence of life-style in leukaemogenesis while the clinical patterns of these disorders suggest that the biological characteristics differ from those of similar diseases in developed countries.
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PMID:Some biological and epidemiological characteristics of human leukaemia in Africans. 659 2

Leukaemic infiltration of the petrous temporal bone is uncommon with with improved remission rates and longer survival in leukaemia isolated sites of relapse can be expected more frequently. Mastoid chloroma requires treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Wide-field mastoidectomy and facial nerve decompression are contraindicated.
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PMID:Mastoid chloroma as relapse in acute myeloid leukaemia. 693 47

The paper presents an evaluation of 1.236 cases of different forms of leukemia. Malignant tumors of different localizations were identified in 21 cases (1.7%). Neoplasms were most frequently associated with chronic lymphoid leukemia (4%), followed by osteomyelosclerosis (1.3%), chronic myeloleukemia (1%), polycythemia (0.9%) and acute leukemia (0.44%). A case of chronic myeloleukemia with concomitant myelosarcoma, thyroid cancer, malignant tumor of kidney and cortical adenoma is presented. The role of immunological disorders and cytostatic therapy in the genesis of "secondary" tumor are discussed.
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PMID:[Malignant neoplasms in leukemias]. 694 37


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