Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A chloroma is described in the left quadrant of the maxilla in a 4-year-old girl. This patient had previously completed a course of chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia, but had been off all drug therapy and in remission for 1 year prior to presentation. Chloroma is a well recognised, if uncommon, mode of presentation of acute myeloblastic leukaemia and a previous case of chloroma occurring in the mandibular gingival tissues has been reported (Reichart et al., 1984). An unusual feature in the present case is the appearance of the chloroma as a form of leukaemic relapse and as a solitary deposit which is itself uncommon in acute myeloblastic leukaemia. It is suggested that this chloroma was a leukaemic deposit which had spread from within the maxillary antrum or the tissues adjacent to the meninges.
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PMID:Maxillary chloroma: a myeloid leukaemic deposit. 316 92

A relapse of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in a child presented as subacute mononeuropathy involving the sciatic nerve. Surgical exploration showed a chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma) of the distal sciatic nerve, but resection and irradiation did not lead to recovery of nerve function or complete resolution of the patient's symptomatic neuropathic pain. This case represents a rare neurologic complication of what is currently an uncommon presentation for leukemic relapse, and may be the only reported case of chloromatous involvement of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) without coexisting epidural or leptomeningeal leukemia.
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PMID:Leukemic relapse presenting as sciatic nerve involvement by chloroma (granulocytic sarcoma). 316 17

Chloroma is a granulocytic sarcoma with it's characteristic greenish color. Recently there is an increased number of cases that are apparently aleukemic when the tumor mass is first presented. Recently we experienced a case of granulocytic sarcoma with characteristic green color (chloroma), which showed no evidence of leukemia in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. This patient presented headache, and was diagnosed brain tumor on computed tomography. A left parietal cranietomy was done to remove a large central dome-like mass, 8 cm, involving the dura with a slightly dusky greenish solid appearance. Compact nests of moderately mature granulocytes and immature cells comprised the tumor. Histochemical and electron microscopic studies confirmed these tumor cells as myeloid cells in varying stages of maturation. Several days after the operation, left cervical lymph nodes became palpated, and the biopsied lymph nodes revealed same neoplastic cells seen in the skull. However, bone marrow aspiration, biopsy and peripheral blood smears did not show any evidence of leukemia.
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PMID:Intracranial granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) in a nonleukemic patient. 326 73

The presenting features and clinical outcome of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) in infants and older children were compared to identify any differences that might suggest methods to improve therapy. Twelve of the 29 infants were boys and 17 were girls, with ages ranging from two days to 12 months (median, 7 months). By comparison with 222 patients greater than 1 year of age, infants were significantly more likely to have monoblastic or myelomonoblastic leukemia (P less than .0001), chloroma (P less than .0001), marked hepatomegaly (P = .001), and high leukocyte count (P = .005) and were less likely to have Auer rods (P less than .001). Each of these features except leukocyte count showed an association with infant ANLL in a multivariate analysis. Twenty-four (83%) of the infants attained a complete remission, a rate that was not significantly different from that of the older children. Even though infants had a significantly higher CNS relapse rate (P = .003), their event-free survival times were no different than those of older children (P = .74). Ten of the infants remain in initial complete remission for 5+ to 112+ months (median, 52+ months). Infants with ANLL did not have a poorer prognosis than older patients in our study; future protocols for this age group should emphasize more effective systemic therapy, preferably including an epipodophyllotoxin, as well as improved treatment for subclinical CNS leukemia.
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PMID:Acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in infants: clinical presentation and outcome. 337 58

A case of granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) presenting as an isolated left breast mass in a 56-year-old woman is described. The diagnosis was initially considered from the examination of a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy specimen because of the recognition of granulocytic differentiation in the cytologic material. The patients showed no peripheral blood or bone marrow evidence of leukemia. A biopsy revealed a green neoplastic tissue infiltrating the breast. Immunohistochemical study showed intracytoplasmic lysozyme, a marker for myeloid precursors, and ultrastructural examination revealed primary myeloid granulation. These findings confirmed the FNA cytologic diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma, which should be considered when eosinophilic myelocytes are observed in aspirated material.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration biopsy of a granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) of the breast. 342 16

Two patients with acute myelomonocytic leukemia in central nervous system relapse developed clinical signs and computerized tomographic evidence of leukoencephalopathy five to seven days after intravenous high dose Ara-C therapy. The first patient had received 30 gm of intravenous Ara-C with cranial irradiation (1680 rad in 2 fractions) and intrathecal Ara-C (100 mg X twice) for an intracerebral chloroma and leptomeningeal leukemia. In this patient the leukoencephatlopathy was probably a result of a synergistic effect of the concomitant triple therapy. The second patient had received intrathecal administration of Ara-C and methotrexate for five and one-half months prior to intravenous Ara-C therapy. He developed altered mental status after 24 gm of intravenous Ara-C infusion. CT scan showed changes in the white matter compatible with leukoencephalopathy. In this patient the intravenous Ara-C probably was the precipitating factor of the development of leukoencephalopathy. The possible mechanism of the Ara-C induced leukoencephalopathy is discussed.
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PMID:High dose Ara-C related leukoencephalopathy. 345 3

Complications of the central nervous system are not uncommon in patients with a diagnosis of leukemia including infections and hemorrhage. We present the magnetic resonance (MR) findings of granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) in two leukemic patients who presented with masses in the cerebellopontine angle and in the cavernous and the sphenoid sinuses. The MR signal displayed by these two lesions was isointense to the brain on both T1- and T2-weighted images. This signal intensity differs from that observed in cases of hemorrhage or infection.
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PMID:Intracranial granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma): MR findings. 350 Jan 92

Granulocytic sarcoma of the clavicle occurred in a 17-year-old boy. The patient had a densely sclerotic bony lesion with periosteal reaction and no peripheral blood manifestations of leukemia. Supraclavicular adenopathy developed after a preliminary diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma was made, and a second biopsy was performed. Electron microscopy of the tissue showed Auer bodies and Charcot-Leyden granules characteristic of acute myelogenous leukemia. Combination chemotherapy, local irradiation, and clavicular resection have left the patient with no evidence of disease 50 months after diagnosis. Leukemia may appear as a solitary bone tumor before hematologic changes develop. Granulocytic sarcomas can have the radiographic and histologic appearance of primary bone tumors. Bone marrow examination and electron microscopy of biopsy tissue are diagnostic of leukemia and are important in all hospital investigations of round-cell tumors of bone.
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PMID:Solid leukemic tumor. An uncommon presentation of a common disease. 385 98

A patient with an abdominal mass for 4 years developed hypereosinophilia and weight loss. Bone marrow aspirations and biopsy specimens showed hypercellularity of eosinophils. No cause for hypereosinophilia was found. Biopsy specimens of several organs, including the abdominal mass, showed eosinophilic infiltration with reactive fibrosis in some. Cytogenetic studies of the bone marrow before treatment with cytoxic drugs showed chromosomal abnormalities. Several of these have been reported in association with acute or eosinophilic leukemias. Based upon these findings, the authors believe that the patient had eosinophilic leukemia and that the abdominal mass probably was an eosinophilic chloroma.
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PMID:Is hypereosinophilic syndrome a malignant disease? 385 5

A patient presented with unilateral obstructive nephropathy due to a granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) arising within the renal pelvis. To the best of our knowledge, granulocytic sarcoma has not previously been described either arising in the urinary system or occurring during induced remission of disease. Even in the absence of other evidence of active disease, with a history of leukemia, this lesion should be considered in the differential diagnosis of collecting system tumors, as recommended therapy is nonsurgical.
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PMID:Intrarenal chloroma causing obstructive nephropathy: CT characteristics. 386 May 21


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