Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We speculate that the glutathione (GSH) status of human subjects could be an indicator of health and functional age. In this regard, in a study in which, 80 young and 40 elderly healthy individuals were selected as control. We also studied 145 patients with chronic illnesses namely, ischaemic heart disease, diabetes, preeclampsia, cataract, chronic renal failure and leukaemia (age 52 +/- 8.6 years). We observed that all the subjects had high malonadildehyde and low glutathione levels as compared to control. These early observations support the hypothesis that oxidative stress may have an important aetiological rule and antioxidants a potential therapeutic role.
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PMID:Glutathione levels in health and sickness. 1127 24

In the early 1990s, 4 randomized studies compared conditioning regimens before transplantation for leukemia with either cyclophosphamide (CY) and total-body irradiation (TBI), or busulfan (Bu) and CY. This study analyzed the long-term outcomes for 316 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 172 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who participated in these 4 trials, now with a mean follow-up of more than 7 years. Among patients with CML, no statistically significant difference in survival or disease-free survival emerged from testing the 2 regimens. The projected 10-year survival estimates were 65% and 63% with Bu-CY versus CY-TBI, respectively. Among patients with AML, the projected 10-year survival estimates were 51% and 63% (95% CI, 52%-74%) with Bu-CY versus CY-TBI, respectively. At last follow-up, most surviving patients had unimpaired health and had returned to work, regardless of the conditioning regimen. Late complications were analyzed after adjustment for patient age and for acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). CML patients who received CY-TBI had an increased risk of cataract formation, and patients treated with Bu-CY had an increased risk of irreversible alopecia. Chronic GVHD was the primary risk factor for late pulmonary disease and avascular osteonecrosis. Thus, Bu-CY and CY-TBI provided similar probabilities of cure for patients with CML. In patients with AML, a nonsignificant 10% lower survival rate was observed after Bu-CY. Late complications occurred equally after both conditioning regimens (except for increased risk of cataract after CY-TBI and of alopecia with Bu-CY).
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PMID:Busulfan plus cyclophosphamide compared with total-body irradiation plus cyclophosphamide before marrow transplantation for myeloid leukemia: long-term follow-up of 4 randomized studies. 1173 58

In this single-centre retrospective study, we analysed risk factors for nonrelapse long-term morbidity and mortality in patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) who had undergone allogeneic transplantation. A total of 112 patients with de novo AML in first complete remission (CR1), n=90 or second complete remission (CR2, n=22) who received un-manipulated bone marrow grafts from human leukocyte antigen identical siblings between January 1985 and August 2000 were included. Of these, 97 patients alive and disease-free for at least 100 days after transplant were selected for the purpose of this long-term analysis. The use of an intensified conditioning regimen, Gram-negative bacteriaemia before transplantation, year of transplantation and number of pretransplant chemotherapy courses for patients in CR1 significantly affected the 7-year event-free survival which was 57%. 7-year transplant-related mortality TRM was 22%. Significant predictors for TRM were: bacterial infections before transplantation, major ABO blood group incompatibility, late severe bacterial infections, and chronic (graft-versus-host disease) GvHD. Predictive factors for late severe bacterial infections were infections before transplant, total body irradiation and GvHD. Incidence and risk factors for other late events including, chronic GvHD, late infections, osteonecrosis, cataract, endocrine- cardiac- and lung-complications, cancer and performance status at last follow-up were also studied. The analysis strongly suggests that the combination of pretransplant factors such as chemotherapy and conditioning, and posttransplant factors such as chronic GvHD had a major impact on late nonrelapse morbidity and mortality.
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PMID:Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute myeloblastic leukaemia in remission: risk factors for long-term morbidity and mortality. 1274 64

We have undertaken a comprehensive review of epidemiologic studies about the effects of radiofrequency fields (RFs) on human health in order to summarize the current state of knowledge, explain the methodologic issues that are involved, and aid in the planning of future studies. There have been a large number of occupational studies over several decades, particularly on cancer, cardiovascular disease, adverse reproductive outcome, and cataract, in relation to RF exposure. More recently, there have been studies of residential exposure, mainly from radio and television transmitters, and especially focusing on leukemia. There have also been studies of mobile telephone users, particularly on brain tumors and less often on other cancers and on symptoms. Results of these studies to date give no consistent or convincing evidence of a causal relation between RF exposure and any adverse health effect. On the other hand, the studies have too many deficiencies to rule out an association. A key concern across all studies is the quality of assessment of RF exposure. Despite the ubiquity of new technologies using RFs, little is known about population exposure from RF sources and even less about the relative importance of different sources. Other cautions are that mobile phone studies to date have been able to address only relatively short lag periods, that almost no data are available on the consequences of childhood exposure, and that published data largely concentrate on a small number of outcomes, especially brain tumor and leukemia.
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PMID:Epidemiology of health effects of radiofrequency exposure. 1574 99

A 52-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus (DM) complained of weakness of the arms and legs. She was referred to our hospital in November 2002 because of anemia, thyroid tumor and meningioma including DM. She was short in stature, juvenile bilateral cataract, intractable skin ulcers, clavus on the sole of her foot, a bird-like face and high-pitched voice. Typical physical features led to the final diagnosis of Werner's syndrome. Although the myelogram revealed no abnormal findings except erythroid hypoplasia, cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow cells showed deletion of chromosome 20 in 10% of the analyzed cells, which suggested the possibility of that myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) could occur. She had a thyroidectomy because both lobes of the thyroid gland were enlarged and caused hoarseness, In addition, it is common knowledge that the goiter could become malignant. We need to follow her carefully because she might be vulnerable to malignant disease, including leukemia and malignant meningioma.
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PMID:[A case of Werner syndrome with chromosomal abnormality]. 1707 96

This article reviews the health effects of the Chernobyl accident. The clearest effect to be seen to date is the dramatic increase in thyroid cancer in children. The evidence for increased leukaemia is less clear, but there are indications of increased leukaemia incidence in Russian clean-up workers. There is also evidence of increases in breast cancer, cataract and cardiovascular disease. However, to date the largest public health problem caused by the accident is the mental health impact.
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PMID:Health effects resulting from the Chernobyl accident. 1737 Aug 57

There has been a remarkable growth in the use of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in the past 30 years. The rapid expansion of BMT reflects its increasingly important role in the treatment of several life-threatening diseases of the hemopoietic system. The first BMT in human patients was performed after conditioning with total body irradiation (TBI). As an important part of BMT protocols, TBI has an established role in many preparative regimens used before BMT in the treatment of hematological diseases. Historically, TBI schedules varied during the last 30-year period with regard to different radiation source used, treatment technique, beam modifiers, actually delivered total dose, dose rate, and fractionation schedule. The aim of this review article is to discuss the 50- year experience in the field of TBI, as well as radiobiological, technical and dosimetric requirements and especially effects of total dose, dose rate and fractionation schedules on the prognosis of transplanted patients. The radiobiological and radio-oncological requirements demand special TBI treatment techniques quite different from usual radiotherapy. The technique needed depends extremely on the prescribed values of treatment parameters and on the local technical possibilities. TBI dosimetry has to account for the physical situation of treatment with very large field sizes at extended distances and should be performed under TBI conditions close to the real treatment situation. The effects of total dose, dose rate, fractionation schedule on the leukemia cell killing, immunosuppression, and sparing of normal tissues are considered in detail. Their effects on overall survival, leukemia recurrence, acute and chronic graft versus host disease (GvHD), late radiation-induced injuries to normal tissues or organs as well as incidence of interstitial pneumonitis, renal dysfunction and cataract development are analyzed. The definition of currently used TBI procedures is so different in different centers that retrospective analyses remain futile, under better definition and normalization of dose, fraction size, and endpoints occur. There are a lot of difficulties to evaluate, compare or understand clinical RESULTS from so different treatment regimens, often with an irregular set of parameters. In order to establish clinical trials and to evaluate clinical RESULTS, we need comparable schedules, uniform specification, and complete reporting of all relevant parameters. After 50-year experience in the field of TBI, we are beginning to understand the relationship of TBI dose, dose rate and fractionation. However, 20 years after Glasgow we will repeat his persuasion that, however, many questions remain unanswered.
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PMID:Total body irradiation prior to bone marrow transplantation; some aspects of fifty year experience. 1741 7

To the best of our knowledge, ocular leukemia has not been reported in Saudi Arabia. Seventy-two leukemia patients were seen in King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah over the last 10 years. Thirty-one of those patients had an ocular examination. Seventeen of these were found to have ocular abnormalities related to leukemia. Ten had acute lymphoblastic leukemia, four had acute myeloid leukemia and three had chronic myeloid leukemia. The retina and vitreous were involved in 12 of the ocular relapses, the anterior segment leukemic infiltrate in nine, glaucoma in five, opportunistic infection in four, cranial nerve palsies in three, proptosis and hypotony in two. Conjunctival hemorrhage, choroidal infiltrate and cataract were present in one relapse each. The optic nerve was involved in nine relapses, which is a serious condition that requires immediate intervention to save the patient's sight. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain and orbit was useful in differentiating between optic nerve infiltrate and papilledema. Most ocular relapses responded well to chemotherapy except relapses with optic nerve and anterior segment infiltrate, which required irradiation to save the patient's sight and prevent further relapses. In conclusion, the presented data have shown that ocular leukemia is not rare and emphasizes the importance of early ophthalmologic examination and radiation.
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PMID:Ocular leukemia in King Abdulaziz University Hospital - Jeddah. 1759 May 72

We compared late side effects and quality of life (QoL) in 430 survivors of childhood acute leukaemia based on whether they had undergone haematopoietic cell transplantation (n=142) or not (n=288). Mean age was 18.2 years and mean follow-up duration was 11.9 years. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to compare the risk of each type of late effect in the two groups. Based on age, VSP-A or SF36 questionnaires were used to assess QoL. For each QoL dimension, multiple linear regression was done to construct models of association with the treatment group. Transplanted patients experienced more side effects, including height growth failure, gonadal dysfunction, hypothyroidism and cataract. Children and adolescents in the two treatment groups reported similar QoL levels for almost all dimensions except a better perception of school work by young transplanted children and more difficulties in relating to the medical staff for transplanted adolescents. In adults, two differences in physical domain of QoL were detected but the calculated effect sizes were less than 0.2 in each case, suggesting an uncertain clinical significance. In spite of a higher risk of physical adverse events in the transplanted group, very few clinically significant differences in QoL are detectable.
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PMID:Health status and quality of life in long-term survivors of childhood leukaemia: the impact of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 1770 91

The aim of the study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of total body irradiation (TBI)/cyclophosphamide (CY) versus BU/CY as conditioning regimen for leukemia. We electronically searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, CIBMTR and critically appraised all relevant articles (1990.01-2009.04). Comparative studies were evaluated on clinical therapeutic effects of TBI/CY and busulphan BU/CY regimens with assessement of engraftment, relapse, complications, and disease-free survival (DFS). Eighteen trials totaling 3172 patients have been assessed. Pooled comparisons of studies indicated that for patients with acute leukemia (ALL and AML), the TBI/CY regimen lead to lower rates of leukemia relapse, lower transplant-related mortality (TRM), and higher DFS, while for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the TBI/CY regimen had a higher rate of leukemia relapse, lower TRM, and similar DFS. The TBI/CY regimen was associated with similar occurrence of engraftment, acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), but with higher rates of cataract [odds ratio (OR) 12.69, p = 0.01], interstitial pneumonitis, later growth or development problems [OR 5.04, p = 0.008]. BU/CY regimen was associated with higher rates of complications like liver veno-occlusive disease [OR 0.43, p < 0.00001], hemorrhagic cystitis, and TRM. Our meta-analysis confirmed that different regimens and type of leukemia may affect the complications and outcome. An analysis of the effects of other regimens need to be carried out by large sample and well-designed clinical trials.
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PMID:Total body irradiation plus cyclophosphamide versus busulphan with cyclophosphamide as conditioning regimen for patients with leukemia undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a meta-analysis. 2005 58


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