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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A small number of human myelomas have been established as long term cultured cell lines. We report the characteristics of two new cell lines, designated SK-MM-1 and SK-MM-2, derived from 73 attempts to culture myeloma specimens. Both cell lines were grown from myeloma patients with hypogammaglobulinemia, kappa light chain proteinuria, and plasma cell leukemia. SK-MM-1 and SK-MM-2 had a plasmacytoid morphology, grew in RPMI complete medium with doubling times of 32 and 60 hr, respectively, and did not express Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen. Both cell lines secreted kappa light chains (0.9 and 1.1 micrograms/10(6) cells/ml per 48 hr for SK-MM-1 and SK-MM-2, respectively) but no heavy chains. SK-MM-1 and SK-MM-2 expressed the pan-B cell marker B1 and the late B cell/plasma cell marker BL3. In addition, SK-MM-2 expressed late B cell/plasma cell markers OKT10 and PCA-1. Neither cell line expressed T lymphocyte, myeloid, or early B lymphocyte markers. The presence of distinctive kappa and heavy chain gene rearrangements supported the clonal origin of both cell lines from kappa light chain-producing B cells. The two cell lines were markedly aneuploid and both carried a 14q+ marker chromosome. Human myeloma cell lines lacking heavy chain secretion may be useful to elucidate mechanisms of immunoglobulin gene regulation and to construct human-human hybridomas.
Leukemia 1989 Oct
PMID:Establishment and characterization of two human myeloma cell lines secreting kappa light chains. 250 99

We describe the identification, experimental transmission, and pathogenesis of a naturally occurring powerfully immunosuppressive isolate of feline leukemia virus (designated here as FeLV-FAIDS) which induces fatal acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 100% (25 of 25) of persistently viremic experimentally infected specific pathogen-free (SPF) cats after predictable survival periods ranging from less than 3 months (acute immunodeficiency syndrome) to greater than one year (chronic immunodeficiency syndrome), depending on the age of the cat at time of virus exposure. The pathogenesis of FeLV-FAIDS-induced feline immunodeficiency disease is characterized by: a prodromal period of largely asymptomatic viremia; progressive weight loss, lymphoid hyperplasia associated with viral replication in lymphoid follicles, lymphoid depletion associated with extinction of viral replication in lymphoid follicles, intractable diarrhea associated with necrosis of intestinal crypt epithelium, lymphopenia, suppressed lymphocyte blastogenesis, impaired cutaneous allograft rejection, hypogammaglobulinemia, and opportunistic infections such as bacterial respiratory disease and necrotizing stomatitis. The clinical onset of immunodeficiency syndrome correlates with the replication of a specific FeLV-FAIDS viral variant, detected principally as unintegrated viral DNA, in bone marrow, lymphoid tissues, and intestine. Two of seven cats with chronic immunodeficiency disease that survived greater than 1 year after inoculation developed lymphoma affecting the marrow, intestine, spleen, and mesenteric nodes. Experimentally induced feline immunodeficiency syndrome, therefore, is a rapid and consistent in vivo model for prospective studies of the viral genetic determinants, pathogenesis, prevention, and therapy of retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency disease.
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PMID:Experimental transmission and pathogenesis of immunodeficiency syndrome in cats. 282 40

Over the past 25 years animal retroviruses have been favoured subjects of research by virologists, oncologists, and molecular biologists. Retroviruses have given us reverse transcriptase, oncogenes, and cloning vectors that may one day be exploited for human gene therapy. They have also given us leukaemia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Kawasaki disease and tropical spastic paraparesis are thought to be associated with retrovirus infection, and other diseases such as de Quervain's thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia, and certain forms of non-A, non-B hepatitis have come under passing suspicion of a retroviral aetiology. With AIDS threatening to become pandemic, and a second AIDS virus appearing in West Africa, human retroviruses are under intensive study for new antiviral drugs targeted to their unique mode of replication, and for the development of vaccines.
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PMID:Retroviruses and human disease. 288 52

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPIV), a T cell enzyme, has been implicated in the regulation of lymphocyte proliferation in response to lectins and allogeneic cells. A sensitive fluorimetric assay has been established for the enzyme and used to investigate DPIV activity, kinetics and the subcellular localization in lymphocytes from control subjects, cord blood and patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia (CVH) and chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL). Using sucrose density gradient centrifugation and organelle marker enzyme assays, in conjunction with digitonin as a selective plasma membrane perturbant and diazotized sulphanilic acid as a non-permeant enzyme inhibitor, DPIV was shown to be a plasma membrane ecto-enzyme. A significant decrease in lymphocyte DPIV activity was observed in cord blood and in patients with CVH and CLL compared to controls. Kinetic analysis showed a marked decrease in the Vmax of lymphocyte DPIV from cord blood and patients with CVH and CLL compared to controls. The apparent Km for the substrate was unaffected in cord blood and patients with CLL. However, in patients with CVH the Km was significantly reduced. Various enzyme inhibitors showed no differences between control subjects and CVH lymphocyte activities. The decreased Km for DPIV provides further evidence for a stem cell defect rather than cell immaturity in CVH.
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PMID:Dipeptidyl peptidase IV--subcellular localization, activity and kinetics in lymphocytes from control subjects, immunodeficient patients and cord blood. 290 80

The role of 5'-nucleotidase in the uptake of adenosine from AMP was investigated in lymphocytes from normal subjects and patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia (CVH) and chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL). At physiological pH, the Km values for the uptake of adenosine and of adenosine from AMP by intact cells were one order of magnitude higher than the Km values for 5'-nucleotidase. The Vmax values for the hydrolysis of AMP by 5'-nucleotidase were two orders of magnitude greater than for the uptake of adenosine itself or the uptake of adenosine from AMP by normal lymphocytes. 5'-Nucleotidase activity is clearly not rate-limiting in normal lymphocytes for uptake of adenosine from AMP in steady state conditions. Patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia showed a low Vmax for 5'-nucleotidase assayed at pH 7.4 in intact cells as compared to values from control subjects. Michaelis constants (Km) for the uptake of free adenosine and adenosine from AMP as well as 5'-nucleotidase were similar compared to those obtained for controls. The uptake of adenosine moiety from AMP in CLL lymphocytes with a low Vmax for 5'-nucleotidase was also reduced, although not to the same extent as the reduction in 5'-nucleotidase activity. One CLL patient with supranormal levels of 5'-nucleotidase activity showed elevated uptake of adenosine moiety from AMP and of free adenosine. These results suggest that 5'-nucleotidase can influence the salvage of purine by lymphocytes from extracellular nucleotides but only when the enzyme activity is greatly reduced.
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PMID:Uptake of free adenosine and adenosine from adenosine monophosphate by human peripheral blood lymphocytes: possible kinetic role for ecto-5'-nucleotidase in the regulation of intracellular adenosine. 302 95

The adenine nucleotide profiles (AMP, ATP, NAD and NADH2) of peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia (CVH) were similar to those in control cells. AMP and ATP levels were also similar in the lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL). Since CVH and CLL patients have reduced activity of plasma membrane ecto-5'-nucleotidase, our data suggests that this enzyme does not regulate the levels of intracellular adenine nucleotides, at least in "resting" cells.
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PMID:Adenine nucleotide concentrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia and B-cell chronic lymphatic leukaemia. 318 62

The authors report a case of chronic herpes virus infection of the face which developed in a 70-year old man already affected with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of the B-cell type (CLL-B) with specific cutaneous localisations. Immunodepression was indicated only by marked hypogammaglobulinaemia. Cell-mediated immunity was preserved. The cutaneous lesions of the face were chronic and presented as pyodermatitis vegetans. A one-week course of acyclovir administered by intravenous infusion in doses of 5 mg/kg three times a day resulted in rapid and dramatic cure, but this result proved transient, since the virus infection relapsed 2 1/2 months later. The new episode also was successfully treated with a second course of acyclovir. The herpes virus infection had developed only on those skin areas that were specifically affected by the leukaemia; after treatment and eradication of the virus, massive lymphocytic infiltration of the dermis persisted in these areas. Involvement of the skin is rare in CLL-B and has been reported mainly in CLL-T. The lesions most frequently encountered are tuberous and papular lesions and infiltrated plaques on the forehead and ears. The pyodermatitis vegetans presentation is unusual. The reasons why viral skin lesions develop on those caused by leukaemia are unknown.
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PMID:[Chronic herpes of the pyodermatitis vegetans type in chronic cutaneous lymphoid leukemia]. 349 18

A retrospective review of all 115 infants less than 1 year of age with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) entered on a consecutive series of recent Children's Cancer Study Group (CCSG) leukemia protocols was undertaken to examine in detail the outcome and clinical course of a large group of similarly treated infants. In comparison to the 4,392 children older than 1 year, entered on the same studies, infants had a significantly (P = .0001) increased incidence of leukocytosis, hepatosplenomegaly, meningeal leukemia at presentation, hypogammaglobulinemia, and failure to achieve complete remission (CR) status by day 14 of induction therapy. In contrast, lymphadenopathy, non-L1 French-American-British (FAB) morphology, mediastinal mass, and T cell leukemia were not more frequently observed. Ninety percent of these infants successfully completed the induction phase of therapy. With a median follow-up of 35 months, life table estimate of disease-free survival is only 23% at 4 years. Identical disease-free survival rates for infants were observed in each of the individual studies reviewed. Excessive toxicity resulting in limitation of therapy delivered was not a causative factor for the disappointing outcome of these patients. Rather, early disease recurrence, characterized by bone marrow relapse (55%) and CNS (22%) relapse, was the major factor responsible for the extremely poor prognosis of this patient group. Identical CNS relapse rates were observed in those patients who received cranial irradiation as part of CNS prophylaxis (21.8%) and in those patients who did not receive cranial radiotherapy (24%). Results of salvage therapy for patients who experienced systemic or extramedullary relapse were dismal. Debilitating neuropsychologic sequellae, presumably related to CNS irradiation, have been observed in 50% of the small number of long-term survivors. Infants less than 1 year of age with ALL present with a constellation of features which predict a poor outcome and constitute the group of children with ALL at greatest risk for treatment failure.
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PMID:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in infants less than one year of age: a cumulative experience of the Children's Cancer Study Group. 386 94

The Km for AMP for 5' nucleotidase was increased in lymphocytes from patients with common variable (CVH) and sex linked (XLH) hypogammaglobulinaemia and from patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL): the Vmax of the latter was low. The kinetic constants for cord blood lymphocytes are similar to adults and the Km does not change with age in lymphocytes from healthy adults. alpha-beta-Methylene adenosine diphosphate competitively inhibited 5' nucleotidase in lymphocytes from both healthy subjects and patients with CVH: the inhibitor constant (Ki) was higher for lymphocytes from patients with CVH than from control subjects. The concentration of zinc, an activator and modulator of 5' nucleotidase, was similar in control and CVH lymphocytes. It is concluded that lymphocyte 5' nucleotidase is functionally, abnormal in both primary hypogammaglobulinaemia and CLL and is deficient in the latter. These results provide support for the concept that CVH is a stem cell disease.
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PMID:Kinetic properties of 5' nucleotidase in blood lymphocytes from healthy subjects, immunodeficient patients and cord blood. 608 90

Bone marrow and peripheral blood cells of patients with non-leukemic neutropenia contain and elaborate a granulocyte-progenitor cell inhibitory activity. The inhibitory activity is common to the neutropenias of the various etiologies studied, which included congenital, idiopathic, autoimmune, cyclical, common variable immuno-deficiency with hypogammaglobulinemia and drug induced states. It derives from non-adherent, low density, slowly sedimenting and non-E-rosetting cells and appears to require RNA and protein synthesis, but not cell division, for its production. The material is not species specific, inhibits autologous and allogeneic normal CFUgm and leukemic CFUgm, is not cell-cycle specific in action and is most effective against granulocyte colony forming cells (CFUg), less effective against mixed granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (CFUgm) and least or non-effective against macrophage colony forming cells (CFUm). This inhibitory activity has no influence on cells which generate CFUc in suspension culture or on the erythroid colony forming (CFUe) and burst forming (BFUe) units. It is different from other known inhibitory activities such as lactoferrin, leukemia inhibitory activity, E type prostaglandins, interferon and immunoglobulins. This inhibitory activity, while at present an in vitro phenomenon, may be produced as a secondary response within a compromised host.
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PMID:Specific inhibitory activity against granulocyte-progenitor cells produced by non-T lymphocytes from patients with neutropenia. 616 31


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