Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute changes in mental status (AMS) develop in children with cancer from a multitude of cancer- and treatment-related complications. To determine the incidence, etiology, and outcome of children with cancer who had AMS, the medical records of all children under 18 years of age with systemic cancer (excluding primary central nervous system tumors) who had AMS in our institution during the years 1981 through 1987 were reviewed. AMS developed in 89 of 815 children at risk (11%). The AMS was caused by seizures in 53 (60%), an encephalopathy in 24 (27%), and a stroke syndrome in 12 (13%). AMS occurred in 42 of 305 (14%) with leukemia, 16 of 139 (12%) with lymphoma, 14 of 136 (10%) with sarcoma, 10 of 104 (9%) with neuroblastoma, and 7 of 104 (5%) with other malignancies. Children with acute lymphocytic leukemia were more prone to having seizures (61%), while children with nonacute lymphocytic leukemia were almost equally likely to have encephalopathies, strokes, or seizures. Children with lymphoma were admitted for treatment most often with an encephalopathy (44%). Etiologies for AMS were evaluated vigorously, and one or more etiologies were identified in 80 of 89 (89%) patients. Dependent on the type of tumor, the anticancer treatment used and, timing during the course of illness AMS occurred, specific diagnoses were more likely. Neurologic morbidity and mortality were dependent on the cause of AMS. Children with seizures that were initially difficult to control were more likely to require long-term anticonvulsant therapy.
 ...
PMID:Acute mental status changes in children with systemic cancer. 230 89

Children presenting with advanced leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma may develop life-threatening complications in the early stages of management. Major metabolic disturbances with encephalopathy, septicaemic shock, pneumonitis, massive haemorrhage, or the physical effects of tumour masses may on occasion warrant intensive therapy. Close liaison between paediatric oncologists, oncological surgeons, and anesthesiologists is essential in establishing admission criteria for such cases and in defining therapeutic end points in the event of multisystem failure. This paper discusses the principles of intensive care management of patients with haematological malignancies by considering two cases who developed the tumour lysis syndrome with respiratory and renal failure. A case associated with metabolic encephalopathy is also described.
 ...
PMID:Tumour lysis syndrome and the anaesthesiologist: intensive care aspects of paediatric oncology. 234 46

Animal models of AIDS are essential for understanding the pathogenesis of retrovirus-induced immune deficiency and encephalopathy and for development and testing of new therapies and vaccines. AIDS and related disorders are etiologically linked to members of the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses; these lymphocytopathic lentiviruses are designated human immuno-deficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human immuno-deficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2). The only animals susceptible to experimental HIV-1 infection are the chimpanzee, gibbon ape, and rabbit but AIDS-like disease has not yet been reported in these species. Macaques can be persistently infected with some strains of HIV-2 but no AIDS-like disease has resulted. It is not yet clear how suitable HIV-infected SCID-hu mice will be as a model for AIDS. Several subfamilies of naturally occurring cytopathic retroviruses cause immune suppression, including fatal immunodeficiency syndromes in chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. Domestic cats suffer immunosuppression from both an onco-virus, feline leukemia virus, and a member of the lentivirus subfamily, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Asian macaques are susceptible to fatal simian AIDS from a type D retrovirus, indigenous in macaques, and from a lentivirus, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), which is indigenous to healthy African monkeys. SIV is the animal lentivirus most closely related to HIV. Of these animal models, the lentivirus infections of cats (FIV) and macaques (SIV) appear to bear the closest similarity in their pathogenesis to HIV infection and AIDS. This review will summarize these various animal model systems for AIDS and illustrate their usefulness for antiviral therapy and vaccinology.
 ...
PMID:Animal models of AIDS. 255 12

Bone marrow transplantation is the treatment of choice of many haematological disorders but its success is limited by two major complications, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and pulmonary disorders. Of the first 31 patients transplanted at St. James's Hospital (1984-1986) 16 (52%) had a successful outcome. Of the 15 patients who died, two died of GVHD and one of recurrent leukaemia. All others had severe pulmonary disease either causing death directly (9 cases) or contributing to death from toxic encephalopathy, carditis or recurrent leukaemia (1 case each). The principal forms of pulmonary disease were cytomegalovirus pneumonitis (4 cases), acute haemorrhagic pulmonary oedema (4 cases) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (2 cases). There were single cases of staphylococcal pneumonia and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Aspergillus was a second pathogen in two cases. Pulmonary damage due to conditioning chemoradiotherapy and to GVHD probably underlies this high incidence of pulmonary disease. T-cell depletion to limit the incidence of GVHD together with increased prophylaxis against CMV and pneumocystis carinii will probably substantially reduce these complications in the near future.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary disease following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 266 67

Transient severe hyperammonaemia developed in the absence of serious liver dysfunction in three patients being treated for acute leukaemia. The onset of the biochemical disturbance was abrupt and led rapidly to acute encephalopathy, fatal in two cases. In the third patient, prompt initiation of aggressive haemodialysis and intravenous sodium benzoate and sodium phenylacetate infusion successfully controlled plasma ammonium levels until they spontaneously resolved. The cause of the disorder remains to be determined, but urinary nitrogen partition studies suggest temporary impairment of ureagenesis in a catabolic setting as a major pathophysiological feature of this disorder. The absence of liver disease, the normal mitochondrial ultrastructure seen in two cases, and the plasma aminoacid profiles observed serve to distinguish this disorder from others such as Reye's syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Transient idiopathic hyperammonaemia in adults. 286 37

Unexplained debilitating dementia or encephalopathy occurs frequently in adults and children with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Brains from 15 individuals with AIDS and encephalopathy were examined by Southern analysis and in situ hybridization for the presence of human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III (HTLV-III), the virus believed to be the causative agent of AIDS. HTLV-III DNA was detected in the brains of five patients, and viral-specific RNA was detected in four of these. In view of these findings and the recent demonstration of morphologic and genetic relatedness between HTLV-III and visna virus, a lentivirus that causes a chronic degenerative neurologic disease in sheep, HTLV-III should be evaluated further as a possible cause of AIDS encephalopathy.
 ...
PMID:HTLV-III infection in brains of children and adults with AIDS encephalopathy. 298 29

Twenty-six patients with recurrent leukemia following allogeneic marrow transplantation received a second marrow transplant between 1.5 and 78 months (median 26) after the initial transplant. Preparative regimens for second transplant included multi-agent chemotherapy with total body irradiation, 2.0-10.0 Gy (five patients), dimethylbusulfan alone (one patient), and dimethylbusulfan or busulfan plus cyclophosphamide (20 patients). One patient died before engraftment of infection and 18 died after engraftment from veno-occlusive disease (4), infection (2), idiopathic pneumonia (3), cytomegalovirus pneumonia (3), leukemia (5) and encephalopathy (1). Seven patients (27%) survive 12-38 months (median 26); five (19%) are disease-free and two have recurrent leukemia. Two of the five disease-free survivors have chronic graft-versus-host disease. All of the surviving patients received dimethylbusulfan or busulfan plus cyclophosphamide and six of the seven surviving patients were among 11 patients transplanted more than 2 years after the first transplant whereas only one was among the 15 transplanted in less than 2 years. Those who have second marrow transplants one or more years after their initial transplant are more likely to benefit, while those who are less than 1 year from initial transplant appear to benefit the least.
 ...
PMID:Second marrow transplants in patients with leukemia who relapse after allogeneic marrow transplantation. 304 66

The plasma levels of the opsonic glycoprotein fibronectin are decreased in patients with fulminant hepatic failure, which may be an important factor in their impaired host-defense. Twenty-nine patients in fulminant hepatic failure were studied on admission, and the mean fibronectin level in Grade 0-2 encephalopathy was 82 micrograms per ml (range = 0 to 150) and in Grade 3-4 encephalopathy 61 micrograms per ml (range = 5 to 158) as compared to normal controls (268 micrograms per ml, range = 178 to 380, n = 62). No fibronectin degradation products could be detected in fulminant hepatic failure plasma by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gradient (5 to 15%) followed by immunoblotting onto nitrocellulose with detection using a rabbit antihuman fibronectin antiserum visualized with a peroxidase conjugate. The plasma levels of the marker proteolytic enzyme cathepsin D were significantly elevated in fulminant hepatic failure (120 +/- 31 mU per ml per hr) as compared to the normal controls (18 +/- 2.1 mU per ml per hr, n = 10, p less than 0.01). Cross-immunoelectrophoresis of fulminant hepatic failure plasma for fibronectin on agarose plates gave an additional slower migrating peak in 15 of the 29 patients, as well as that of fibronectin, which corresponded to the fibronectin complex reported by other workers in leukemia. An intermediate gel containing antihuman fibrinogen demonstrated fibrinogen to be one component of this complex. Binding of other substances to fibronectin will reduce its apparent biological activity and may be the result of their lack of clearance by the damaged liver.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of the molecular forms of fibronectin in fulminant hepatic failure. 309 66

This case report is about an eleven year old boy with new developed symptoms of a cellular immundeficiency and a positive HIV-serology 33 months after a CNS-leukemia relapse. After 18 weeks a progredient neurological symptomatology is beginning with motor, cognitive and behavioral disturbances and a brain atrophy in the CT-scan. These cerebral manifestations are explainable as an encephalopathy both through HIV and after CNS-leukemia. A SSPE has been excluded. CT, EEG, Evoked Potentials do not show differential diagnostic pathognomonic findings regarding both diseases. The CSF findings hint at a persistent virus infection compatibel with the postulated slow virus pathogenesis of the AIDS-Encephalopathy. We conclude, that in this case an etiological diagnoses is only possible through histological brain examination and through demonstration of HIV or HIV-antigen in brain tissue respectively. AZT, which is reported to be effective against the cerebral AIDS-manifestations could not be applicated because of the existing pancytopenia.
 ...
PMID:[AIDS encephalopathy in childhood or the late sequela of central nervous system leukemia?]. 316 63

Between February 1982 and August 1986 14 patients with AML (median age 24 years, range 10-41) underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 9 patients were grafted in first complete remission, 4 in first relapse, 1 in second relapse and 1 patient with refractory AML. Conditioning consisted of cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) and total body irradiation (1000 rad). The patients received methotrexate (n = 12) or methotrexate and cyclosporine (n = 2) for prevention of graft versus host disease. Of the 14 patients, 7 are alive, 7 patients died. Causes of death were recurrence of leukaemia (n = 2), veno occlusive disease of the liver (n = 1), CMV-pneumonitis (n = 1), septicaemia (1), cerebral haemorrhage (1), acute graft versus host disease of the gut (1), necrotizing encephalopathy (n = 1). 7 patients are alive between 124 and 1784 days (median 671) in continuous complete remission. All patients but 1 have a Karnofsky-index of more than 80%.
 ...
PMID:[Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML): results in 14 patients]. 329 68


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>