Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transcription of unrearranged kappa constant region (kappa 0) loci is dramatically induced in pre-B cells transformed by the Abelson murine leukemia virus when the cells are exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Transcriptional activity, detected both by accumulation of the 8-kilobase kappa 0 RNA product and by nuclear run-on measurements, is evident within a few hours after exposure to LPS and continues to increase over a 24-hr period. During this time, transcription of rearranged mu heavy-chain loci remains at the basal constitutive level. In accord with previous studies of the B-cell lymphoma 70Z/3, this transcriptional activation is accompanied by the appearance of a DNase I-hypersensitive site in the kappa enhancer region but not by any detectable hypomethylation of the locus. Moreover, the present studies demonstrate that induction of kappa transcription can occur in the absence of DNA or protein synthesis. These results have led us to propose a model in which an external signal such as LPS or a functionally equivalent lymphokine may initiate kappa transcription in pre-B cells by modifying or overriding the activity of an enhancer-specific factor.
 ...
PMID:Inducible transcription of the unrearranged kappa constant region locus is a common feature of pre-B cells and does not require DNA or protein synthesis. 392 1

A 62-year-old female with a microK phenotypic immunoblastic B-cell lymphoma with bone marrow involvement but without leukaemia is reported. Bone marrow cells, cytogenetically studied at diagnosis, showed a Philadelphia chromosome due to a (9p;22q) translocation, deleted chromosomes 3 and 6, a 14q+ marker, and two extra chromosomes 18. The Ph chromosome is previously only once reported in a well-characterized B-cell lymphoma, whereas the latter aberrations are common findings in B-cell malignancies.
 ...
PMID:Ph chromosome and B-cell malignancy-associated chromosomal aberrations in non-leukaemic immunoblastic B-cell lymphoma. 393 62

We have studied the potential use of immunotoxins (ITs) for therapeutic treatment of human tumors in an experimental model of human neoplasia. We tested intact ricin IT for its antitumor activity against established tumors. CEM, a human T-cell leukemia line expressing an Mr 67,000 cell surface antigen, and Daudi, a human B-cell lymphoma line which does not express the antigen, were found to be consistently tumorigenic in nude mice. ITs were synthesized using T101, a high-affinity monoclonal antibody reacting with the Mr 67,000 protein determinant and intact ricin. We have shown for the first time that established CEM solid tumors in nude mice will regress following intratumoral injection of T101-ricin IT, while Daudi tumors will not. Selective activity of T101-ricin is dependent on systemic i.v. administration of lactose and local intratumoral injection of the T101-ricin IT with lactose. Intact ricin ITs require the presence of lactose to block native ricin binding and render them antigen specific when linked to monoclonal antibody. Killing of target was cell specific since (a) nonspecific (irrelevant) ITs did not cause the regression of CEM tumors, and (b) injection of large amounts of free T101 antibody prior to T101-ricin IT blocked antitumor activity. Selectivity was not absolute, since regression occurred in one of six animals given irrelevant IT, and blocking was observed in two of four mice. Intratumoral IT treatment with 1 or 2 micrograms of T101-ricin IT plus lactose was not harmful to mice in contrast to intratumoral ricin treatment, which killed all treated tumor-bearing mice at a dose of 0.3 micrograms. Without i.v. injection of lactose, intratumoral injection of T101-ricin IT was also effective in eliminating established tumors. However, this treatment did not result in the selective elimination of tumor, since Daudi tumors also regressed following T101-ricin IT treatment. IT, made with ricin A chain only (T101-A chain IT), was also tested against established CEM tumors. We found that high dosages of T101-A chain IT did not destroy CEM tumors when injected intratumorally, even in the presence of activating agents such as NH4Cl or the carboxylic ionophore X-537 A. In contrast, in vitro experiments demonstrated that T101-A chain IT plus activating agents had potent and selective cytotoxic effect against CEM cells. We conclude that ITs are specifically toxic to established tumors. Although selectivity is not absolute, ITs exhibit potential as a new class of antitumor reagents.
 ...
PMID:Cytotoxic effect of anti-Mr 67,000 protein immunotoxins on human tumors in a nude mouse model. 397 76

Pretreatment biopsy specimens of 237 consecutive patients with malignant lymphoma, who presented to us from 1979 to 1982, were reviewed and reclassified. According to the new classification proposed by the Lymphoma Study Group of Japan (LSG), there were 226 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) which was further classified as diffuse lymphoma (216 cases), follicular lymphoma (4 cases), mycosis fungoides (4 cases), and others (2 cases). The 216 cases of diffuse NHL were subdivided into small cell (2 cases), medium-sized cell (71 cases), mixed (7 cases), large cell (92 cases), pleomorphic (40 cases), lymphoblastic (3 cases), and Burkitt's type (1 case) lymphoma. Cell surface marker studies using conventional methods were performed on 65 NHL patients, of whom 45 showed T-cell marker and 11 B-cell marker, and 8 had neither marker. The average survival periods were 13.1 mo for 107 patients with NHL, 27.9 mo for those with mycosis fungoides and 70.0 mo for 10 patients with Hodgkin's disease. Patients with adult T-cell leukemia survived for an average of only 5.5 mo. Histologically diffuse pleomorphic type had the worst prognosis. T-cell lymphoma appeared to have a poorer prognosis than B-cell lymphoma.
 ...
PMID:Malignant lymphoma in the Miyazaki district: analysis of 237 biopsy cases. 398 13

Growth of murine spontaneous and transplanted AKR T-cell lymphomas results in marked elevations of serum immunoreactive thymosin alpha 1. Thymosin alpha 1 is one of the peptide hormones believed to be secreted primarily by the thymic epithelium. This elevation, however, is not mediated by the thymus but rather, seems to be directly associated with the tumor cells. Growth of a B-cell lymphoma does not generate elevated immunoreactive thymosin alpha 1 in the serum, thus, a thymosin alpha 1-like peptide is selectively associated with these T-cell lymphomas. The possible relationship between expression of T-leukemia viruses and alpha 1 expression is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Immunoreactive thymosin alpha 1 is associated with murine T-cell lymphomas. 609 35

In a double-blind study, sera of 34 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 19 patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome, and 14 homosexual men with an increased risk of AIDS were screened for antibodies to proteins of the novel human T-lymphotropic retrovirus (leukaemia virus), HTLV-III, recently isolated from cultured T cells of AIDS patients. On a combination of a convenient and rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a more sensitive electroblot (Western) assay, 100% of the AIDS sera were scored positive. Similarly, 84% of the lymphadenopathy patients were found to have serum antibodies to HTLV-III. A lower, but significant, proportion (21%) of healthy homosexual men with an increased risk of AIDS were also positive. No heterosexual controls, including those with heterophile antibodies during the course of infectious mononucleosis and patients with T-cell or B-cell lymphoma, had antibodies to HTLV-III. The results strongly indicate that the antibodies to HTLV-III are diagnostic of AIDS or indicate significant risk of the disease, and suggest that HTLV-III is the primary cause of human AIDS.
 ...
PMID:Seroepidemiological studies of human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type III in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 614 81

A patient undergoing marrow grafting for acute lymphoblastic leukemia from his partially HLA-mismatched sister displayed a widely disseminated immunoblastic sarcoma at autopsy. The tumor was monoclonal by immunoglobulin light-chain staining. Blot hybridization analysis, using a cloned highly polymorphic locus in human DNA as a probe, showed the tumor to be of donor-cell origin. Cytogenetic analysis also demonstrated donor-cell origin. Blot hybridization analysis demonstrated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genomes in the tumor. By contrast, reexamination of material from a previously reported case of a donor-type relapse showed no evidence of EBV DNA. In neither case was there evidence of cytomegalovirus DNA. This study documents the association of EBV with a malignant, monoclonal B-cell lymphoma arising in a marrow graft recipient. We conclude that DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms can be used to prove the origin (donor or host) of neoplastic relapse following allogeneic marrow grafting. Further, cell types different from those of the original leukemia may be involved.
 ...
PMID:A monoclonal immunoblastic sarcoma in donor cells bearing Epstein-Barr virus genomes following allogeneic marrow grafting for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 628 64

Over 50 B-cell derived lines and B-cell lymphoma and leukemia biopsies were screened for expression of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) receptor. The 13 sIgM-positive lines bound more than five times as much virus as the six IgG lines. Among the biopsies, the 17 sIgM, 11 sIgM and sIgD, and seven sIgG expressing biopsies were further divided according to expression of the C3 receptor. C3 receptor-positive biopsies, which expressed sIgM alone or along with sIgD, had the largest subpopulation of cells which expressed the EBV receptor (EBVR). C3 receptor-negative biopsies only expressed the EBVR on half as many cells as their C3 receptor-positive counterparts. However, the relative number of EBVR on individual EBVR-positive cells was independent of C3 receptor expression. Within the sIgG class, both C3 receptor-negative and positive cells expressed equally low levels of EBVR, both in terms of subpopulation and relative number of EBVR per positive cell. These results suggest that subpopulation expression of the EBV receptor is related to the C3 receptor but that relative number of receptors per cell is associated with sIg phenotype.
 ...
PMID:Quantitative comparison of Epstein-Barr virus receptor expression on sIgM and sIgG cell lines and B-cell lymphoma biopsies. 629 Mar 3

Six new B lineage lymphomas of NFS mice established in primary tissue culture were examined for a number of phenotypic, functional, virologic, and molecular genetic characteristics. Two of the tumors and their cloned derivatives bore surface markers characteristic of B cells, whereas four tumors resembled pre-B cells. One of the B cell and two of the pre-B cell lymphomas had rearrangements of both heavy and light chain immunoglobulin genes, confirming their designation as B-lineage lymphomas. All the tumors but one were Ly-1+, indicating that Ly-1 may be expressed by some pre-B cells as well as some B cells. In addition, one pre-B cell lymphoma was Mac-1+. MCF murine leukemia viruses obtained from two of the tumors did not accelerate development of B-lineage lymphomas in NFS mice.
 ...
PMID:A unique series of lymphomas related to the Ly-1+ lineage of B lymphocyte differentiation. 633 Feb 1

Four patients with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and 4 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with alpha-type interferon (Human Lymphoblastoid Interferon: HLBI). Treatment regimen consisted of 3 to 12 million units (MU) of HLBI given intramuscularly once daily. The total dose varied from 36 to 520 MU. Complete remissions were obtained in one of 4 patients with ATL and one of 3 patients with B-cell lymphoma. A partial remission was yielded in one patient with B-cell lymphoma. An overall response rate (CR + PR) was 37.5%. Toxicity included flu-like symptoms, myelosuppression, G-I tract symptoms, fatigue, high fever and hepatic disturbance. On the basis of this study, we have concluded that HLBI is effective for the treatment of ATL and B-cell lymphoma.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of human lymphoblast interferon in adult T-cell leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. 660 14


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>