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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotrophic cytokine. Recent reports indicate that LIF is relevant to murine embryo implantation. In this work, results of indirect immunofluorescence under a confocal microscope illustrated that LIF was mainly located in the uterine lumen and uterine epithelial cells in pregnant mice on day 4. The number of embryos implanted in pregnant mice on day 8 decreased significantly after injection of 3 microg LIF antibodies into a uterine horn (P<0.001), which demonstrated again that LIF is a critical factor for embryo implantation. In a co-culture system, LIF (0.1 ng/ml, 1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml) significantly enhanced the blastocyst outgrowth after 24, 48 or 72 h of co-culture, and outgrowth areas after 72 h of co-culture. Conversely, 5 microg/ml and 10 microg/ml, but not 1 microg/ml, LIF antibodies decreased the percentage of blastocysts with outgrowth; only 10 microg/ml LIF antibody inhibited blastocyst outgrowth area significantly (P<0.001). However, neither LIF nor its antibodies changed embryo attachment. Analysis of correlation showed that the effects of LIF or its antibodies on the blastocyst outgrowth were dose-dependent. In summary, different pathways may exist to regulate the blastocyst attachment and outgrowth on a monolayer of uterine epithelial cells. LIF protein from the maternal uterus exerts an essential role in embryo implantation in the mouse, which is mediated by stimulating trophoblast outgrowth, but not by promoting the attachment.
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PMID:Effects of leukaemia inhibitory factor on embryo implantation in the mouse. 1105 19

This is the last article in a six-part series on metastatic spread and natural history of the 18 most lethal tumors. The articles summarize symptom/problem anticipation, cancer metastasis, and the 18 tumors that each cause more than 6000 deaths/year in the United States. Bladder and brain cancer were discussed, with information given on tumor types, metastatic spread and invasion, and common symptoms. Parts II, III, IV, and V charted the natural histories, problems, and assessment parameters of advanced cancers of the breast, colon and rectum, esophagus, kidney, liver, and lung; and leukemia, melanoma, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cancers of the oral cavity (and pharynx) and ovary. Part VI finishes the series with discussions of cancers of the pancreas, prostate, stomach, and uterus. Each of these cancers is presented separately, with information given on mortality rates, the most common tumor types, sites of metastases, common problems, and common oncology emergencies. Sites of spread, resulting problems (including site-specific symptoms), and assessment parameters are presented as tables. Material is presented so that clinicians are able to anticipate the spread of these cancers and can thus identify problems early in their development so that the problems are more easily managed.
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PMID:Metastatic spread and common symptoms. Part six: Advanced cancer of the pancreas, prostate, stomach, and uterus. 1114 71

The cancer incidence and mortality in Japan are described herein. The total number of deaths from all malignant neoplasms in 1998 was 284,000, corresponding to 30.3% of the total number of deaths among Japanese. Lung was the leading site of cancer deaths (17.9%), followed by the stomach (17.9%), large bowel (12.1%), liver (11.8%), pancreas (6.2%), gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract (5.2%), lymphatic tissue (3.7%), esophagus (3.4%), breast (3.1%), prostate (2.4%), leukemia (2.3%) and uterus (1.8%). The stomach was the leading site of cancer deaths until 1997, but was replaced by the lungs in 1998. The age-standardized mortality rates (1975-1998) have increased gradually for males, but decreased slightly for females. The rates have decreased remarkably for the stomach and uterus, while increasing for the lungs, large bowel, female breast, gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract, pancreas, and others. The total incidence for all cancers in Japan was estimated to be 454,000 in 1995. The stomach was the leading cancer site (22.2%), followed by the large bowel (17.7%), lung (11.6%), liver (7.8%), breast (6.6%), pancreas (3.7%), gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract (3.4%), lymphatic tissue (3.1%) and uterus (2.9%). The age-standardized incidence rates for all sites (1975-1995) have increased gradually for males, while remaining constant for females after a slight increase in the late 1970s. The incidence rates have decreased for the stomach and uterus, but increased for the large bowel, female breast, lung, liver, gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract, pancreas, prostate and others. The increase in the incidence rate was prominent for the large bowel, female breast and prostate.
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PMID:[Time-trends in cancer incidence and mortality in Japan]. 1124 34

We have investigated the possible roles of oncostatin M (OSM), which is a member of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines, in endometrial and endometriotic stromal cell growth. Endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells were collected from the uterus or ovarian chocolate cysts. We observed the expression of mRNA transcripts for OSM, OSM receptor subunit beta, leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor subunit (LIFR), and glycoprotein 130 in endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells. We also examined the effects of OSM (0-50 ng/ml) and LIF (0-10 ng/ml) on endometrial and endometriotic stromal cell proliferation and evaluated the effects of OSM on endometrial stromal cell differentiation. The presence of 10-50 ng/ml OSM significantly suppressed endometrial stromal cell growth in secretory phase tissue but not in proliferative phase tissue. In contrast, stromal cells in endometriotic tissues were resistant to the inhibitory effects of OSM. Addition of LIF did not influence the growth of endometrial stromal cells. We also showed that 10 ng/ml OSM stimulated markers of differentiation causing increased prolactin secretion and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in endometrial stromal cells from the secretory phase. These results suggest that OSM may play a pivotal role in regulating the growth and differentiation of endometrial cells. Endometriotic cells may behave differently from normal endometrial cells in terms of the inhibitory response to OSM.
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PMID:Menstrual cycle-specific inhibition of endometrial stromal cell proliferation by oncostatin M. 1142 Mar 90

Murine Ba/F3 cells were transfected with cDNA for the alpha-chain of the murine interleukin-5 (IL-5) receptor and cloned lines of these cells were able to proliferate in response to as little as 2.5 pg/ml of IL-5. The bioassay was demonstrated to be specific for IL-5 and was able to measure IL-5 produced in culture by organs from adult C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. The highest levels of IL-5 were produced by lung tissue but thymus and bladder consistently produced IL-5 and more variable production was observed by the heart, spleen, muscle, bone shaft, uterus and testes. Bone marrow cells produced no detectable IL-5. Observed levels of production of IL-5 were similar when using organs from mice lacking high-affinity receptors for IL-5 and from nu/nu, RAG-1-/- and NOD/SCID mice lacking T lymphocytes. In inflammatory peritoneal exudates induced by the injection of casein plus bacteria, levels of induced IL-5 were higher if the mice lacked high-affinity receptors for IL-5. The data indicate that T lymphocytes are not the dominant cellular source of IL-5 in organ-conditioned media and that local IL-5 production can occur with a wide range of normal murine organs.
Leukemia 2001 Aug
PMID:The multi-organ origin of interleukin-5 in the mouse. 1148 May 67

Among the late effects of exposure to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, none looms larger than radiation related malignancies. Indeed, the late effects of A-bomb radiation on mortality appear to be limited to an increase in malignant tumors. At present, it can be shown that cancers of the breast, colon, esophagus, lungs, stomach, thyroid, and urinary tract as well as leukemia and multiple myeloma increase in frequency with an increase in exposure. No significant relationship to radiation can as yet be established for malignant lymphoma, nor cancers of the rectum, pancreas or uterus. Radiation induced malignancies other than leukemia seem to develop proportionally to the natural cancer rate for the attained age. For specific age-at-death intervals, both relative and absolute risks tend to be higher for those of younger age at the time of bombing. Other late effects include radiation-related lenticular opacities, disturbances of growth among those survivors still growing at the time of exposure, and mental retardation and small head sizes among the in utero exposed. Chromosomal abnormalities too are more frequently encountered in the peripheral leukocytes of survivors, and this increase is functionally related to their exposure. Some uncertainty continues to surround both the quantity and quality of the radiation released by these two nuclear devices, particularly the Hiroshima bomb. A recent reassessment suggests that the gamma radiation estimates which have been used in the past may be too low at some distances and the neutron radiation estimates too high at all distances; moreover, the energies of the neutrons released now appear "softer" than previously conjectured. These uncertainties are not sufficiently large, however, to compromise the reality of the increased frequency of malignancy, but make estimates of the dose response, particularly in terms of gamma and neutron exposures, tentative.
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PMID:Late radiation responses in man: current evaluation from results from Hiroshima and Nagasaki. 1154 50

The effects of hormones on production of leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and the uterine receptivity in rabbits were studied. In ovariectomised rabbits, LIF protein was not detected in control but upregulated by progesterone alone. Oestrogen had a slightly negative effect when the rabbits were treated with both oestrogen and progesterone. Mifepristone (Mi) inhibited the progesterone-stimulated production of LIF in rabbit uterus. The transfer of embryos to LIF-treated recipients significantly increased pregnancy rate (70%) and implantation rate (27%) as compared with control (pregnancy rate=40% and implantation rate=17%). The transfer of embryos to LIF and mifepristone-treated recipients significantly decreased pregnancy rate (30%) and implantation rate (9%). The results indicated that LIF protein had a beneficial effect on uterine receptivity and mifepristone prevented this effect.
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PMID:Effects of leukaemia inhibitory factor on endometrial receptivity and its hormonal regulation in rabbits. 1158 23

Overexpression of SSAT (polyamine catabolic enzyme) in female mice results in impaired ovarian folliculogenesis and uterine hypoplasia. To identify the molecular basis for this, the gene expression profiles in uterus and ovary and for comparison, liver and kidney, from non-transgenic (NT) and SSAT transgenic (ST) mice were compared. The mRNA abundance for lipoprotein lipase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was elevated in all four ST (>NT) tissues. The translation initiation factor-3 subunit 5 mRNA, and transcripts related to endogenous murine leukemia provirus (MLV-related) and murine retrovirus-related sequences (MuRRS) were decreased in ST tissues. A novel calmodulin-related mRNA was strongly induced in ST liver and kidney. SSAT overexpression was associated with increased levels of IGF-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in the uterus and ovary, and a reduction in IGFBP-3 mRNA levels in the uterus. Exogenous spermidine and spermine elevated endogenous IGFBP-2 and SSAT mRNA abundance, whereas, putrescine stimulated IGFBP-2 mRNA abundance and transfected IGFBP-2 gene promoter activity in human (Hec-1-A) uterine cells. Sp1 and BTEB1 mRNAs that encode transcription factors for the IGFBP-2 gene also were induced in some ST tissues. The data suggest that SSAT and polyamines are important for the control of molecular pathways underlying reproductive tract tissue growth, phenotype, and function.
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PMID:Altered levels of growth-related and novel gene transcripts in reproductive and other tissues of female mice overexpressing spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT). 1170 47

Epidemiological association between chronic exposure to pesticides and recorded cases of human malignancy in Gaza Governorates during the years 1990-1999 was studied. The pesticide usage in Gaza Governorates was recorded in detail. It ranged from 216.9 to 393.3 t from 1990 to 1999, respectively. Banned and extremely hazardous pesticides are identified according to their carcinogenicity, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Hospital cases of cancers in men and women were recorded. Each tumor type was grouped according to sex and age group from 0 to > 65 years. Total cases recorded in males were 2277, with average annual incidence and age-adjusted rate/100,000 was 53.2 and 96.8 respectively, whereas the total for females was 2458 cases, average annual incidence and age-adjusted rate/100,000 was 59.7 and 105.3, respectively, over the same 10 years. Lung cancer, lymphomas, leukemia, cancers of the urinary bladder, prostate, brain, colon, stomach and liver were the most abundant among males, while breast cancer, leukemia, lymphomas, cancers of the brain, uterus, lung, thyroid gland and liver were the most abundant in females. Statistical analysis using correlation coefficients and P values showed highly significant positive correlations between the type of pesticide and cancer incidence for male, female and both sexes. Correlation coefficients and P values, respectively, for both sexes were: 0.992 and 0.000 for insecticides; 0.952 and 0.000 for fungicides; 0.812 and 0.004 for herbicides; 0.925 and 0.000 for nematicides; 0.992 and 0.000 for others; and 0.994 and 0.000 for all types of pesticides. In the densely populated agricultural areas, it is not possible to separate or differentiate between occupational and general public exposure. Consequently, the introduction of and heavy use and misuse of pesticides and other toxic substances in the Gaza environment is suspected to correlate with the growing incidence of cancer. Precise determination of the effects of chronic exposure is, therefore, urgently needed. Future legislation to stop and regulate the use of extremely hazardous compounds will be essential. Continuous records for chronic diseases and cancers are also required for future follow-ups and periodical risk-assessment evaluations. Hence, further epidemiological studies are needed with detailed exposure assessment for individual pesticides, taking measures to reduce risk into consideration.
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PMID:Association between chronic exposure to pesticides and recorded cases of human malignancy in Gaza Governorates (1990-1999). 1184 76

Trends in mortality rates are usually presented per tumour site or per country without an overall analysis of the complete data encompassing all three aspects (tumour sites, countries, trends). This paper presents a methodology for such an overall analysis using three-way methods applied to a data set on female mortality rates for 17 tumour sites of 43 countries for the years 1968-1985. Multivariate techniques like biplots and three-mode principal component analysis within an overall three-way analysis-of-variance framework were used. We confirmed the known patterns of comparatively high mortality for women due to cancer of the bladder, intestines, pancreas, rectum, breast, ovary, skin and leukaemia and the relatively low mortality rates for liver cancer in Western and Northern Europe, the USA, Australia and New Zealand. Also, the reverse pattern was observed for Middle and Southern Europe, Hong Kong, Singapore, and in Japan, and in some but not all Latin American countries. The relatively mortality due to cancer was high in the lungs, mouth, larynx and oesophagus in the British Isles, but was much less in other European countries. Mortality due to cancer of the thyroid, uterus, gall bladder and stomach was high in Middle European countries, as was the case in Japan, Chile and Costa Rica. Rates were low for Southern European countries, North America, Australia and New Zealand. Specific deviating patterns in the data were the more rapidly decreasing mortality rates for stomach cancer in Chile and Japan and the more rapidly increasing mortality rates for lung cancer in the USA, Scotland and Denmark. In conclusion, using three-way methods, it was feasible to analyse the cancer mortality data in their entirety. This enabled the simultaneous comparison of trends in relative mortality rates between all countries due to all tumour sites, as well as the identification of specific deviating trends for specific tumour sites in specific countries.
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PMID:Added value of three-way methods for the analysis of mortality trends illustrated with worldwide female cancer mortality (1968-1985). 1209 59


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