Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data were obtained for all deaths registered between 1979-1983, and for all new cancers recorded at the Victorian Cancer Registry between 1982-1983, in residents of Melbourne. A socioeconomic status (SES) measure had been produced for each local government area (LGA) by principal components analysis of sociodemographic variables recorded at the 1981 census. A SES score from 1 to 10 was assigned to each death and cancer. Population data from the census were similarly scored. Age standardised rates for all cause mortality, for mortality from all causes other than cancer and for both incidence and mortality of total cancers, cancer of the stomach, colon, rectum, lung, female breast, cervix, uterus, prostate and bladder, and for melanoma, lymphoma and leukaemia were analysed as a function of SES decile using weighted linear regression. Despite the limited number of years of data and the misclassification of the SES score, analyses showed there were inequitable distributions of mortality, and of some major cancers, across social strata in Melbourne during the early 1980s. The incidences of cancer of the breast, colon, prostate and melanoma were all positively associated with SES, while the incidences of cancer of the stomach, lung and cervix demonstrated negative SES gradients. For cancers where incidence showed a significant SES gradient there was a similar SES gradient with mortality. These patterns are consistent with the literature and implicate SES differences in education and access to services. Implications for health policy are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Socioeconomic status and cancer mortality and incidence in Melbourne. 183 29

Cancer mortality in relation to radiation dose was evaluated among 4153 women treated with intrauterine radium (226Ra) capsules for benign gynecologic bleeding disorders between 1925 and 1965. Average follow up was 26.5 years (maximum = 59.9 years). Overall, 2763 deaths were observed versus 2687 expected based on U.S. mortality rates [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 1.03]. Deaths due to cancer, however, were increased (SMR = 1.30), especially cancers of organs close to the radiation source. For organs receiving greater than 5 Gy, excess mortality of 100 to 110% was noted for cancers of the uterus and bladder 10 or more years following irradiation, while a deficit was seen for cancer of the cervix, one of the few malignancies not previously shown to be caused by ionizing radiation. Part of the excess of uterine cancer, however, may have been due to the underlying gynecologic disorders being treated. Among cancers of organs receiving average or local doses of 1 to 4 Gy, excesses of 30 to 100% were found for leukemia and cancers of the colon and genital organs other than uterus; no excess was seen for rectal or bone cancer. Among organs typically receiving 0.1 to 0.3 Gy, a deficit was recorded for cancers of the liver, gall bladder, and bile ducts combined, death due to stomach cancer occurred at close to the expected rate, a 30% excess was noted for kidney cancer (based on eight deaths), and there was a 60% excess of pancreatic cancer among 10-year survivors, but little evidence of dose-response. Estimates of the excess relative risk per Gray were 0.006 for uterus, 0.4 for other genital organs, 0.5 for colon, 0.2 for bladder, and 1.9 for leukemia. Contrary to findings for other populations treated by pelvic irradiation, a deficit of breast cancer was not observed (SMR = 1.0). Dose to the ovaries (median, 2.3 Gy) may have been insufficient to protect against breast cancer. For organs receiving greater than 1 Gy, cancer mortality remained elevated for more than 30 years, supporting the notion that radiation damage persists for many years after exposure.
 ...
PMID:Cancer mortality following radium treatment for uterine bleeding. 221 30

The present study, the ninth in a series that began in 1961, extends the time of surveillance 3 more years and covers the period 1950-1985. It is based on the recently revised doses, termed the DS86. The impact of the change from the T65D to the DS86 on the dose-response relationships for cancer mortality was described in the first of this series of reports. Here, the focus is on cancer mortality among the 76,000 A-bomb survivors within the LSS sample for whom DS86 doses have been estimated, with the emphasis on biological issues associated with radiation carcinogenesis. Briefly, the following is found: The excess in leukemia mortality has continued to decline with time, but remains slightly but significantly elevated in 1981-1985 in Hiroshima. For cancers other than leukemia, as a group, excess deaths continue to increase over time in direct proportion to the normal increase in natural cancer mortality with increasing age, and the relative risk seems unchanged over time within age ATB cohorts. The single exception is the cohort under 10 years of age ATB. Within this group of survivors, where the relative risk, although based on relatively few deaths, has been quite high at the higher doses, as judged by deaths before the age of 30, the risk has fallen and has remained fairly constant at a lower level thereafter. Thus the present analysis still supports, in the main, estimation of lifetime risk based on the assumption of a constant relative risk. For the same age ATD, both the relative and absolute risks are higher for younger age ATB cohorts than older ones for cancers other than leukemia. There is no statistically significant difference in excess deaths between males and females except for leukemia, though the relative risk is higher for females than for males, significantly so for cancers of the esophagus and lung, reflecting the higher background cancer rate for males. Significant dose responses are observed for leukemia, cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colon, lung, breast, ovary, and urinary bladder and multiple myeloma, as previously observed. No significant increase is demonstrable as yet for cancers of the rectum, gallbladder, pancreas, uterus, and prostate and malignant lymphoma. In the present report, cancers of the bone, pharynx, nose, and larynx, and skin except melanoma are also examined, but none of these sites show a significant increase with dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. 9. Mortality, 1950-1985: Part 2. Cancer mortality based on the recently revised doses (DS86). 230 30

Following rapid development of chemotherapy to leukemia, reports about tumor-forming-leukemia are on the increase. But ovarian tumor-forming-leukemia is relatively rare, hence not enough is known about it. Recently, the authors experienced a case of young woman with recurrent leukemia which manifested as a giant ovarian tumor. She suffered from acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in February, 1986, and received chemotherapy (predonisolone and cytocine arabinoside) until complete remission in peripheral blood. But she developed a giant abdominal tumor in May, 1988, and admitted to our hospital for close examination and treatment. Preoperative blood examination was within normal range, and peripheral blood smear revealed no leukemic blasts. She had a giant abdominal tumor occupying whole abdominal cavity, and the tumor showed solid pattern in ultra-sonography, CT and NMR-CT. Malignant lower abdominal tumor was suspected, and simple abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy and omentumectomy was performed on 27th. May, 1988. A giant abdominal tumor developed from left ovary, infiltrating to the uterus through left Fallopian tube, and metastatic lesion at omentum were present. Postoperative pathological findings in immunochemistry showed that the tumor was recurrence of ALL as tumor-forming-leukemia. After operation, she was treated in the department of internal medicine for postoperative chemotherapy (TCMP-therapy 1 kur) and discharged in December, 1988. She is alive and healthy 10 months after operation, and reveals no signs of recurrence. It was important to recognize lower abdominal tumor in leukemic patients as gynecologic problem, and significance of surgical approach to ovarian tumor-forming-leukemia was indicated.
 ...
PMID:[A case of young woman with giant ovarian tumor as the manifestation of leukemic recurrence]. 239 43

Twelve sheep were experimentally infected with a phytohemagglutinin (PHA) treated short term culture of lymphocytes from a cow naturally infected with BLV at the PL stage. Five of 12 (42%) BLV infected sheep had histologically confirmed lymphosarcoma 10-16 months after infection. The PBL's were increased to leukemic levels 3-21 weeks before death due to lymphoblastic leukemia. Lymphocyte proliferation and appearance of immature lymphocytes and lymphoblastic cells in the blood were a characteristic feature of tumour development following inoculation with an Australian strain of BLV. In contrast to a number of previous studies the peripheral lymph nodes of all infected sheep were clinically normal throughout the experimental period but at death gross tumours were evident in the mesentric lymph nodes and the heart in all cases. All the other lymph nodes, liver, spleen, kidney and lung were histologically infiltrated with lymphoid tumour cells. Gross tumours were present in the abomasum (1 out of 5) in the urinary tract (2 out of 5) and in the uterus (1 out of 2). The majority of the tumour cells isolated from the various tissues were centroblastic demonstrating that the malignant leukemia in experimentally infected sheep was of a multicentric centroblastic type. The central nervous system was not involved in any case.
 ...
PMID:Lymphosarcoma development in sheep experimentally infected with bovine leukaemia virus. 255 6

A comparative study was made on mortality during a 15-year period from 1968 to 1982 between atomic bomb survivors resident in Hiroshima Prefecture and non-exposed controls. The mortality rate for all causes of death was lower in atomic bomb survivors than in the non-exposed, but the rate was higher among those directly exposed within about 1 km than in the non-exposed. The mortality rate for malignant neoplasms was higher in atomic bomb survivors than in the non-exposed, but that for cerebrovascular disease and heart disease was lower. In examining the rate for malignant neoplasms by site, the sites showing a high mortality rate among atomic bomb survivors were almost identical to the results of the Life Span Study. For these sites, the shorter the exposure distance the higher was the mortality rate. The rate for malignant neoplasms of the uterus and stomach, and leukemia was unnaturally high among early entrants whose period after issuance of atomic bomb survivor's health handbook was short. In observing the atomic bomb survivors by the level of family destruction due to the bombing as a socio-economic factor, a tendency was observed for the mortality rate for malignant neoplasms, diseases of blood and blood-forming organs, and peptic ulcer, to be higher among survivors with severe family destruction.
 ...
PMID:Mortality statistics of major causes of death among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima Prefecture from 1968 to 1982. 279 17

Two peaks of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) activity were resolved when guinea pig uterus cytosolic proteins were chromatographed on a DEAE-Sepharose column. The first peak of enzyme activity eluting from the DEAE-Sepharose column (PI-PLC I) was further purified to homogeneity, whereas the second peak of enzyme activity was enriched 300-fold. PI-PLC I migrated as a 62-kDa protein on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Antibodies prepared against PI-PLC I failed to react with PI-PLC II. PI-PLC I hydrolyzed all three phosphoinositides, exhibiting a greater Vmax for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate greater than phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate greater than phosphatidylinositol. Hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol was calcium-dependent, whereas significant hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate occurred in the presence of 2.5 mM EGTA. At physiological concentrations of calcium, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate were the preferred substrates. Antibodies specific for PI-PLC I reacted with a 62-kDa protein in both the cytosol and membrane fractions from guinea pig uterus. Quantitation of the immunoblots revealed that 25% of the 62-kDa protein was membrane-associated, whereas only 5% of the total enzyme activity was membrane-associated. Approximately 20% of the membrane-bound phospholipase C activity and immunoreactive material were loosely bound, whereas the remainder required detergent extraction for complete solubilization. The 62-kDa protein associated with the membrane fractions did not bind lectin affinity columns, suggesting that it was not glycosylated. PI-PLC I was identified as a phosphoprotein in [32P]orthophosphate-labeled rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-1) cells by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting. In untreated cells, 32P-labeled PI-PLC I was found in the cytosolic fraction. Treatment of RBL-1 cells with those phorbol esters which are known to activate the Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme protein kinase C, resulted in a time-dependent increase in the phosphorylation of both membrane-bound and cytosolic PI-PLC I. Thus, in RBL-1 cells, protein kinase C may play an important role in the regulation of phospholipase C through protein phosphorylation.
 ...
PMID:Purification and characterization of a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C from guinea pig uterus. Phosphorylation by protein kinase C in vivo. 282 Sep 80

Tumorous manifestations of myelosis with or without leukemia are rarely seen today as they appear at a very late stage of the disease. They are of importance to the gynecologist in the differential diagnoses concerning the breast, the endometrium and uterus, the placenta and the fetus. The case report of a myeloreticulosis of the uterus, three years after an acute myeloid leukemia was treated, is described.
 ...
PMID:[Myeloreticulosis of the uterus following acute myeloid leukemia]. 323 18

Findings of the People's Republic of China (PRC) Cancer Mortality Survey were reviewed for historic background, implications for etiologic-interventive clues, and transitional experience among Chinese migrants. Rates, calculated using the 10% sample census, were all age-adjusted. Cancer comprised about 10% of total deaths, with stomach cancer as the top killer. Minority rates, adjusted to the 1964 China population, ranged from 26.7 (Miao) to 127.5 (Kazak). Multiple high-risk areas were noted for cancer of the esophagus and other sites, and urban rates exceeded those for rural areas. The transitional experience among U.S. Chinese was examined at geographic-generational levels. Among U.S. Chinese, downward trends were found for cancers known as to be high-risk for Asian-Chinese (nasopharynx, esophagus, liver, uterus, and perhaps stomach). The reverse was true for low-risk sites (colon, lung leukemia, and female breast). Lung and colorectal cancers among females were the only major sites for which foreign-born Chinese had higher rates than U.S.-born.
 ...
PMID:The National Mortality Survey of China: implications for cancer control and prevention. 324 26

Radiation doses absorbed by the uterus, ovary, testicle and active bone marrow are computed for cervical, thoracic, lumbar, full spine and chest series performed under typical office conditions. Assuming a nonthreshold, linear relationship between dose and radiogenic effect, the computed tissue-specific doses are used to estimate the probability that each X-ray series might enhance the statistical probability of occurrence of an adult leukemia fatality of the irradiated patient; a childhood leukemia, mental retardation or cancer fatality as a result of fetal irradiation; or a variety of sex cell chromosomal aberrations in irradiated patients. It is concluded that the greatest hazard to active bone marrow, the uterus and the gonads is posed by lumbar and full spine radiography and that the need to adequately justify such exposure is mandatory; furthermore, in these series, irradiation of the ovary is 10 times as great as that of the testicle. Lumbar radiographic examinations can be made significantly safer by the elimination of the lumbosacral spot view.
 ...
PMID:Organ-specific dosimetry in spinal radiography: an analysis of genetic and somatic effects. 335 98


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>