Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Abnormalities of immune surveillance may contribute to the development of myeloid malignancy as well as immune-mediated diseases. In leukaemia, allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) has been used to induce disease remission, in part by restoring mechanisms of immune regulation. Although, by the same principle, allogeneic stem cell transplantation is an attractive option for the treatment of immunological disorders, it is unclear whether remission after transplantation is due to pre-transplant conditioning, or modulation of auto-reactive lymphocytes by cells in the allograft. We report the case of a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) who received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant (alloBMT) from his brother. He subsequently suffered a cytogenetic and molecular relapse of CML. At the same time, sarcoidosis involving the marrow was diagnosed. He was treated with donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) and attained remission from CML; in addition, no giant cell granulomas were detected in the marrow, indicating resolution of sarcoidosis. This case illustrates the need for further studies on the role of T cell-based therapies in the management of immune-mediated disorders.
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PMID:Resolution of sarcoidosis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation with donor lymphocyte infusions. 1136 Jan 18

'Sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome' is known as an association of sarcoidosis with malignant lymphoma. We report a 56-year-old woman with systemic sarcoidosis who was seropositive for antibody against human T cell lymphoma/leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). This patient showed integration of HTLV-I proviral DNA within cutaneous sarcoid nodules, but not in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Neither atypical lymphocytes nor a T cell receptor beta1 gene rearrangement were observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells or in cutaneous nodules, indicating that the patient did not have a smouldering type of adult T cell lymphoma/leukemia. Detection of integration of HTLV-I proviral DNA in cutaneous sarcoid nodules could suggest that the sarcoid nodules might have been generated as a protective response to chronic stimuli of HTLV-I.
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PMID:Detection of HTLV-I proviral DNA in sarcoidosis. 1154 1

Many hormones and some neuropeptides and neurotransmitters play a key role in regulating numerous lymphoid cell functions. In particular, somatostatin (ss), substance P (sp) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) appear to be involved in numerous regulating mechanisms of cell activities in the immune system under both physiological and pathological conditions. ss may be produced by lymphoid cells and accessories as part of the immune system. The distribution of somatostatin receptors (ssr) in the normal human thymus has prompted the hypothesis that ss, and probably other neuropeptides, may play an important role in cell homeostasis in this organ, as well as being one of the processes that regulates the maturation of T lymphocytes. The advent of molecular biology has showed a variable expression of ssr on the various T and B cell lines or lines deriving from lymphoma/ leukemia and human myeloma. Using autoradiographic studies, ssr have been predominantly found in lymphoblastic areas of lymphoma, which represent the active part of the tumour. The expression of ssR has been found in vivo and in vitro, also in pathological sites in patients with autoimmune and granulomatous diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and sarcoidosis.
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PMID:[Somatostatin receptors in immune system cells]. 1175 40

Recent research during the last decades revealed evidence for the pathogenic role of the vitreous in many diseases of the retina. After a survey of the surgical anatomy and biochemistry of the vitreous, the author summarises present knowledge of various vitreoretinal disorders. Vitreoretinal disorders are discussed as follows: congenital anomalies, pathologic vitreoretinal adhesions, vitreous opacities, inflammatory diseases, vitreous hemorrhages and cellular infiltration of the vitreous. Special emphasis is placed on vitroretinal disorders of general importance, such as diabetic retinopathy, endogenous (fungal) endophthalmitis, Whipple disease, Crohn disease, sarcoidosis, shaken-baby syndrome, Terson syndrome, metastatic tumours of the choroid, cellular infiltration of the vitreous due to leukaemia or non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and amyloidosis. During the last few years better understanding of vitreoretinal disorders and improved diagnostic and therapeutic methods opened a new era of vitreoretinal surgery.
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PMID:[Role of the vitreous body in vitreoretinal diseases]. 1263 43

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been recognized as a frequent pathogen involved in interstitial pneumonia (IP), and CMV-IP is a severe and life-threatening complication in the immunocompromised patients. The use of real-time PCR in molecular diagnostics has increased to the point where it is now accepted as the gold standard for detecting a wide variety of templates including viruses. Therefore, we developed a rapid quantification system of CMV using a LightCycler in order to clarify the possible role of CMV reactivation in patients with hematologic neoplasia showing pulmonary complications. Sixty-nine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens were obtained from consecutively treated patients showing interstitial shadow including 20 patients with hematologic neoplasia. First, we determined the viral burden in BAL cells from healthy volunteers, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and sarcoidosis. CMV copy numbers in samples obtained from healthy volunteers, IIP and sarcoidosis, were less than 10(2) copies per 1 microg of DNA, whether or not BAL cells were composed of high percentage of lymphocytes. Among 20 patients with hematologic neoplasia analyzed, two specimens obtained from leukemia patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, two from GvHD, one with CMV interstitial pneumonia and one with Hodgkin's disease had high level of CMV viral DNA. Our results suggest that measurement of CMV genomes in BAL cells using real-time PCR may be useful not only to understand the involvement of CMV in systematic respiratory tract disease but also in management of the care of respiratory complications in hematologic neoplasia.
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PMID:Quantification of human cytomegalovirus using bronchoalveolar lavage cells in pulmonary complications associated with hematologic neoplasia. 1273 22

Bilateral simultaneous facial paralysis is an extremely rare clinical entity. Unlike the unilateral form, bilateral facial paralysis seldom falls into Bell's category. It is most often a special finding in a symptom complex of a systemic disease; many of them are potentially life-threatening, and therefore the condition warrants urgent medical intervention. Lyme disease, Guillian-Barre syndrome, Bell's palsy, leukemia, sarcoidosis, bacterial meningitis, syphilis, leprosy, Moebius syndrome, infectious mononucleosis, and skull fracture are the most common cause of bilateral facial paralysis. Here we present a 16-year-old patient with bilateral simultaneous Bell's palsy.
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PMID:A case presentation of bilateral simultaneous Bell's palsy. 1288 23

Polycythemia vera is classified with myelogenous leukaemia, agnogenic myeloid metaplasia and primary thrombocythemia as a myeloproliferative syndrome. Cutaneous symptoms have been reported with polycythemia vera, including facial plethora, aquagenic pruritus, urticaria, purpura, Sweet's syndrome and pyoderma gangrenosum. However, polycythemia vera associated with systemic sarcoidosis has been rarely reported. An unusual case of polycythemia vera associated with cutaneous sarcoidosis is described.
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PMID:Cutaneous sarcoidosis and polycythemia vera. 1548

A 65-year-old female with a one-month history of painful eruptions on her lower extremities was admitted to our hospital. Histological examination revealed erythema nodosum (EN), and the patient was treated with oral prednisolone (PSL; 20 mg daily). The eruptions subsided in two weeks. One month later, painful reddish eruptions recurred on her upper limbs and abdomen in addition to her lower extremities. A skin biopsy from an abdominal erythematous plaque revealed a non-caseating granuloma without microorganisms or foreign-body materials. These eruptions also disappeared with treatment with oral PSL (20 mg daily). No underlying disease, including sarcoidosis, diabetes mellitus, or rheumatoid arthritis, was found. However, five months later, the patient developed conspicuous leukocytosis. She was diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4) and treated with chemotherapy. After complete remission had been achieved, the EN reappeared, in association with an increase in blastic cells in the bone marrow. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta, which are thought to be essential for granuloma formation and induction of EN, were markedly elevated. Physicians must remember that recurrent EN and granulomatous lesions can be a prodromal sign of leukemia.
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PMID:Erythema nodosum and granulomatous lesions preceding acute myelomonocytic leukemia. 1562 21

For cellulitis that does not respond to conventional antimicrobial treatment, clinicians should consider, among other explanations, several noninfectious disorders that might masquerade as infectious cellulitis. Diseases that commonly masquerade as this condition include thrombophlebitis, contact dermatitis, insect stings, drug reactions, eosinophilic cellulitis (the Wells syndrome), gouty arthritis, carcinoma erysipelatoides, familial Mediterranean fever, and foreign-body reactions. Diseases that uncommonly masquerade as infectious cellulitis include urticaria, lymphedema, lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, lymphoma, leukemia, Paget disease, and panniculitis. Clinicians should do an initial diagnostic work-up directed by the findings from a detailed history and complete physical examination. In many cases, skin biopsy is the only tool that helps identify the correct diagnosis. Special tests may also be needed.
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PMID:Narrative review: diseases that masquerade as infectious cellulitis. 1623 Jul 33

Known causes of conjunctival salmon patches include lymphoma, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, leukaemia and benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia. The aetiology of benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia is thought to be a localized reactive change induced by an irritative or antigenic stimulus. The case of benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia reported herein occurred in a myopic patient with extremely thin sclera. The authors' hypothesis is that choroidal antigens are able to perfuse through thin sclera and act as chronic irritants to the overlying conjunctiva resulting in a lymphoid response and subsequent salmon patch formation.
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PMID:Conjunctival benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia associated with myopic scleral thinning. 1567 84


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