Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several studies have been performed in the last ten-years on the biochemical and physiopathologic properties of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Human lung and kidney are a rich source of ACE and the enzyme is bound to the plasma-membrane of vascular endothelial cells; however, the small intestine and the choroid plexus are also particularly rich in ACE, where it is concentrated on the surface of cuboidal epithelial cells facing the cerebrospinal fluid. The ACE is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 150,000 daltons and it cleaves C-terminal dipeptides of several oligo-peptides, including angiotensin I and bradykinin. It catalyzes conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and induces inactivation of bradykinin. Synthetic acylated tripeptides such as radiolabelled hippuryl-histidyl-leucine and hippuryl-glycyl-glycine have been found to be the most suitable substrates for determining the activity of ACE with radiochemical assays. The mean-normal values for ACE activity is 25 U/ml; there are no significant differences in ACE activity between different sexes and races, but there is significant decrease in adults. The measurement of ACE activity in sarcoidosis suggests the following results: 1) There is a relationship between the increased SACE and LACE activity and active disease and between normal ACE activity and inactive disease. 2) Normal or decreased ACE activity is useful for therapeutic evaluation of sarcoidosis. 3) Increased SACE activity can be a sensitive parameter for predicting clinical relapse of the disease. An increased SACE activity is found in a wide variety of non-sarcoid granulomatous diseases and non-granulomatous systemic diseases. A decreased SACE and LACE activity is found in non-granulomatous pulmonary diseases such as "Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome", lung cancer and lung toxicity caused by antineoplastic drugs. Moreover, a low preoperative SACE is associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer and its levels may be useful for predicting clinical relapse of this disorder after operation. Finally, a low SACE activity is found in malignant lymphomas, leukemia and multiple myeloma. A relationship is also found between decreased enzyme activity and a poor prognosis and clinical relapse of these diseases.
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PMID:[ACE: physiopathology and role in the diagnosis and prognosis of systemic granulomatosis, neoplasms and lung toxicity caused by antineoplastic agents]. 217 27

Vitamin D3 (D2 is 22-ene,24-methyl D3) is a prehormone which is hydroxylated by mixed function mono-oxygenase NADPH-cytochrome P-450 ferredoxin/ferredoxin reductase systems in liver parenchyma and renal proximal tubular cells to 25-hydroxy, then 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the active hormone. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D binds to a mainly intranuclear receptor in target cells [classically, bone, kidney and gut; now shown to be wider including parathyroid cells, endocrine cells generally and many cells of ectodermal (brain, skin) and mesodermal (blood forming cells, lymphnode cells) origin as well as tumour cells (breast, lymphoma, leukaemia)] and activates transcription for products such as calcium binding proteins, its own receptor protein, 24-hydroxylase and non-specific esterase which are active in calcium homeostasis and cell differentiation. Advanced methods for measuring components of the vitamin D endocrine system have been developed and involve column extractions, liquid chromatographic purifications (also HPLC) and protein and receptor binding assays as well as mass spectrometry. These have facilitated elucidation of vitamin D physiology (also in pregnancy and lactation) and of metabolic defects in classical, vitamin D resistant and renal rickets and osteomalacia, in sarcoidosis and in the possible involvement of the vitamin in cell differentiation, e.g. in myeloid leukaemia, and breast cancer.
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PMID:An emerging view of vitamin D. 224 81

Sarcoidosis has been observed in association with numerous blood dyscrasias including lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. This report describes a patient with sarcoidosis and a refractory anemia whose bone marrow karyotype showed deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5, consistent with a myelodysplastic syndrome. Concurrent sarcoidosis and myelodysplasia may relate to the continued availability of cytokines as a consequence of repeated macrophage, T-cell, and B-cell interactions, with evolution to the 5q- abnormality. This association may merit specific attention in the future approach to the diagnostic evaluation in certain patients with sarcoidosis.
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PMID:Development of 5q- myelodysplasia in a patient with sarcoidosis. 236 16

Bone marrow scintigraphy with 111In-citrin was used to investigate 55 patients with varying hemoblastoses. The high informative value of the method was shown in extended stages of polycythemia vera, lymphogranulomatosis, multiple myeloma and in leukemia. The method enables assessment of the morphofunctional state of the whole solid mass of the hemopoietic tissue. The data of bone marrow scintigraphy with 111In-citrin can be useful in determination of the disease stage, optimum scheme of its treatment, the therapeutic effectiveness control and prognosis of hemoblastoses.
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PMID:[Bone marrow scintigraphy with 111In-citrin in the diagnosis of hemoblastoses]. 251 93

The recent report of an immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL)-like T cell lymphoma has rekindled questions about the nature, reactive or neoplastic, of IBL, angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AIL), and lymphogranulomatosis X (LgX) and blurred the criteria for their diagnosis. We looked in the literature and our own data for a categorization of AIL (IBL, LgX) and related disorders, needed for future prospective studies. Specific differences in the original histologic definitions and discordant immunophenotypic data may warrant the separate consideration of AIL, IBL and LgX and their subdivision into predominantly T cell or B cell lesions. DNA hybridization and cytogenetic studies of the processes sharing histologic features of AIL (IBL, LgX) demonstrate a continuum of disorders from purely reactive to frankly malignant, which may be categorized as follows: (1) those without evidence of clonality by any of three parameters (immunophenotypic, immunogenotypic, and cytogenetic), for which only the term AIL (IBL, LgX) might be reserved; (2) those with evidence of clonality by all parameters, or AIL (IBL, LgX)-like lymphomas; and (3) those that, due to any discordance among the three parameters, do not fit into either of the above categories, and for which the term AIL (IBL, LgX)-like dysplasias is proposed. This intermediate group seems to be composed of unstable lymphoproliferative conditions, in which a predominant component of normal cells coexists with clonal population(s) that may either disappear with time or selectively proliferate and develop into frank lymphoma.
Leukemia 1989 Jan
PMID:Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and related disorders: a retrospective look in search of definitions. 264 71

Circulating immune complexes composed of HBcAg and anti-HBc have been demonstrated recently in patients with hepatitis B virus replication. After dissociation of immune complexes by chaotropic ions, HBcAg was quantified radioimmunologically. In the present study, we describe 10 patients with hepatitis B virus replication, absent or delayed anti-HBc formation and exposed HBcAg in serum. Four of the 10 patients had acute hepatitis, and six patients had chronic persistent hepatitis. In seven of 10 patients, a secondary immune defect was apparent due to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, leukemia, histiocytosis X, sarcoidosis or end-stage renal disease. Electron microscopy demonstrated that Dane particles from anti-HBc-negative patients were agglutinated after addition of monoclonal anti-HBc antibodies, whereas Dane particles from anti-HBc-positive sera did not show agglutination. Monoclonal HBsAg-specific antibodies aggregated Dane particles independent of the presence of anti-HBc. Circulating HBcAg was always associated with the Dane particle fraction after density gradient separation. Hepatitis B virus core proteins from patients with and without anti-HBc studied by immunoblotting after sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis showed identical patterns. Hepatocytes from anti-HBc-negative patients were positive for HBcAg but negative for immunoglobulin G by immunofluorescence technique. The data indicate that HBcAg may also be expressed on the surface of Dane particles, where it is commonly masked by anti-HBc.
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PMID:HBcAg expressed on the surface of circulating Dane particles in patients with hepatitis B virus infection without evidence of anti-HBc formation. 274 30

A patient with sarcoidosis diagnosed 13 years previously developed chronic myelocytic leukaemia concomitantly with Yersinia enterocolitica septicaemia. A search in the literature yielded 4 cases of sarcoidosis associated with myeloblastic leukaemia. There is no well-founded theory that can account for this association.
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PMID:[Chronic myeloid leukemia during the development of sarcoidosis]. 316 91

Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) of adults is a clinical syndrome of unknown cause, and the histopathology of the nasolacrimal duct has not been substantially studied. A technique of excisional biopsy of the soft tissue contents within the nasolacrimal canal during external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is presented. No complications were associated with the biopsy technique in 14 cases. Two cases of lacrimal obstruction secondary to sarcoidosis and leukemia were discovered in biopsies of patients with the clinical syndrome of PANDO, demonstrating the value of routine biopsy during DCR. Biopsies revealed a spectrum of changes that correlated with duration of symptoms. Early cases revealed active chronic inflammation along the entire length of the narrowed nasolacrimal duct. Intermediate cases revealed focal resolution of the inflammatory process with fibrosis, while late cases showed fibrous obliteration of the entire duct. Although the first event in primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction remains uncertain, clinicopathologic correlation suggests that compression of the duct by inflammatory infiltrates and edema precedes clinical chronic dacryocystitis.
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PMID:Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. A clinicopathologic report and biopsy technique. 376 55

A disorder characterized by anemia and neutropenia due to impaired bone marrow function and a multisystem noncaseating granulomatous (NCG) disorder typical of sarcoidosis, culminated in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) in a patient after 6 years of observation. Linkage between the leukemia and sarcoidosis is suggested by a precedent case report, by the statistical remoteness of a fortuitous concurrence, by numerous reported instances of regional or systemic NCG accompanying a variety of malignancies, and by evidence of AML immunogenicity. It appears possible that the sarcoidosis in this patient represented a tissue reaction to the AML.
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PMID:Acute myeloblastic leukemia and sarcoidosis. Implications for pathogenesis. 385 67

Focal granulomatous giant cell reticulosis was observed in lymph nodes from treated cases of chronic lymphatic and chronic myeloid leukaemia. On the basis of clinical behaviour and histological appearance, it seems plausible that in the terminal phase of leukaemia non-neoplastic reactive reticulosis developed very similar in appearance to lymphogranulomatosis. The possible relationship between malignant lymph node tumours, Hodgkin's disease, and leukaemia is discussed. Repeated biopsies from leukaemic patients would perhaps permit of further clarification of this process.
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PMID:Granulomatous giant cell reticulosis associated with cases of treated leukaemia. 524 82


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