Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Survival rates were analysed for a population-based series of over 15,000 childhood cancers registered in Great Britain during 1971-85. There were highly significant improvements (P less than 0.001 for trend) in survival for many major diagnostic groups. Between 1971-73 and 1983-85 the actuarial 5-year survival rates increased from 37% to 70% for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, from 4% to 26% for acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia, from 76% to 88% for Hodgkin's disease, from 22% to 70% for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, from 61% to 72% for astrocytoma, from 24% to 42% for medulloblastoma, from 15% to 43% for neuroblastoma, from 58% to 79% for Wilms' tumour, from 17% to 54% for osteosarcoma, from 26% to 61% for rhabdomyosarcoma, from 59% to 94% for malignant testicular germ-cell tumours and from 43% to 77% for malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours. These increases in population-based survival rates reflect the substantial advances in treatment of a wide range of childhood cancers since 1970. The two principal diagnostic groups for which there was no evidence of any trend were retinoblastoma, which already had an excellent prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of over 85%, and Ewing's sarcoma, for which the survival rate remained below 45%.
 ...
PMID:Trends in survival for childhood cancer in Britain diagnosed 1971-85. 217 43

To develop effective interleukin-2 (IL-2) protocols for pediatric malignancies, it is important to define IL-2 pharmacokinetics in children. In a phase I trial, we studied IL-2 pharmacokinetics in seven children, aged 6-18, five with leukemia, one with neuroblastoma, and one with rhabdomyosarcoma. IL-2 was administered as a 15-min i.v. infusion of either 1 X 10(6) CU/m2/dose or 3 X 10(6) CU/m2/dose (every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for 3 weeks). IL-2 levels were determined using an IL-2-dependent murine T lymphocyte cell line bioassay. Peak IL-2 levels of 120-426 and 330-740 CU/ml were achieved after the lower and higher doses, respectively. Pediatric IL-2 kinetics resembled data reported for adults, fitting a two-compartment model (least-squares-regression technique), with an alpha half-life of 14.0 +/- 5.6 min (range, 6.3-23.1) and a beta half-life of 51.4 +/- 10.7 min (range, 33.0-66.0). The volume of distribution approximated total extracellular fluid (mean, 0.18 L/kg). Further clinical trials are needed to identify which pediatric malignancies are sensitive to immunotherapy and to establish the optimal treatment regimens.
 ...
PMID:Pharmacokinetics of recombinant interleukin-2 in children with malignancies: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. 225 63

Since May 1979, 47 patients with pediatric malignancy aged 1 to 18 years (median: 7) were treated with cryopreserved autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) in the department of pediatrics, National Cancer Center Hospital. The malignancies were acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (n = 8), acute lymphocytic leukemia (n = 5), osteosarcoma (n = 7), neuroblastoma (n = 6), brain tumor (n = 5), rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 4), retinoblastoma (n = 3), Ewing's sarcoma (n = 3), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 2), malignant histiocytosis (n = 1), hepatoblastoma (n = 1), malignant melanoma (n = 1) and malignant neuroepithelioma (n = 1). Conditioning regimens for solid tumors were multi-agent high-dose chemotherapy, mainly consisted of cyclophosphamide (CY) 120 mg/kg or melphalan 180mg/m2 and that for hematological malignancies were CY with fractionated total body irradiation (12 Gy). In vitro purging by 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide was performed in 12 leukemia patients and 5 solid tumor patients. Of the 13 patients with acute leukemia, 1 died from relapse 1 year after the unpurged marrow transplantation and 1 relapsed in the testis. Remaining 11 patients are alive in continuous complete remission with a median follow up of 30 months (range, 2 to 65 months) after transplantation. The disease-free survival rate of them was 78%. Of the 34 patients with solid tumor, 21 patients died, their cause of death were relapse in 18 and each one of infection, graft failure and brain hemorrhage. Thirteen patients are alive without disease with a median follow up of 28 months (range, 2 to 107 months) posttransplant. The longest survivor is a brain tumor girl, and there are 5 other long survivors; 2 of them are osteosarcoma and each one of rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma and malignant histiocytosis. The disease-free survival rate of total 34 solid tumor patients is 29%, but that of 17 patients who received ABMT in responsive and minimum tumor residue (MTR) period was 69%. These results suggest that autologous bone marrow transplantation is an effective and tolerable treatment for poor prognostic pediatric malignancies, especially for acute leukemia and such solid tumor as that in MTR state.
 ...
PMID:[Autologous bone marrow transplantation in pediatric cancer]. 226 Aug 67

The present study describes 11 cases (10 carcinomas, one rhabdomyosarcoma) in which immuno-alkaline phosphatase labelling with monoclonal antibodies was used to demonstrate metastatic cells in routine smears of aspirated bone marrow. Carcinoma cells were detected using antibodies against epithelial cytokeratins, milk fat globule membrane antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen, and rhabdomyosarcoma cells with monoclonal anti-desmin. In four of the carcinoma cases it had not been possible to identify malignant cells in routinely stained marrow smears, whilst the case of disseminated rhabdomyosarcoma had initially been diagnosed (and treated) as a case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The anti-cytokeratin antibody was found to be the most valuable of the anti-epithelial reagents used, since it labelled malignant cells in all of the 10 cases of carcinoma and gave the strongest reactions. These results suggest that immunocytochemical labelling should be used in cases of suspected carcinoma whenever conventional examination of marrow smears yields negative results, and furthermore (as illustrated by the case of rhabdomyosarcoma) that the technique is of value for identifying the true nature of poorly differentiated neoplasms in bone marrow.
 ...
PMID:Detection of metastatic tumour cells in routine bone marrow smears by immuno-alkaline phosphatase labelling with monoclonal antibodies. 241 78

Pericardial effusion (P.E.) has been described during the course of malignant neoplasms and leukemia, but in children its frequency is not well-known. It is possible by echocardiography to identify very small P.E. M-mode echocardiograms were performed for periodic evaluation of the patients treated by antraciclinic drugs and when P.E. was suspected by the physical examination, chest roentgenogram and electrocardiographic data. A total of 265 echocardiograms were performed in 210 children with malignant neoplasms and leukemia from 1981 to 1985 and 12 cases (5.7%) of P.E. were identified: 7 affected by acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL), 3 Rhabdomyosarcoma, 1 by Wilm's tumor and 1 by Ewing's sarcoma. In all patients was carried out and Ecg, and a chest roentgenogram was performed to evaluate cardiac shadow. Hemoglobin, serum protein and VES values were evaluated to control, respectively, anemia, dysprotidemia and flogistic condition. Pericardiocentesis was played when clinical findings indeed. P.E. was identified in 6 out all cases, 4 affected by ALL and 2 by Rhabdomyosarcoma, during the first clinical approach. Two cases, both affected by ALL, showed large P.E., x-ray enlarged cardiac shadow and typical electrocardiographic findings. The disappearance of the P.E., resulted few days after the beginnings of antiblastic therapy. Four cases were in maintenance therapy: 2 affected by ALL, 1 Ewing's sarcoma and 1 by Rhabdomyosarcoma. The last two showed very large P.E. and pericardiocentesis was necessary: only in patient with rhabdomyosarcoma fluid containing malignant cells was yielded, and reproducing itself one day after.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Pericardial effusion in neoplasms and malignant hemopathies in children. Study of 12 cases and pathogenetic considerations]. 282 17

Developments in the treatment of childhood cancer have been evaluated in patients who had been treated in the National Children's Hospital from 1965 to 1987. The total number of patients was 867, of which leukemia accounted for 376, malignant lymphoma 61, neuroblastoma 174, Wilms' tumor 55, yolk sac tumor 29, rhabdomyosarcoma 36 and hepatoblastoma 30. Patients were divided into three time intervals: the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. A marked improvement in five-year survival was recognized in Wilms' tumor and yolk sac tumor, amounting to 80%, followed by rhabdomyosarcoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant lymphoma. There was no improvement in patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia, neuroblastoma and hepatoblastoma. Prognostic factors for neuroblastoma were further analyzed, and the age of onset and stage of disease were found to have remained constant for 23 years. Factors relating to the improvement of survival were discussed.
 ...
PMID:Improvement in the treatment of childhood cancer: analysis of survival data from the National Children's Hospital (1965-1987). 284 93

We describe the molecular cloning of an anemogenic feline leukemia virus (FeLV), FeLV-C-Sarma, from the productively infected human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line RD(FeLV-C-S). Molecularly cloned FeLV-C-S proviral DNA yielded infectious virus (mcFeLV-C-S) after transfection of mammalian cells, and virus interference studies using transfection-derived virus demonstrated that our clone encodes FeLV belonging to the C subgroup. mcFeLV-C-S did not induce viremia in eight 8-week-old outbred specific-pathogen-free (SPF) cats. It did, however, induce viremia and a rapid, fatal aplastic anemia due to profound suppression of erythroid stem cell growth in 9 of 10 inoculated newborn, SPF cats within 3 to 8 weeks (21 to 58 days) postinoculation. Thus, the genome of mcFeLV-C-S encodes the determinants responsible for the genetically dominant induction of irreversible erythroid aplasia in outbred cats. A potential clue to the pathogenic determinants of this virus comes from previous work indicating that all FeLV isolates belonging to the C subgroup, an envelop-gene-determined property, and only those belonging to the C subgroup, are potent, consistent inducers of aplastic anemia in cats. To approach the molecular mechanism underlying the induction of this disease, we first determined the nucleotide sequence of the envelope genes and 3' long terminal repeat of FeLV-C-S and compared it with that of FeLV-B-Gardner-Arnstein (mcFeLV-B-GA), a subgroup-B feline leukemia virus that consistently induces a different disease, myelodysplastic anemia, in neonatal SPF cats. Our analysis revealed that the p15E genes and long terminal repeats of the two FeLV strains are highly homologous, whereas there are major differences in the gp70 proteins, including five regions of significant amino acid differences and apparent sequence substitution. Some of these changes are also reflected in predicted glycosylation sites; the gp70 protein of FeLV-B-GA has 11 potential glycosylation sites, only 8 of which are present in FeLV-C-S.
 ...
PMID:Molecular analysis and pathogenesis of the feline aplastic anemia retrovirus, feline leukemia virus C-Sarma. 301 87

Hypercalcemia, often associated with certain types of adult tumors, has also been described in pediatric neoplasms. In childhood, the more common associations include lymphoma, leukemia, rhabdomyosarcoma and rarely neuroblastoma. However, recently, several infants with hypercalcemia were described having renal tumors without bone metastases. The following is a case report of a 2-month-old infant who presented with severe hypercalcemia and a large right-sided abdominal mass, which at surgery was diagnosed as a cellular mesoblastic nephroma.
 ...
PMID:Hypercalcemia in association with mesoblastic nephroma: report of a case and review of the literature. 302 25

Neural tumors, Wilms' tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma and several types of leukemia have been previously described in association with neurofibromatosis (NF). In a nation-wide collection of cases in Italy, 15 children (0-14 years of age) with NF and cancer or leukemia were identified; 13 of them had been diagnosed with cancer between 1976-83. The expected number of children with cancer and NF in 1976-83 was 4.48. The distribution of tumor types was different from that found in the general population, with a higher proportion of tumors of neural crest origin as well as soft tissue sarcomas. In 7/15 the family history was positive for NF; in 5/7 the individuals affected included the mother and/or a maternal relative.
 ...
PMID:Neurofibromatosis and malignant childhood cancers: a survey in Italy, 1970-83. 311 Oct 44

Between 1977 and 1984 the proportion of children with malignant disease in Britain initially referred to specialist paediatric oncology centres increased from 44% to 71%. The percentage varied considerably with type of disease and region of residence. Children with acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Ewing's tumour, rhabdomyosarcoma, and (during 1981-84) osteosarcoma treated at paediatric oncology centres had significantly higher survival rates than those treated elsewhere. Children with cancer should be referred to specialist centres so that they may benefit as early as possible from the latest advances in treatment.
 ...
PMID:Centralisation of treatment and survival rates for cancer. 316 61


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>