Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sera from normal (C57BL/6XC3H/Anf)F1(B6C3F1) mice reacted with several biologically distinct murine leukemia virus(es) (MuLV) by radioimmune precipitation assays with the use of purified tritiated leucine-labeled virus. The reactivities of this natural antibody to viral envelope antigens of two laboratory strains (Rauscher and Moloney) and two endogenous mouse C-type viruses (AKR and BALB:virus-2) were further analyzed and compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Similar patterns of antibody reactivities to AKR MuLV and the two member viruses of the Friend-Moloney-Rauscher group were found. Three major antigenic determinants of the virus envelope, gp71, gp43, and p15, were recognized by and precipitated natural antibody. In all viruses examined, normal B6C3F1 sera precipitated comparable amounts of gp71 and gp43. However, compared with the other viruses, the amount of p15 (relative to the glycoproteins) precipitating from BALB:virus-2 was significantly lower. This appears to be due to a lesser amount of p15 on the xenotropic virus. While heterologous antisera to purified gp71 and p15 of MuLV reacted to a certain degree with rhabdomyosarcoma virus 114 and rat leukemia virus, natural mouse antibody did not. These results suggest that MuLV have common antigenic determinants recognized by natural antibody, and that the reactivities of natural antibody in an autogenous immune response are restrictive in contrast to immune antibody produced in a heterologous host.
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PMID:Autogenous immunity to endogenous RNA tumor virus: reactivity of natural immune sera to antigenic determinants of several biologically distinct murine leukemia viruses. 5 18

A new retravirus (SMRV) isolated from a squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus, has an Mg2+-dependen reverse transcriptase and a buoyant density of 1.17 g/cm3 in sucrose and 1.21 g/cm3 in cesium chloride, similar to the mouse mammary tumor virus and the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. The polypeptide patter of SMRV as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was distinct from the reported polypeptide patterns of known retraviruses. Four major polypeptides of molecular weights 40,000, 20,000, 14,000 and 8,000 were resolved in virus propagated in human, mink, and canine cells. In A204 human rhabdomyosarcoma cells, a protein of 73,000 daltons (gp73) represented the major viral glycoprotein as determined by [3H]glucosamine labeling. Additional proteins were also observed, but their presence depended on the cell type in which the virus was propagated. In both species-and interspecies-specific assays, no antigenic relatedness was observed between SMRV and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, mouse mammary tumor virus, baboon endogenous virus (BaLV), woolly monkey virus (SSV-1), murine leukemia virus, endogenous feline type C virus (RD-114), bovine leukemia virus, and equine infectious anemia virus. These findings indicate that SMRV represents a new retravirus and the first isolate from a New World monkey.
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PMID:Characterization of a retravirus isolated from squirrel monkeys. 6 28

An RNA-direct DNA polymerase was purified from human melanoma tissue by successive column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose (DE-23 and DE-52) and phosphocellulose. The purified reverse transcriptase has a mol. wt. of 68,000, a pH optimum of 8.0, a Mn2+ optimum of 0.6 mM, and a KCl optimum of 60 mM. The purified enzyme transcribes (rA)n - (dT)12, (rC)n - (dG)18, (Ome-rC)n - (dG)18 and a 70s RNA from Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV), but failed to transcribe (dA)n - (dT)12. This enzyme has no terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity. Serological studies have shown that the reverse transcriptase from human melanoma tissue is antigenically not related to DNA polymerases from Simian sarcoma virus (SiSV), Avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), RLV, and human spleen of a patient with myelofibrosis. The purified enzyme showed a close antigenic resemblance to DNA polymerases from baboon endogenous virus (BEV) and rhabdomyosarcoma virus (RD-114), the endogenous virus of the cat.
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PMID:Biochemical and immunological characterization of a reverse transcriptase from human melanoma tissue. 8 88

104 patients with various cancer, excluding malignant lymphoma and leukemia, underwent bone marrow biopsy using a Jamshidi needle, regular type. In 100 patients an adequate pice of bone marrow was obtained. In 24 patients metastases were detected in the bone marrow. Metastases were found in 10 of 38 (26.3%) patients with breast cancer, in 5 of 17 (29.4%) patients with lung cancer, in 5 of 10 (50%) patients with cancer of the prostate, in 1 patient with rhabdomyosarcoma, 1 with chordoma and in 2 of 14 patients who underwent biopsy in search of unknown cancer. 71% of the patients with positive findings in the bone marrow had clinical signs of bone involvement, 80% had positive X-ray film and 78.9% had positive skeletal isotope survey. Hemogram, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium level and sedimentation rate were of no value in predicting whether the marrow was involved or not. No complications were documented following biopsy. The use of the Jamshidi bone marrow biopsy needle for staging and early detection of metastases in a select group cancer patients is suggested.
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PMID:Bone marrow biopsy in patients with malignant neoplasms other than lymphomas or leukemia. 11 9

A human lung and an amnion cell line were identified as highly susceptible to transformation by the rhabdomyosarcoma-114 (RD-114) virus pseudotype of murine sarcoma virus (MSV). MSV transformation on these two cell lines demonstrated a) "one-hit" kinetics with an MSV stock which contained a 100-fold excess of MSV over its detectable associate RD-114 helper virus and b) only a slight increase (2X) in focus-forming titers by the addition of optimal concentrations of RD-114 helper virus. These findings indicated that the primary MSV interaction with those amnion and lung cells was that of non-productive transformation; and this was confirmed by the isolation of sarcoma-positive leukemia (helper) virus-negative (S+Lminus) cells from cloned terminal foci of MSV transformed human amnion and lung cells. These MSV-susceptible human cell lines are the first human cells identified as capable of demonstrating the defective nature of MSV. Human candidate oncornaviruses have not, however, been detected to date with the use of normal lung and amnion cells and their S+Lminus derivatives as indicator systems. These cell lines were useful for the isolation and identification of a new RD-114-like virus from a cat cell line.
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PMID:Human amnion and lung tissue culture systems for possible detection and study of human RNA tumor viruses. 16 18

The complement-fixation-inhibition (CFI) test was evaluated as a means of detecting humoral antibodies in cat sera and in human sera to mammalian C-type RNA virus interspecies antigen(s). CFI antibody titers of greater than or equal 1:2 were detected in sera from all tumor bearing (23) and normal cats (23), however, sera from most germ free cats were negative. When the same cat sera were tested for blocking antibody by the paired radioiodine labeled antibody technique the correlation between the radioimmune assay and CFI tests was 85%. Sera from 378 cancer patients and 193 normal people were tested for antibodies to the mammalian oncornavirus interspecies-specific antigen in the CFI test. This test used a rabbit antiserum prepared toward a purified feline leukemia virus (FeLV) interspecies antigen. Disrupted Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RLV) was used as source of interspecies antigen in the CFI test. A significantly (P=0.01) higher number of reactions occurred with sera from patients with lymphosarcoma (70.4%), osteosarcoma (41.0%), reticulum cell sarcoma (56.7%), and rhabdomyosarcoma (31.8%) as opposed to sera from normal individuals (6.2%). Of 51 sera from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia 23.5% (P=0.05) were reactive. Of the sera from 88 breast cancer patients 22.7% reacted, as opposed to 7.8% of 116 normal females and 13.9% of 43 patients with benign breast disease. CFI antibody titers were shown to be dependent on RLV antigen concentration. Absorption with human A and B red blood cell (RBC) and Forssman antigen did not reduce the CFI titers in human sera whereas absorption with RLV reduced them significantly. By indirect radioimmunoelectrophoresis the antibody in selected human sera was shown to be an IgG.
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PMID:Complement-fixation-inhibition as a test for antibodies in cats and humans to C-type RNA tumor virus antigen. 16 19

Studies of murine leukemia virus expression in AKR mice are presented. Material from in vivo and in vitro sources of normal tissues and lymphomas was assayed for in vitro infectivity, using the XC plaque assay, and for oncogenicity, by assessing lymphoma-accelerating capacity after inoculation into newborn animals. Normal tissues from healthy young AKR mice up to 7 months of age were found to have XC but not oncogenic activity. XC activity persisted, and weak oncogenic activity appeared in older mice. Cocultivation of normal young cells with NIH Swiss mouse embryo cells did not result in the appearance of oncogenic activity, although XC virus increased in titer. A cell-free filtrate of a virus-accelerated lymphoma was studied for host range. Virus as measured by polymerase and gs antigen was found to be propagated on NIH Swiss mouse embryo and wild mouse embryo cells, but not on human rhabdomyosarcoma, normal rat kidney, rabbit corneal, and BALB/c embryo cells. Virus as measured by the XC assay grew better on NIH Swiss mouse than on BALB/c embryo cells. Both of these cell lines propagated virus as measured by the oncogenicity assay. Supernatants from an in vitro cell line from a virus-accelerated lymphoma did not produce XC plaques but were oncogenic. Those from two cell lines of spontaneous lymphomas were negative with both assays. Cultivation of supernatants from these cultured lymphoma cells with NIH Swiss mouse embryo cells resulted in material which produced small plaques on the XC assay. These findings are interpreted as showing the presence of two viruses in AKR mice. One is XC positive and present throughout life. The other is oncogenic, appears later in life, and could be a separate virus or a variant of the first one.
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PMID:A discrepancy in XC and oncogenicity assays for murine leukemia virus in AKR mice. 18 12

VP-16-213, a semisynthetic podophyliotoxin, was tested for antitumor and clinical toxicity in 126 children. The drug was administered iv daily x 5 days every 2 weeks at a starting dose of 75 mg/m2/day. The dose was increased by 25 mg/m2/day/course until clinical response or significant toxicity occurred. The only major toxicity was hematologic, with neutropenia as the most predominant feature. There was one local allergic reaction at the site of injection. No systemic allergic responses were reported. The drug demonstrated significant activity in acute myelomonocytic leukemia with four responses among 19 patients, less activity in acute myelocytic leukemia with two responses among 44 patients, and little activity in acute lymphocytic leukemia with only one partial response among 12 patients. Objective partial responses occurred in ten of 48 patients with solid tumors: two each with Wilms' tumor, lymphoma, and histiocytosis X, and one each with rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. The inclusion of VP-16-213 in combination chemotherapy for childhood acute myelomonocytic leukemia and acute myelocytic leukemia appears indicated in patients relapsing after initial therapy. For solid tumors this is an interim report, with further patient accrual required before specific comments can be made.
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PMID:Phase II study of VP-16-213 in childhood malignant disease: a Children's Cancer Study Group Report. 29 6

One boy, given radiotherapy and cytostatic drugs for a rhabdomyosarcoma died nine years later of acute leukaemia. A girl, who had received radiotherapy for an inoperable suprasellar tumour and also given cytostatic drugs, fell ill seven years later with a glioblastoma. Among a total of 750 children with malignant neoplasm observed by the authors, a permanent cure rate of about 50% is to be expected among about 300 children treated recently. If this rate applies to the entire Federal Republic of Germany, about 1,000 children are likely to be cured annually. In these circumstances it is likely that 80-160 children treated in any one year will develop a second neoplasm or leukaemia 20 years later, most commonly as a late sequela of the treatment.
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PMID:[Risk of a second malignant neoplasm after successful treatment of a malignant tumour in children (author's transl)]. 45 71

A 14-year-old boy receiving post-operative cytotoxic chemotherapy for a testicular rhabdomyosarcoma developed a fatal encephalopathy associated with retinal changes 2 months after an episode of acute measles. Post-mortem histological examination showed intranuclear inclusion bodies in the neurons and glial cells, but inflammatory cell infiltrations were absent. Electron-microscopic and immunofluorescent studies revealed intracellular masses of paramyxovirus nucleocapsid-like structures, which had the morphological and antigenic properties of measles virus. Recent reports have emphasized the possibility of occurrence of a similar encephalopathy in treated childhood leukemia. It is evident, however, that this potentially fatal complication must be borne in mind when measles is contracted during any form of cytotoxic treatment or immunosuppression. Retinal changes may be of value for the diagnosis during life. We propose the designation "measles encephalopathy during immunosuppression" (MEI) for this condition.
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PMID:Fatal measles encephalopathy with retinopathy during cytotoxic chemotherapy. 88 58


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