Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Considerable evidence documents the importance of co-factors, including the immune response, in expression of oncogenicity of tumour viruses. To determine whether a common protozoal infection that can depress lymphocyte function alters manifestations of oncogenic virus infection, a mouse model of Toxoplasma infection with depressed T lymphocyte function was developed. In this model, Toxoplasma depressed blastogenic transformation to the T-cell mitogen Concanavalin A and primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells which requires T cell help. Uninfected and Toxoplasma-infected mice were then infected with Moloney leukaemia or Moloney sarcoma viruses and development of lymphoma and sarcoma were evaluated. Toxoplasma infection, which induced depression of T-cell function, decreased the incidence of Moloney sarcoma virus induced rhabdomyosarcomas but did not alter progression or regression of tumour in those mice that developed tumour. Conjoint infection with Toxoplasma and Moloney leukaemia virus did not increase incidence of lymphoma when compared with incidence of lymphoma in mice infected with Moloney leukaemia virus alone.
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PMID:Influence of Toxoplasma on manifestations of Moloney virus infections. 293 10

Visceral leishmaniasis is a rare but potentially life threatening opportunistic protozoan infection in immunocompromised patients. The clinical manifestations in these patients are unusual and the diagnosis is difficult. They need prolonged treatment and are liable to have relapses. Here we report three patients with haematological malignancy (one with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, one with chronic myeloid leukaemia, and one with myelodysplastic syndrome) complicated with visceral leishmaniasis. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and outcome are discussed.
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PMID:Visceral leishmaniasis: an opportunistic infection in haematological malignancy. 1043 69

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection is associated with distinct neoplastic, hematologic, and immunosuppressive diseases. Here we report on a novel neurologic syndrome in 16 cats infected with FeLV for more than 2 years. Clinical signs consisted of abnormal vocalization, hyperesthesia, and paresis progressing to paralysis. The clinical course of affected cats involved gradually progressive neurologic dysfunction invariably resulting in euthanasia. Microscopically, white-matter degeneration with dilation of myelin sheaths and swollen axons was identified in the spinal cord and brain stem of affected animals. Neither neoplastic nor hematologic diseases commonly associated with FeLV infection were present. Fungal and protozoal infection in one animal was suggestive of impaired immune competence. Immunohistochemical staining of affected tissues revealed consistent expression of FeLV p27 antigens in neurons, endothelial cells, and glial cells. Furthermore, proviral DNA was amplified from multiple sections of spinal cord as well as intestine, spleen, and lymph nodes. These findings suggest that in a proportion of chronically FeLV-infected cats, a virus evolved with cytopathic potential for cells in the central nervous system.
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PMID:Feline leukemia virus-associated myelopathy in cats. 1224 63

Toxoplasmosis is a rare opportunistic protozoal infection, which may occur in patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This disease originates almost exclusively from reactivation of latent infection in seropositive recipients. We present a case report of one patient with diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia undergoing two allogeneic stem cell transplantations at two years interval. The second transplantation was complicated by the development of the toxoplasmic encephalitis in early posttransplant course. The initial neurological symptoms included diplopia caused by the paresis of right side motor branches of the 3rd and 6th cranial nerves due to a compressive lesion in basal ganglia. Patient suddenly deteriorated after an epileptic seizure followed by a loss of consciousness, bilateral ptosis and right side mydriasis. Prolonged sopor and bilateral mydriasis appeared because of the further lesion progression in basal ganglia and compression of the 3rd cranial nerve. After targeted therapy of Toxoplasma gondii the patient's clinical status improved and she regained consciousness. Unfortunately, examination of bone marrow later revealed the relapse of leukemia. We compared risk factors of the latent reactivation of infection in immunocompromised patients with published data. It is of interest that the toxoplasmosis of the brain developed in this patient after the second transplantation.
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PMID:[Toxoplasmosis of the central nervous systems after allogeneic stem cell transplantation]. 2051 52

In Kuwait, stray cats were surveyed for enteric protozoan infection using fecal examination and their sera were tested for Toxoplasma gondii IgG using indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT) as well as for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) antibodies and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) antibodies using ELISA. Out of 240 fecal samples examined 22 (9.2%) were found to be infected with oocysts of four species of coccidian protozoa. Isopspora felis was the most predominant enteric protozoan parasite (7.1%), followed by T. gondii (2.1%), I. rivolta (1.6), Sarcocystis was only found in one case (0.4%). Juvenile cats ( 6 months old) had higher infection rate with oocyst of enteric protozoa than older cats (p-value 0.001). Sero-survey of 240 stray cats revealed that 19.6% were positive to T. gondii IgG. Toxoplasma sero-positivity was observed in higher number of adults compared to young cats suggests that with age the risk of exposure to T. gondii increases. While concurrent retroviral infections were not found to be associated with increased risk for developing T. gondii antibodies.
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PMID:Enteric protozoan parasites in stray cats in Kuwait with special references to toxoplasmosis and risk factors affecting its occurrence. 2426 Aug 9