Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Juliusz Lempert was born in 1890 in Poland. A few years later the poor Jewish family emigrated to the United States. Lempert obtained his MD degree at Long Island Medical College, and soon after that established a small hospital of his own in Manhattan. Later he bought an old five-storey building and converted it into a new otological medical center, which he called Endaural Hospital. His life was rather difficult with the wave of antisemitism in the United States and the adversity which he encountered so many times. However his contribution to the microsurgical treatment of conductive deafness is immense. He elaborated and introduced a new method of mastoidectomy and, first of all, fenestration--a new one-stage surgical technique to be applied in cases of otosclerosis. This precise, sophisticated operation revolutionized surgical treatment. With a dentist's drill Lempert created a new window on the horizontal canal, in this way the sound wave could stimulate the inner ear. He was to call it "fenestration nov-ovalis". Lempert was never a member of any ENT society and worked in his hospital alone. When suddenly his only son was stricken with leukemia and died, Lempert was completely broken, and never returned to this work. The next blows were new operative methods of otosclerosis: stapes mobilisation introduced by Rosen and stapedectomy by Shea. He never accepted these new techniques. It was a painful experience for a surgical genius who had at so many times been hurt during his life. He could not believe that his fenestration was definitely gone. Lempert quickly deteriorated physically and mentally, and died in 1958.
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PMID:[Juliusz Lempert (1890-1959): the author of the fenestration technique]. 976 Jul 79

Although the incidence of classic Kaposi's sarcoma (CKS) has been investigated, its occurrence following a primary neoplasm and its association with this first neoplasm need to be determined. We analyzed a series of 124 patients with a secondary CKS (8.4% of a total of 1485 incident cases) which occurred between 1961 and 1992 in the Jewish Israeli population. Data on first neoplasms and subsequent Kaposi's sarcoma were retrieved from the Israel Cancer Registry. Acquired-immune-deficiency-syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcomas were excluded from the case series. Four controls were randomly selected for each CKS case among all Cancer Registry cases free from a second neoplasm at the time of diagnosis of the CKS in the case, and matched on gender, year of birth and year of diagnosis of the first neoplasm. The average time lapse between first neoplasm and secondary CKS was 4.5 years, being shorter for prostate cancer and for hematopoietic malignancies. As compared with Israel-born Jews, the risk of a subsequent CKS was significantly increased in immigrants [odds ratio (OR) 3.0]; this risk was particularly high in immigrants from the former Soviet Union (OR 9.4) and Poland (OR 7.0). There was no clear trend with age at immigration; however, low age at immigration and a short length of stay in Israel endowed a higher risk of developing a secondary CKS, markedly among patients suffering from solid tumors as the first primary. There was an excess of secondary CKS following a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (OR 5.3), a Hodgkin's lymphoma (OR 7.5), a leukemia (OR 5.3) or a breast cancer (OR 2.2). Cancer patients with a first primary in the lung, colon, stomach, larynx, liver, pancreas or kidney showed secondary CKS less frequently. Despite the lack of control of therapy for the first neoplasm, development of secondary CKS seems to be mediated by mechanisms similar to those for hematopoietic neoplasms and selected nonhematopoietic neoplasms, such as breast cancer. The trend toward increased risk after a short time lapse and the difference in risk among immigrants indicate that genetic susceptibility is part of the complex interplay between cellular proliferation and control systems.
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PMID:Classic Kaposi's sarcoma as a second primary neoplasm. 993 96

There are about 1400 new cases of cancer and almost 600 deaths from cancer a year in children and youth aged between 0-19 in Poland. Leukaemias and lymphomas comprise 37.8% of the total number of cases and 43.3% of the total number of deaths from cancer. The National Cancer Registry is the unique data source of the incidence of cancer as well as further health information in particular the fact of death. In this research, pioneer attempt of using Registry data to conduct survival analysis in children and youth with leukaemias and lymphomas has been undertaken. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves methods were used. Organizational and clinical conclusions have been formulated. Organizational conclusions concern mainly the principles of conducting the Registry namely introducing of International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) and extending the period of observation from 2 to 5 years. The leading clinical conclusions are: lack of improvement in prognosis in the 6 years period from 1990 to 1995 and crucial importance of early diagnosis of oncological disease for survival time. Further clinical conclusions concerning the impact of treatment cannot be made on the basis of the Registry data.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the possibility of using the National Cancer Registry for survival analysis of children and youth with selected malignancies--leukemias and lymphomas during 1990-1995 in Poland]. 1091 Jun 80

Poland fs syndrome is characterized by a congenital defect of the pectoralis major associated with various types of anomalies of the ipsilateral upper extremity. Furthermore, there have been reports of Poland fs syndrome associated with malignancies such as leukemia, malignant lymphoma, and leiomyosarcoma. We describe two cases of Poland fs syndrome associated with breast cancer. The first patient developed right breast cancer associated with ipsilateral breast hypoplasia, defects of the pectoralis major and minor, and syndactyly. She underwent mastectomy and dissection of the axillary nodes. The second patient had left breast cancer associated with ipsilateral breast hypoplasia, defects of the pectoralis major and minor, and syndactyly. She underwent breast-conserving surgery and dissection of the axillary nodes without irradiation of the breast. Both patients are currently alive and free of disease. Although previously there has been no evidence that links Poland fs syndrome and breast cancer, elucidating the molecularmechanism that causes Poland fs syndrome may further clarify the relationship between Poland fs syndrome and malignancies.
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PMID:Breast Cancer in Two Patients with Poland's Syndrome. 1109 4

We describe 4 cases of non-Hodkin's lymphomas that were interesting because of their curiosal clinical courses and spontaneous complete remissions during the course of high malignancy lymphoma. We present three of them for the first time in Poland. Case 1: a 61-year old woman was admitted to the hospital because of the headache, lasting for 4 months before hospitalization and right hemiparesis. CT scans revealed the presence of tumor in the temporo-occipital region. The diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma was established at histopathological examination of the postoperative material. Co60--therapy of these region was applied after the operation with good response. Case 2: a 38-year woman was admitted to the hospital because of L5-S1 spondylolisthesis to operate it. During the hospitalization haemolytic anaemia of unknown origin, thrombocytopoenia, splenomegaly, fever and rising acute insufficiency of kidneys, heart, liver and CNS were occurred. The patient died, despite applying corticosteroidotherapy. The diagnosis of intravascular lymphoma was established at postmortem examination. Case 3: a 51-year old woman was admitted to the hospital with diagnosis: anaplastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma B-cell type high malignancy established after the double histopathological examination of lymph nodes and biopsy of the lung. At the admission to the Department of Haematology we stated absolute regression of these changes. The patient had been only observed in the Outpatient Department over 1 year. She died after 6 months since the beginning of the relapse despite intensive chemotherapy. Case 4: a 43-year old man was admitted to the hospital because of great hyperleukocytosis, hepatosplenomegaly and neurological symptoms. The diagnosis: chronic prolymphocytic leukaemia was established. The cerebrospinal fluid examination showed presence of mononuclears which infiltrated CNS. CT scans of the brain revealed leucaemic infiltrations of the hemispheres and cerebellum. The patient died despite intensive therapy due to rising progressive multiorgan failure.
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PMID:[Unusual cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas--case reports]. 1123 49

The study aimed at assessing cancer risk in a cohort of workers employed in the rubber tire production. The cohort consisted of 17,747 workers (11,660 men and 6087 women) employed in a rubber tire plant for at least three months during the years 1950-1995. The cohort follow-up was completed on December 31, 1995. Deaths by causes were analyzed using standardized mortality ratio (SMR) calculated by the person-years method. The mortality pattern of the general population of Poland was used as the reference. The study indicated significantly lower total mortality in the cohort (men: SMR = 72; women: SMR = 62) as compared to the general population, which is an example of a well known "healthy worker effect". The number of deaths from malignant neoplasms was also lower than expected (men: SMR = 67; women: SMR = 64). Only in a very small sub-cohort of men involved in dosing and mixing of raw material for the production of rubber, an excess of total mortality (SMR = 104) and from all cancers (SMR = 115) was found. Mortality from all neoplasms was enhanced (SMR = 108) in the sub-cohort of women employed in the technical service work area. When analyzing individual cancer sites in men of the whole cohort or sub-cohorts, the observed number of deaths from cancers of the lip, tongue, pharynx, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, peritoneum, articular cartilage, connective tissue, skin, testis, prostate, bladder, kidney, brain, as well as from Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma and leukemia was larger than the expected number. Among women the excess mortality was due to cancers of the large myeloma and leukemia. The SMR calculated for these sites were statistically insignificant. The cohort under study was "young" and thus relatively small numbers of deaths were recorded. The excess mortality, based quite frequently on single cases of selected cancer sites, cannot be regarded as a basis for final conclusions. Nevertheless, the fact that these observations are in agreement with the findings of other authors who carried out studies in the rubber industry of other countries justifies the need to follow-up this cohort in the future.
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PMID:Cancer mortality in rubber tire workers in Poland. 1154 60

Cancer has long been known to be a hazard of exposure to ionizing radiation. However, the assessment of health effects from exposure to radiation is a matter of considerable controversy. This paper presents results of a retrospective study of leukemia incidence (203-207, ICD-9) around the highest 137Cs pollution in Poland (as an effect of the Czarnobyl disaster and/or military bomb tests). The data relating to all the registered leukemias in males and females originated from the Regional Cancer Registry in Opole. The information on 137Cs concentration rates in Opole province was derived from the state monitoring provided by the Polish Geological Institute in Warsaw. The spatial analysis--based on the random-effects Poisson regression model--was carried out via the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique (Gibbs sampling) using BUGS software. The model incorporated epidemiological data and an ecological covariate--isotope concentrations--and provided a framework for estimating the strength of a dose-response relationship. The differences in incidence levels were quantified by traditional standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) and presented in thematic maps as well as in combined charts of distance-disease-dose relations. Additionally, to assess spatial disease clustering, a Tango test was adopted. The results of this ecological study suggest that the 137Cs concentrations did not have any negative influence on the exposed population.
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PMID:An ecological analysis of leukemia incidence around the highest 137Cs concentration in Poland. 1155 13

Sixty children with MDS treated in six centres of the Polish Paediatric Leukaemia/Lymphoma Study Group in the period 1975-1999 were included in the study. In 20 children RAEB-T, in 13 RA, in 21 RAEB and in 6 CMML were diagnosed. Our own and literature data showed that BMT is the best therapy for children with MDS. We need a new comprehensive protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of children with MDS in Poland.
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PMID:[Results of the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)obtained by the Polish Paediatric Leukaemia /Lymphoma Study Group]. 1202 66

Poland's syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by unilateral chest wall hypoplasia and ipsilateral hand abnormalities. Literary data suggest its sporadic nature. The prevailing theory of its cause is hypoplasia of the subclavian artery or its branches, which may lead to a range of developmental changes. The incidence of Poland's syndrome varies between groups (male versus female patients, congenital versus familial cases, and so on) and ranges from 1 in 7,000 to 1 in 100,000 live births. Cases of Poland's syndrome associated with leukemia, carcinoma of the hypoplastic breast, and other conditions, confirm the relationship between developmental defects and tumors, and require oncologic awareness. Various manifestations, age, and gender require different surgical approaches. Our experience, which includes 27 patients (15 male, 12 female), 20 of whom (12 male, 8 female) underwent operation, suggests that the repair should be done in two stages in children and in a single stage in adults. Reconstruction and/or stabilization of the aplastic ribs may be achieved using bone grafts or prosthetic mesh. Muscle flaps and breast implants may be used to correct muscle deficiency and breast hypoplasia and to help achieve a complete cosmetic repair.
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PMID:Poland's syndrome revisited. 1264 35

The cytotoxicity of two nitroheterocyclic compounds (NHCD), Nitracrine, 1-nitro-9(3'3'-dimethylaminopropylamino) acridine (Polfa, Poland) and Quinifuryl, 2-(5'-nitro-2'-furanyl) ethenyl-4-[N-[4-(N,N-diethylamino)-1'-methylbutyl] carbamoyl] quinoline (Dr. N. M. Sukhova, Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvian Republic), towards two lines of leukaemic cells and a line of non-transformed cells, was determined under normoxia conditions. Although both drugs showed significant cytotoxicity to all cell lines (LC(50) for 24h, < or = 2 microM) with that of Nitracrine exceeding Quinifuryl, their toxicity towards murine leukaemia P388 was substantially higher, compared to murine fibroblasts NIH3T3. In addition, the rate of cell death was also two- to three-fold higher in case of P388 cells versus NIH3T3. Interestingly, human erythroleukaemia K562 cells were shown to uptake the drugs 10 min after their addition to the tissue culture medium, while the LC(50) values were reached after a substantial delay of 3h. This delay might be due to the intracellular transformation of drugs required for cell killing.
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PMID:Comparison of the cytotoxicity of two nitroheterocyclic drugs (NHCD) towards transformed and non-transformed cells. 1290 7


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