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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical, hemodynamic and radiologic signs of pericardial effusion are reviewed. From the symptomatic point of view low pressure (lax) pericardial effusion and compressive effusion (tamponade) are to be distinguished. Echocardiography is today the preferred method for study of patients with suspected pericardial effusion. This technique also provides insight into ventricular performance and is therefore helpful in the differential diagnosis of cardiomegaly due to pericardial effusion, heart failure or both. In our material uremic pericarditis, malignant tumors and leukemia were the predominant causes of pericardial effusion.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pericardial effusion]. 13 71

An unusual case of granulocytic sarcoma presenting in a pericardial effusion following trauma and preceding acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) by 8 months is presented. Five additional cases of granulocytic sarcoma preceding leukemia collected by the author are also tabulated. Granulocytic sarcoma in a nonautopsy population of myelogenous leukemic patients was found to be 2.9%. When presenting in an extramedullary site, especially preceding peripheral blood and bone marrow manifestations of leukemia, a misdiagnosis of histiocytic lymphoma may result. In questionable cases, other techniques including the naphthol-ASD-chloroacetate stain, touch imprints, immunoperoxidase stain for lysozyme, and electron microscopy should be utilized. Although only a small series, the most recent cases have shown induction/remission and survival characteristics of AML patients without granulocytic sarcoma.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma preceding acute leukemia: a report of six cases. 38 64

Monoclonal gammopathy of type IgG-lambda (IgG concentration 27.8 g/l) was discovered by chance in a 66-year-old woman with aortic and mitral valve disease. The patient declined any further diagnostic procedures. Three months later she experienced severe pain in the lumbar spine and developed decompensated cardiac failure with pulmonary and ankle edema. The IgG concentration had risen to 50.5 g/l. Echocardiography showed a large pericardial effusion and 600 ml of bloodstained fluid containing numerous plasma cells was aspirated (total protein 81.8 g/l, gamma-globulin 38.9%). Iliac crest biopsy showed diffuse infiltration with polymorphic plasma cells, but the differential count in peripheral blood was unremarkable. Multiple myeloma of Stage IIa was diagnosed and she was given cytostatic therapy with 17.5 mg melphalan and 112 mg methylprednisolone daily by mouth (for 4 days at intervals of 6 weeks). Though at first the IgG concentration fell, it later rose again. The beta 2-microglobulin level was raised at 30 mg/l. After three cycles of chemotherapy the patient complained of severe pain in the hips and thighs. The blood film now showed numerous, predominantly immature plasma cells. A few days later, having been ill for four months in all, she died, showing all the signs and symptoms of plasma cell leukaemia.
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PMID:[IgG-lambda-type multiple myeloma with plasma-cell pericardial effusion and terminal plasma-cell leukemia]. 142 69

An 18-year-old woman with acute monoblastic leukemia presenting with cardiac tamponade is reported. Subxiphoid pericardiotomy was performed, and blast cells were observed in the pericardial fluid. The leukemia was refractory to chemotherapy and the patient died at three months from diagnosis, without recurrence of the pericardial effusion. In the review of the literature, only ten cases of cardiac tamponade as the first manifestation of acute leukemia have been found.
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PMID:Cardiac tamponade as the initial manifestation of acute leukemia: report of a case and review of the literature. 182 Sep 88

A 28-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of cardiac tamponade and pleural effusion. Although his peripheral blood picture was normal, his pericardial fluid contained a lot of myeloblasts with Auer bodies and a diagnosis of acute myeloblastic leukemia (M2) was made from the finding of bone marrow smears. The pericarditis was successfully treated with instillation of mitoxantrone into the pericardial space after drainage. He responded well to the systemic chemotherapy and achieved a complete remission. Although 27 cases of leukemia complicated with cardiac tamponade have so far reported, only three cases gave normal findings of the peripheral blood on admission. Leukemic pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade in very rare as an initial manifestation of AML. The efficacy and safety of pericardial infusion of mitoxantrone were demonstrated in this patient.
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PMID:[Cardiac tamponade as an initial manifestation of acute myeloblastic leukemia]. 232 85

Pericardial exudate and/or spread of the tumour to the pericardium occurs frequently in leukaemia and malignant lymphomata. Metastases to the pericardium may be demonstrated at autopsy in 50% and 20-25%, respectively. In the majority of cases no symptoms from the heart occur. In cases with significant pericardial effusion or constrictive pericarditis, urgent treatment is indicated. Pericardiocentesis is carried out in cases of cardiac tamponade. Irradiation has frequently a rapid and dramatic effect in cases of massive tumour infiltration in the pericardium. Long-term treatment depends on the malignant haematological disease concerned. Meticulous diagnostic investigation is therefore indicated in every case with cardiac symptoms. This has frequently therapeutic consequences, reduces the morbidity and prolongs survival. Two cases of acute pericardial effusion with haemodynamic consequences are reviewed in this article. The haematological diagnoses were acute myeloid leukaemia and malignant lymphoma (diffuse large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), respectively.
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PMID:[Pericardial involvement in leukemia and malignant lymphoma]. 240 59

A 34-year-old male patient developed an isolated pericardial relapse of an acute myelogenous leukemia (M3) 11 months after marrow grafting from his HLA-identical brother. Alloenzyme pattern analysis revealed recipient type of the myeloblasts obtained from the pericardial effusion. Recurrence of the original leukemia was preceded by a reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection which, in spite of a systemic humoral immune response to the virus, persisted in the pericardium as shown by dot-blot hybridization using CMV-specific DNA fragments. Activated T cells propagated with IL-2 from the pericardial effusion did not reveal any cytotoxic or restimulation capacity on the original or relapse myeloblasts, nor on other donor, recipient or NK target cells. Local coincidence of virus persistence and leukemic relapse suggested CMV-mediated modulation of the immune response in the pericardium with consequent induction of a proliferation of the original malignant cell clone. After local chemotherapy and one course of systemic treatment the patient is still in complete remission--longer than after the marrow grafting.
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PMID:Isolated pericardial relapse following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia. 254 72

Although leukaemic infiltration of the pericardium is frequently observed at post-mortem, clinically evident cardiac tamponade is rare. Two cases of cardiac tamponade complicating leukaemia are presented. One patient had cardiac tamponade as the initial presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and experienced complete resolution of the pericardial effusion within 6 days after chemotherapy without therapeutic pericardiocentesis. The other patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia developed cardiac tamponade requiring pericardiocentesis as the first sign of acute blastic transformation. The roles of early chemotherapy and pericardiocentesis in managing this complication are discussed.
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PMID:Cardiac tamponade complicating leukaemia: immediate chemotherapy or pericardiocentesis? 261 8

Pericardial effusion (P.E.) has been described during the course of malignant neoplasms and leukemia, but in children its frequency is not well-known. It is possible by echocardiography to identify very small P.E. M-mode echocardiograms were performed for periodic evaluation of the patients treated by antraciclinic drugs and when P.E. was suspected by the physical examination, chest roentgenogram and electrocardiographic data. A total of 265 echocardiograms were performed in 210 children with malignant neoplasms and leukemia from 1981 to 1985 and 12 cases (5.7%) of P.E. were identified: 7 affected by acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL), 3 Rhabdomyosarcoma, 1 by Wilm's tumor and 1 by Ewing's sarcoma. In all patients was carried out and Ecg, and a chest roentgenogram was performed to evaluate cardiac shadow. Hemoglobin, serum protein and VES values were evaluated to control, respectively, anemia, dysprotidemia and flogistic condition. Pericardiocentesis was played when clinical findings indeed. P.E. was identified in 6 out all cases, 4 affected by ALL and 2 by Rhabdomyosarcoma, during the first clinical approach. Two cases, both affected by ALL, showed large P.E., x-ray enlarged cardiac shadow and typical electrocardiographic findings. The disappearance of the P.E., resulted few days after the beginnings of antiblastic therapy. Four cases were in maintenance therapy: 2 affected by ALL, 1 Ewing's sarcoma and 1 by Rhabdomyosarcoma. The last two showed very large P.E. and pericardiocentesis was necessary: only in patient with rhabdomyosarcoma fluid containing malignant cells was yielded, and reproducing itself one day after.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pericardial effusion in neoplasms and malignant hemopathies in children. Study of 12 cases and pathogenetic considerations]. 282 17

A unique T-cell line, designated ATL-5T, was established from lymphoma cells in pericardial effusion of an adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patient not carrying HTLV-1 provirus. The cell line is OKT4 and/or Leu3a+ and OKT8 and/or Leu2a+, but interleukin 2 receptor (IL2R)- and HTLV-1 provirus genome negative, and has cytogenetically abnormal karyotypes. The cell line contains rearranged T-cell receptor beta-chain gene, which was identical in rearrangement pattern to the T-cell receptor beta-chain gene in primary cells. These results suggest that factors other than HTLV-1 may sometimes be associated with HTLV-1-negative ATL. The ATL-5T cell line we describe here is unique, and should contribute to further elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HTLV-1-negative ATL and HTLV-1-positive ATL.
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PMID:A unique T-cell line derived from an HTLV-1-negative adult T-cell leukemia patient. 289 Jun 13


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