Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is described during the course of which paraplegia appeared caused by epidural compression of the tissue by leukemic cells. This complication in CLL is rare. The disorders of the nervous system during the course of leukemia are summarized, and, in particular, the circumstances pertaining to the occurrence of paraplegia during chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Paraplegia due to epidural infiltration in a case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 322 44

The clinical features of 34 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma diagnosed at the American University Medical Center (AUMC) are described. Ages ranged between 3 and 20 years (median, 7 years). Seventy-three percent of the patients were younger than 8 years. Three cases occurred among siblings. The primary site of disease at presentation was the abdomen, 23 patients; jaw, 6; jaw and abdomen, 2; Waldeyer's ring, 2; and mediastinum, 1. Of those who had abdominal disease, the involvement was diffuse and extensive in abdomen and pelvis in 9, apparently confined to the ileocecal region in 5, mesenteric nodes and small intestine in 5, large intestine in 1, and ovary in 3. One patient presented with paraplegia. The bone marrow was studied in 19 patients; it was positive in 5 and suspicious in 2. None had frank leukemia. CSF was studied in 4 patients at presentation and was negative. Eight patients developed meningeal lymphoma during the course of the disease. Liver involvement was documented in 3 patients. Peripheral lymphadenopathy was observed at presentation in 11 patients (9, neck; 2, inguinal + axillary). In contrast to African Burkitt's, the majority of our patients presented with abdominal disease, and in contrast to the American form, our patients were younger with a median age similar to that of African Burkitt's. Thirty percent of the patients had jaw tumor at presentation--a figure intermediate between the African and the American Burkitt's.
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PMID:Burkitt's lymphoma in the Middle East. A study of 34 cases. 404 76

Cytostatic long-term treatment for about 36 months was administered to 18 children with acute lymphatic leukaemia who were in long-term remission (43-98 months). Prophylaxis of meningosis involved intrathecal 198Au colloid and methotrexate. Seven recurrences occurred during the long-term remissions: the bone marrow was involved six times, leukaemic meningosis occurred once. Five out of seven recurrences occurred within one year of cessation of treatment. There were no complications induced by intrathecal radio-gold, such as the apathy syndrome or leukoencephalopathy. Intrathecal methotrexate led to side effects before administration of radio-gold: encephalopathy twice, paraplegia once. Symptoms regressed completely in two children, one child with encephalopathy continues to have symptoms. All three children were given 198Au colloid intrathecally thereafter which was tolerated very well. 198Au colloid represents an alternative for prophylaxis of meningosis with 60Co telecobalt irradiation in leukaemias and non-Hodgkin lymphomas in childhood.
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PMID:[Cessation of treatment in childhood acute lymphatic leukemia. Long-term observations after meningosis prevention with intrathecal gold colloid radioisotopes and methotrexate]. 626 99

We treated a 52-year-old Japanese woman with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) initiated with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. Her chief complaints were paraplegia and left facial palsy. CNS-ATL was diagnosed because of the following three features. 1) Various sized lymphoid cells with marked nuclear convolution were numerous in her cerebrospinal fluid. 2) These cells were a monoclonal proliferation of T lymphocytes with OKT 4 marker. 3) The patient's serum was positive for anti-ATL associated antigen (ATLA). Although the neurological signs and symptoms improved markedly after intrathecal administration of combined chemotherapy (methotrexate, cytarabine and corticosteroid), these ATL cells were highly resistant to radiation therapy. The abdominal mass which developed in the course of the disease was diagnosed as a tumor formed of ATL cells, and VEPA (vincristine, endoxan, prednisolone and adriamycin) was administered with marked success.
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PMID:A case of adult T-cell leukemia initiated with central nervous system symptoms. 633 91

Chloromas are solid tumours resulting from the localised proliferation of myelogenous leukemia cells, and are frequently responsible for the initial manifestations of acute myelocytic leukemia. We report a patient with a thoracic extradural chloroma whose presentation with acute paraplegia led to the diagnosis of an unsuspected myelocytic leukemia. Early recognition of the etiology of the paraplegia and the underlying systemic involvement with leukemia resulted in an excellent neurological and hematological outcome. The previously described association of the 8:21 chromosomal translocation with a good prognosis is noted in our patient.
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PMID:Extradural chloroma with spinal compression--an unusual presentation of acute myelogenous leukemia. 659 9

Extremely early and high rate of spontaneous occurrence of nonthymic leukemias was observed in SL/Kh mice, a subline of SL mice. In a cohort of 68 females and 21 males, the cumulative incidence at 6 months of age was 88% in females and 48% in males, and at 12 months it was 100% in females and 94% in males. There were two types of leukemias with distinct in vivo homing behavior: the major type (72/86) proliferated in lymph nodes and the spleen, and the minor type (14/86) proliferated predominantly in the bone marrow cavity. In the minor type, paraplegia due to spinal compression by growing leukemia cells in vertebrae was a characteristic clinical manifestation and this was faithfully reproduced by intravenous injection of the leukemia cells from bone marrow. Both types of leukemias were histologically poorly differentiated lymphoblastic leukemias of null cell type, since none of 8 immunocytological and 4 cytochemical differentiation markers allowed either positive identification of their normal derivation or distinction between them. In contrast to AKR mice with a high incidence of thymic leukemias, spontaneous expression of xenotropic virus was observed not only in the thymus but also in the spleen and bone marrow. In addition to the high level of expression of eco- and xenotropic viruses, viruses with dual-tropic host range were isolated sporadically from preleukemic and leukemic lymphoid tissues. Possible factors determining the type of leukemias in SL/Kh mice are discussed.
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PMID:Unusually early and high rate of spontaneous occurrence of nonthymic leukemias in SL/Kh mice, a subline of SL strain. 696 82

Since the mid-1960s intrathecal chemotherapy (methotrexate [MTX], cytarabine [Ara-C], or both, plus hydrocortisone) has constituted the standard approach to prophylaxis and treatment of central nervous system (CNS) leukemia and lymphoma. Intrathecal chemotherapy-related neurotoxicity has been described in a variable proportion of patients. At least 35 cases of subacute myeloencephalopathy with transient or permanent paraplegia/quadriplegia after intrathecal chemotherapy have been reported. Different factors have been cited: high cumulative MTX dose, meningeal leukemia, cranial irradiation, and preservatives in MTX and Ara-C. A direct toxic effect of the intrathecal chemotherapy seems the most likely mechanism. Early imaging studies are usually normal. We describe a nonfatal case of permanent flaccid quadriplegia after the fourth triple intrathecal chemotherapy in a 6-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and no evidence of meningeal involvement. Six months after intrathecal chemotherapy, CNS magnetic resonance imaging showed severe atrophy of spine, cerebellum, and cerebral hemispheres. The outcome of reported cases is diverse. No treatment has been shown to reverse neurotoxicity. Among the cases reported in the literature, complete recovery of neurologic deficits was observed in 9 patients, partial recovery with variable sequelae in 6, no recovery in 8, and 13 patients died from the initial oncologic disease or neurotoxicity progression.
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PMID:Intrathecal chemotherapy-related myeloencephalopathy in a young child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 757 90

A man with adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL) underwent massive spinal cord necrosis caused by Aspergillus infection. Leukopenia due to anti-cancer chemotherapy resulted in pulmonary Aspergillus infection. The aspergilloma was reduced in size by anti-fungal chemotherapy, but paraplegia occurred. At autopsy, the pulmonary aspergilloma was encapsulated and showed no contiguous extension of the infection to the epidural or subdural spaces or spinal cord. However, at the T5 level of the spinal cord, there was marked necrosis with haemorrhage caused by Aspergillus infection, but without leukaemic cell infiltration of the spinal cord. Dichotomously branching Aspergillus hyphae filled the blood vessels of the T5 level of the spinal cord.
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PMID:Massive spinal cord necrosis associated with adult T-cell leukaemia caused by Aspergillus. 811 29

In a 2-month-old crossbred calf with paraplegia, results of neurologic evaluation were suggestive of a spinal cord lesion caudal to L3. The calf bled from the blood sampling site for an extended period after venipuncture. Leukocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia were observed. The leukocytes were predominantly atypical blast cells. Postmortem examination revealed petechial hemorrhages throughout the internal organs. Bone marrow was pale tan, with no red marrow seen. Atypical leukocytes were diffusely distributed throughout the body, with penetration of the spinal cord and spinal roots, particularly in the lumbar region. Atypical leukocytes stained positively for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and chloracetate esterase, and stained with Sudan black B. Atypical leukocytes expressed class-1 and class-2 major histocompatability antigens, but did not express specific T-, B-, or null-cell surface antigens. The final diagnosis was myelomonocytic leukemia. Differential diagnosis of leukemia in calves should include myelogenous leukemia, and requires use of various techniques to make a definitive diagnosis.
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PMID:Acute myelomonocytic leukemia in a calf. 828 83

In order to obtain an additional graft versus leukemia effect (GVL) and rapid engraftment, donor leukocyte infusion (DLI) was added to unseparated, sex-mismatched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in two male patients (age 21, 26) affected by high risk hematological malignancies (refractory T-ALL, refractory B-LBL in leukemic phase). Graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of methotrexate (MTX) alone. DLI were obtained after G-CSF 16 ug/kg/day sc. A total of 2.36 and 5.8 x 10(6)/kg MNC, 5.4 and 11 x 10(6)/kg CD34+ cells, 1.3 and 1.3 x 10(6)/kg CD3+ lymphocytes, respectively, were infused. Hemopoietic recovery occurred promptly. Complete chimerism was detected by cytogenetic examination. One patient developed an extramedullary relapse that first involved the cranial nerves, and then the testes, soft tissue and skin; the other patient developed central nervous system disease and then bilateral paravertebral masses with progressive paraplegia. Despite complete medullary remission with normal female karyotype, both patients died from extramedullary progression of their disease. Our observation shows that, at least in high risk patients, no additional GVHD or GVL effect was evident after donor leukocyte infusion. Extramedullary relapse was not prevented despite good control of medullary disease.
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PMID:Extramedullary relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation plus buffy-coat in two high risk patients. 864 54


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