Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An antigen immunologically related to a group-specific antigen (gp52, a 52,000-dalton glycoprotein) of the mouse mammary tumor virus has been identified in paraffin sections of human breast cancers by means of the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The specificity of the reaction with antibody against mouse mammary tumor virus was examined by absorption of the IgG with the following: (a) purified gp52; (b) a number of virus preparations (mouse mammary tumor virus, Rauscher leukemia virus, simian sarcoma virus, baboon endogenous virus, and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus); (c) normal plasma, leukocytes, breast tissue, milk, actin, collagen, and hyaluronic acid, all of human origin; (d) sheep erythrocytes and mucin. Only mouse mammary tumor virus (from C(3)H or Paris RIII strains and grown in either murine or feline cells) and purified gp52 eliminated the immunohistochemical reaction in the human breast tumors. Positive reactions were seen in 51 of 131 (39%) breast carcinomas of various histologic types, a minimal estimate in view of the limited number of sections from each tumor that could be examined. Negative reactions were obtained in all 119 benign breast lesions (cystic disease, fibroadenoma, papilloma, gynecomastia) and in all 18 normal breast tissues. With one exception, 99 carcinomas from 13 organs other than breast and 8 cystosarcomas were all negative.
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PMID:Detection in human breast carcinomas of an antigen immunologically related to a group-specific antigen of mouse mammary tumor virus. 20 5

With the object of examining the anti-tumour effect of exogenous interferon therapy in man a research programme has been initiated at the Karolinska Hospital. Established cell lines obtained from patients with Burkitt's and other types of lymphoma, leukaemia, osteosarcoma, mammary carcinoma and fibrosarcoma and from fibroblast cultures displayed a variable sensitivity to the cell multiplication inhibitory activity of interferon. All the monolayer cultures tested were found to be sensitive to interferon at concentrations between 10 and 300 units/ml. Some lymphoma cell lines were not sensitive to interferon even at concentrations as high as 10.000 units/ml, while others were sensitive at concentrations between 2 and 300 units/ml. The interferons tested appeared to show a degree of tissue specificity. Controlled studies in vivo are being performed on osteosarcoma, juvenile papilloma of the larynx, multiple myeloma and small-cell carcinoma of the lung. The clinical results of this research obtained to date, together with the results obtained in model experiments, would appear to warrant accelerated production of human interferon.
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PMID:Interferon therapy for neoplastic diseases in man in vitro and in vivo studies. 72 40

Since the introduction of cytocentrifugation, the methods of clinical cytology have become more refined. The following advantages should be stressed: 1. speed and ease of processing, 2. highest possible cellular yield, 3. good preservation of cellular characteristics. In the light of predominantly CSF analyses in the field of pediatric oncology the above mentioned findings are clearly illustrated (ALL, AML, reticulum cell sarcomatosis, Ewing sarcoma, leptomeninx sarcoma, retinoblastoma, Letterer-Siwe's disease, familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, plexus papilloma). Malignancies are clearly distinguishable from benign conditions (toxic glial reactions, virus meningitides, CNS hemorrhages etc.). The higher cellular yield permits very early diagnosis of meningeal leukemia. This qualitative improvement of cytological diagnostic methods may considerably influence the choice of therapeutic procedures in the treatment of malignancies.
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PMID:[Optimation and simplification of clinical tumor cytodiagnosis by means of cytocentrifugation]. 79 95

This review first considered some general problems in establishing causal links between a virus and a human cancer and offered some guidelines in the pursuit of this objective. Second, it reviewed the current causal associations for several candidate oncogenic viruses in relation to the tumors with which they are associated. These include Epstein-Barr virus in relation to Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Hodgkin's disease, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; hepatitis B and C viruses in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma; human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 and atypical leukemia/lymphoma; and human papilloma viruses in relation to cervical carcinoma. For some, the causal relationship is strong: hepatitis B virus with hepatocellular carcinoma, and human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. For one, the causal relationship is moderate: Epstein-Barr virus with African Burkitt's lymphoma. For others it is incomplete or inconclusive: Epstein-Barr virus with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and hepatitis C virus with hepatocellular carcinoma. Current techniques do not permit an answer for some: human papilloma virus with cervical carcinoma.
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PMID:Viruses and cancer. Causal associations. 166 91

Dichlorvos (dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphoric acid ester) is a cholinesterase inhibitor used widely as a contact and stomach insecticide for control of internal and external parasites. Carcinogenesis studies were conducted by administering dichlorvos in corn oil by gavage 5 times a week for 103 weeks to groups of 50 male and 50 female Fischer rats at 0, 4, or 8 mg/kg body weight, to groups of 50 male B6C3F1 mice at 0, 10, or 20 mg/kg, and to groups of 50 female B6C3F1 mice at 0, 20, or 40 mg/kg. During the course of the studies, body weights and survival rates of the male and female rats and mice were not different from those of their respective controls; females of both species appeared to gain more weight than controls. Neoplasms induced by dichlorvos included adenomas of the exocrine pancreas (male rats), mononuclear cell leukemia (male rats), and squamous cell papilloma of the forestomach (male and female mice; two other female mice had squamous cell carcinomas). Lesions observed in female rats that may have been due to dichlorvos administration included adenomas of the exocrine pancreas and fibroadenomas of the mammary gland. The results demonstrated that dichlorvos is carcinogenic for Fischer rats and B6C3F1 mice.
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PMID:Carcinogenesis studies of dichlorvos in Fischer rats and B6C3F1 mice. 190 Aug 19

N-Propyl-N-nitrosourea is a strong leukemogen that induces myelogenic leukemia in Donryu rats and thymic lymphoma in F344 rats when administered in drinking water. In the present study, a single or multiple doses of PNU (total 500 mg/kg body weight) was given to young male and female F344 rats via a stomach tube. The results demonstrated that the percentage of tumor-bearing rats was 100% in all PNU-treated male groups, while that of the control group was 46%. Predominant tumors induced by PNU in male rats were lung adenoma/adenocarcinoma followed by peritoneal mesothelioma, and forestomach papilloma. In females, the tumor incidence of PNU-treated groups varied between 58% and 92% while that of the control group was 42%. Although pituitary tumor was the most frequent tumor in PNU-treated female rats, it was thought to be spontaneous since its incidence in each experimental group was not statistically different from that of the control group. Lung tumors and forestomach papillomas were also induced by PNU in female rats. No thymic lymphoma, however, was found in any of the PNU-treated groups of either sex. Lung tumors developed in almost all PNU-treated male rats and in about one-third of PNU-treated female rats. Mesothelioma was induced only in male rats, and its incidence depended on the treatment schedule. Induced mesotheliomas were extensively examined histologically, histochemically, immunohistochemically, and electron microscopically.
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PMID:Induction of lung tumors and peritoneal mesotheliomas in F344 rats given intragastric N-propyl-N-nitrosourea and histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics of induced mesotheliomas. 245 26

We have established bovine papilloma virus (BPV)-transformed mouse C127 cell lines that synthesize the peplomer protein of the feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) strain 79-1146. For this purpose, a new cassette expression vector pHSL, which carries the Drosophila HSp70 promotor and the polyadenylation signal of the Moloney murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat, was constructed. Cocultivation of the BPV-transformed cell lines with FIPV-permissive feline fcwf-D cells resulted in polykaryocyte formation. Since it depended on the presence of fcwf-D cells, binding of E2 to the cell receptor may be required for membrane fusion. E2 was synthesized as a core-glycosylated protein of 180K which was only slowly transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the medial Golgi: of the E2-molecules labeled during a 1-hr pulse about half was still completely sensitive to endoglycosidase H after a 2-hr chase, while the remaining E2 had been chased into multiple, partially endoglycosidase H-resistant forms. Immunofluorescence studies also indicated that most E2 was retained intracellularly. Mice immunized with whole lysates of the transformed cells produced FIPV-neutralizing antibodies as shown by plaque reduction.
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PMID:Stably expressed FIPV peplomer protein induces cell fusion and elicits neutralizing antibodies in mice. 254 29

Out of a series of 36 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML), five cases are reported with the association of this hemopathy to solid neoplasms. In two patients this last was a cutaneous tumour, while the remainders had, respectively, papilloma of the bladder, carcinoma of the sigma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. These neoplasms were diagnosed in all cases prior to the discovery of CMML. When applying the "patient/year" method, significantly higher frequency of solid tumours was found for CMML patients, which would support the hypothesis that this myelodysplasia could be regarded as a paraneoplastic condition.
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PMID:[Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and solid neoplasms: is it a causal or a fortuitous association?]. 276 83

Mouse cell lines of different lineages have been established which constitutively secrete large quantities of recombinant mouse interleukins (mIL2, mIL3, mIL4 or mIL5). An existing bovine papilloma virus-based expression vector, pBV-1MTHA, was modified to allow transformed X63Ag8-653 myeloma cells, NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and C127 mammary tumor cells to stably carry multiple copies of the vector, to express the inserted cDNA encoding a single interleukin constitutively, and to secrete the interleukin in high quantities. Cell lines transformed with mIL2 cDNA stably carried 30-100 copies of the plasmid per cell and constitutively secreted biologically active mIL2 in quantities similar to those produced by murine EL4 thymoma cells or rat spleen cells stimulated with mitogens. Deletion of the 3' untranslated region containing AT-rich sequences from the mIL2 cDNA resulted in a 100-fold increase in the constitutive production and secretion of mIL2 by the transformants. Addition of a heavy metal further increased the production 2 to 6-fold. Cells transformed with 3'-deleted mIL3 cDNA constitutively secreted 300-1000 times higher activities of mIL3 than the myelomonocytic leukemia line WEHI3. mIL4 produced by the similar transformants induced [3H]thymidine uptake of a T cell line, a mast cell line and B leukemia cells, and enhanced the production of IgG1 by B cells. IL4 titers were 150 times higher than those produced by the concanavalin A-stimulated T cell line 2.19. mIL5 was secreted by similar transformants at 10-fold higher titers than those produced by concanavalin A-stimulated 2.19 T cells, as judged by the proliferation and maturation of B cell leukemia BCL1. The expression vectors should be useful in establishing eukaryotic cell lines producing proteins from full length cDNA clones at higher rates. The established cell lines secreting IL2, 3, 4 or 5 at high rate should be useful sources for these interleukins in the investigation of their function in the immune system.
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PMID:Establishment of mouse cell lines which constitutively secrete large quantities of interleukin 2, 3, 4 or 5, using modified cDNA expression vectors. 283 Oct 66

Carcinogenic viruses have been discovered in numerous animal species over the last 80 years but their role in human cancer has only recently become an important issue. With EB virus involved with endemic Burkitt's lymphoma and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, hepatitis B virus with primary liver cancer, papilloma viruses with carcinoma of the cervix, and T-cell leukaemia virus with adult T leukaemia, 20-25% of all human cancer appears to have a virus component in its causation. By analogy with certain virus-induced animal cancers, vaccine prevention of infection should greatly reduce subsequent tumour development; vaccines against hepatitis B virus are already on trial for this purpose in populations at risk. Experiments are described in which an EB virus subunit vaccine consisting of the virus-determined membrane antigen glycoprotein molecule of molecular mass 340 kDa (MA gp340) has been prepared by two purification methods. Material from one of these has successfully protected cotton-top tamarins against a 100% lymphomagenic dose of challenge virus and investigations are under way to identify an immunogen, based on MA gp340, suitable for use in man. Genetically engineered bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cells expressing the gp340 gene are already available; this gene has also been inserted into vaccinia and varicella virus vectors. Powerful new adjuvants are also considered, together with future strategies for human vaccine studies.
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PMID:The Florey lecture, 1986. Vaccine prevention of virus-induced human cancers. 288 67


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