Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum concentration of laminin was measured radioimmunologically in 96 patients suffering from various malignancies. Laminin levels were significantly elevated in patients with carcinomas and leukemias, but not in patients with sarcomas or lymphomas when compared with healthy controls. A good correlation could be found between serum laminin concentration and response to therapy in patients with carcinoma and leukemia. Elevated laminin levels were associated with a progressive course of the tumor condition. Furthermore, a close correlation has been detected between serum concentrations of laminin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with carcinoma of the colon. The serum laminin level seems to be a valuable parameter for observation of the course of certain malignancies.
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PMID:Serum concentration of laminin, and course of the disease in patients with various malignancies. 362 57

The distribution and localization of NCA and carcinoembryonic antigen CEA in cells of different types of myelogenous leukaemias (acute myelogenous leukaemia - AML; chronic granulocytic leukaemia - CGL; CGL in myeloblastic crisis - CGL-BC) was studied using the immunofluorescence test. Discontinuous density-gradient centrifugation was used to separate myeloid cells into fractions containing granulocytes in individual stages of maturation. Serum NCA and CEA levels were estimated in parallel. It was established that: (a) AML blasts without maturation (MO type) and monoblasts did not synthesize NCA; (b) individual blasts of AML with features of maturation (M1, M2 types) and some myeloblasts of CGL-BC exhibited a limited ability to express cytoplasmic NCA; (c) the number of NCA-containing cells increased in the more mature granulocyte fractions isolated on Ficoll-Hypaque density-gradients; (d) myelocytic NCA is immunologically related to NCA isolated from lung tissue and (e) CEA is undetectable in the myelocytic cell series.
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PMID:Non-specific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) in individual maturation stages of myelocytic cell series. 388 13

The distribution of two monoclonal antibodies with reactivity against human leukemia/lymphoma associated antigens (BA-1 antibody) and carcinoembryonic antigen (202 antibody) when labeled with 131I or 111In was studied in normal Balb/c mice. The BA-1 antibody of the IgM subclass was labeled with 131I by the micro iodine monochloride method at a 12:1 molar ratio and with 111In by the cyclic DTPA anhydride method at a 10:1 molar ratio. In vitro, the 131I-labeled BA-1 antibody bound 35.5% to 10(7) KM-3 leukemic cells while the 111In-labeled BA-1 antibody bound 29.9% to the same number of KM-3 cells. In vivo, the 111In-labeled BA-1 antibody showed a higher accumulation in liver, spleen, and kidney than the 131I-labeled BA-1 antibody. The 202 antibody of the IgG1 subclass was labeled with 131I at a 5:1 molar ratio and with 111In at a 7:1 molar ratio. In vitro, the 131I-labeled 202 antibody bound 30.9%, 27.4%, and 30.0% to 10(7) CO-112, WIDR, and LS-174T colon cancer cells, respectively. The 111In-labeled 202 antibody bound 20.5%, 30.2%, and 33.6%, respectively to the same number of colon cancer cells. In vivo, the 131I-labeled 202 antibody showed a higher tissue to blood ratio in liver, spleen, and kidney than the 111In-labeled 202 antibody. The data indicate that the relative distribution of 131I-labeled versus 111In-labeled monoclonal antibody may depend on the immunoglobulin subclass of the antibody and the molar ratio used in labeling.
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PMID:Comparison of the distribution and binding of monoclonal antibodies labeled with 131-iodine or 111-indium. 400 81

An immunohistochemical study by avidin-biotin-peroxidase was performed on paraffin-embedded and decalcified bone marrow biopsies in 31 acute leukemias (19 myeloid and 12 lymphoblastic). The Ulex Europaeus lectin and 14 antibodies (anti-CD45, -CD34, -myeloperoxidase, -lysozyme, -CD15, -CD68, -carcinoembryonic antigen, -factor VIII-related antigen, BNH9, anti-CD45RO, -CD3, -CD20, DBB42 and DBA44) were tested. All acute myeloid leukemias from M0 to M5 type were stained by either the anti-myeloperoxidase or anti-lysozyme antibodies. CD68, CD15 and the carcinoembryonic antigen were respectively expressed in 80%, 40% and 20% of myeloid leukemias from M1 to M5 type. The Ulex Europaeus lectin and the anti-factor VIII-related antigen antibody stained only the M7 leukemia and the anti-CD3 antibody stained only the T acute lymphoblastic leukemia. DBB42 was expressed by 63% of B-lineage lymphoblastic leukemias and CD20 by 36%. No leukemia was stained by DBA44. Immunohistochemistry on bone marrow biopsy can assess the lineage of most acute leukemias with the use of a panel of antibodies such as the anti-myeloperoxidase, -lysozyme, -CD68, -CD20, DBB42, -CD3, BNH9, anti-factor VIII-related antigen antibodies and the Ulex Europaeus lectin.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical characterization of acute leukemia. Study of 31 bone marrow biopsies]. 753 64

It is well known that some of the widely used antibodies directed against hemopoietic antigens exhibit cross-reactivity with normal and neoplastic nonhemopoietic cells. By contrast, relatively little is known about the immunoreactivity of hemopoietic cells with antibodies that detect nonhemopoietic antigens. In this study 43 routinely processed bone marrow biopsy specimens containing infiltrates of acute leukemia of different subtypes were stained with a panel of 20 antibodies that detect nonhemopoietic antigens in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. Thirteen of the antibodies applied (KL1; BMA 120; and antibodies against epithelial membrane antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, prostate-specific acid phosphatase, prostate-specific epithelial antigen, placental alkaline phosphatase, alpha-amylase, serotonin, bombesin, beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin, desmin, and S-100 protein) did not stain blast cells in any of the cases. However, anti-vimentin, HMB45, and anti-myoglobin stained blast cells in the majority of the cases; the antibodies against thyroglobulin, actin, and carcinoembryonic antigen stained blast cells in 10% to 25% of the cases; and anti-neuron-specific enolase stained blast cells in less than 10% of the cases. No correlation was found between the leukemia subtype and the pattern of immunoreactivity. The staining specificity, (i.e., the specificity of binding of the primary antibody--immunologic vs. nonimmunologic binding), was tested by increasing the dilution of the primary antibody and comparing the staining intensity in the bone marrow specimens and control tissue. Staining specificity was confirmed only for staining with the antibodies against neuron-specific enolase and vimentin. The findings show that immunoreactivity of tumor cells in bone marrow biopsy specimens for nonhemopoietic antigens does not exclude a diagnosis of acute leukemia.
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PMID:Nonspecific immunostaining of blast cells of acute leukemia by antibodies against nonhemopoietic antigens. 762 98

The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the classical non-specific cross-reacting antigens (NCAs) belong to the CEA gene family which is part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. In normal hematopoiesis, CEA gene family members (CGMs) have only been reported on cells of myeloid and monocytic origin. In the present study, we analyzed 62 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) and seven surface immunoglobulin positive (sig+) B-cell lines for the expression of the CEA family members CEA, NCA-50/90, NCA-95, NCA-160, CGM1 and CGM7. We demonstrated that members of the CEA family were present in 76% of childhood ALLs of B- and T-cell origin. In ALLs of B-cell origin, 82% of the samples expressed at least one CEA subgroup member: 38% NCA-50/90 (CD66c), 31% NCA-160 (CD66a), and 13% both. Six of seven B-cell lines solely expressed NCA-160. In seven ALL of T-cell origin, sole NCA-160 expression was present in 29% of the cases. CEA and CGM1 were not expressed in childhood ALLs or in the sIg+ B-cell lines. In 15 ALLs and seven B-cell lines which could be analyzed for CGM7 expression, the antigen was not detected. NCA-95 was not expressed in 91% of the B-lineage ALLs, in T-lineage ALLs and in the B-cell lines. However, five B-lineage ALLs showed conflicting data on the binding patterns of two, on leukocytes specifically NCA-95 recognizing antibodies suggesting either expression of unknown forms of NCA-95 or NCA-50/90 or of a yet unknown member of the CEA family in these ALL cells. The expression of CEA subgroup members in childhood ALL cells might have prognostic impacts, as an inverse correlation exists between NCA expression on leukemic blasts and the risk factor white blood count at diagnosis.
Leukemia 1994 Dec
PMID:Expression of the CEA gene family members NCA-50/90 and NCA-160 (CD66) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) and in cell lines of B-cell origin. 780

The human c-erbA beta protooncogene encodes a thyroid hormone receptor (comprising a hormone-binding domain and a DNA-binding domain) which modulates expression of specific genes, such as cell differentiation genes. Using the reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, significant expression of the c-erbA beta gene was detected in the SiHa, CaSki, HeLa cervical carcinoma; Hep3B, PLC/PRF/5, Mahlavu hepatocellular carcinoma; HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cell lines; as well as in normal MRC-5 embryo lung and FS-4 foreskin fibroblast cell lines. However, the Molt-4 leukaemia and Raji Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines exhibited very low levels of c-erbA beta expression. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing of PCR products of the c-erbA beta hormone-binding domain cDNAs of these cell lines revealed identical sequences, but differed from the published human placental c-erbA beta sequence by five single base disparities. Sequencing of an aberrant fragment fortuitously amplified from the HT-1080 cDNA library demonstrated concordance with the cDNA of pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 4, which is related to the tumour marker, carcinoembryonic antigen.
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PMID:The c-erbA beta thyroid hormone receptor. Expression and cDNA sequence analysis of the hormone-binding domain in human cancer cell lines. 791 62

A total of 22 genes have been identified in the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family. The protein products of this family are highly homologous and include CEA, biliary glycoprotein, nonspecific cross-reacting antigen 50/90 (NCA 50/90), NCA 95, and pregnancy-specific beta-glycoprotein. We used a monoclonal antibody with high affinity to develop a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for NCA 50/90 in serum and plasma. Our calibrators were based on affinity-purified recombinant protein from a baculovirus expression system. No significant reactivity with purified CEA, recombinant NCA 95, or recombinant biliary glycoprotein was found by Western blot analysis or in the ELISA method. Only 1 of 15 sera from pregnant women (chorionic gonadotropin > 1000 ng/ml) was positive in the NCA 50/90 ELISA, suggesting that this method does not detect pregnancy-specific glycoprotein. A cutoff value of 18 ng/ml was established based on the 95% value of serum and plasma from 147 healthy volunteers. Only 3 of 31 serum and plasma samples from patients with clinically inactive breast cancer were elevated above the cutoff value, but 44% of 136 samples from patients with clinically active breast cancer were positive. NCA 50/90 measurements were elevated in 7 of 25 patients with active breast cancer whose CEA and CA 15-3 values were below cutoff, and NCA 50/90 values do not correlate with CEA in breast cancer. In addition, we found sensitivities of 70, 39, and 42% for lung cancer, colon cancer, and leukemia, respectively. The sensitivity for non-small cell lung cancer was 85%, however, compared to 50% for small cell lung cancer. Serum from leukemia patients showed an overall sensitivity of 43%, but 71% (10 of 14) sera from patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia were positive compared to, for example, chronic lymphocytic leukemia where 0 of 7 sera had NCA 50/90 values above the cutoff. These studies suggest that NCA 50/90 may have clinical utility in the management of patients with a variety of cancers.
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PMID:Nonspecific cross-reacting antigen 50/90 is elevated in patients with breast, lung, and colon cancer. 811 11

A case of epithelial mesothelioma presenting as an axillary metastasis of unknown origin with anemone cells in a 33-year-old patient with pleural effusion is reported. The differential diagnosis included tumors that can be composed of cells with anemone shape (malignant lymphoma, leukemia, malignant melanoma, carcinoma, and mesothelioma). Tumor cells in the present case were positive for cytokeratins (Cam 5.2 and AE1/3) as well as vimentin antibodies and were consistently negative for carcinoembryonic antigen, Leu-M1, leukocyte common antigen, pan-B-cell and pan-T-cell antigen, Ber-H2, S-100 protein, HMB-45, and epithelial membrane antigen antibodies. On electron microscopy, the most remarkable features were the presence of abundant, long, slender microvilli, the lack of well-developed intercellular junctions, and only occasional tight junctions in some of the tumor cells. A pleural needle biopsy confirmed the pleural origin of the proliferation. The patient refused treatment and died 3 years after diagnosis.
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PMID:Pleural mesothelioma presenting as an axillary lymph node metastasis with anemone cell appearance. 819 42

E7010 is a novel sulfonamide which was discovered using slow-growing colon 38 carcinoma cells as a screening model. E7010 exhibits a broad spectrum of antitumor activity against human tumor xenografts. The mechanism of action is by arresting the progression of cells in M phase of the cell cycle by inhibiting tubulin polymerization. The objective of this phase I study was to determine the maximum allowable dose (MAD), toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of single or 5-day repeated doses of E7010. In the single-dose study, E7010 was administered orally to 16 patients at doses ranging from 80 to 480 mg/m2. The dose-limiting toxicity was peripheral neuropathy at a dose of 480 mg/m2. Hematological and gastrointestinal toxicities were mild. In the 5-day repeated-dose study, 41 patients were given E7010 at doses ranging from 30 to 240 mg/m2 per day. The dose-limiting toxicities were peripheral neuropathy and intestinal paralysis. Gastrointestinal toxicity was dose-dependent but not severe. Hematological toxicity was not dose-dependent. Pharmacokinetic analysis in the single-dose study showed a rapid increase in the plasma levels of the drug after administration, followed by disappearance with a t1/2 of 4.4-16.6 h. The variation in area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) between the patients was small and increased in a dose-dependent manner. Total drug recovery in urine 72 h after administration was 77.8+/-11.4%, indicating that E7010 has favorable absorption and elimination profiles. The changes in the plasma levels of E7010 on day 5 in the 5-day repeated-dose study were almost the same as those on day 1, indicating that the drug did not accumulate. In the single-dose study, spinal cord metastasis exhibited a 74% reduction in a patient with uterine sarcoma and a minor response (MR) was observed in a pulmonary adenocarcinoma patient. In the 5-day repeated-dose study decreases in the tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) were observed in a patient with stomach cancer and in a patient with recurrent uterine cervical carcinoma, respectively. The recommended phase II doses are 320 mg/m2 for a single-dose study and 200 mg/m2 per day for a 5-day repeated-dose study. Since the activity of E7010 is time-dependent, i.e. a certain concentration of E7010 is required for more than 12 h to suppress the growth of P388 leukemia cells, it is recommended that subsequent phase I/II studies be conducted using a divided dose schedule in order to maintain the blood level of E7010.
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PMID:Phase I study of E7010. 965 12


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