Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The practical value of cytologic examination in the clinical management of children with cancer was determined by analyzing 2,363 cytologic specimens collected during a two year period. The specimens included cerebrospinal fluid, pleural and peritoneal effusions, urine and tracheal aspirates from 347 children with cancer. Malignant tumor cells were detected in 266 specimens obtained from 106 children with the following malignant neoplasms: leukemia 44/133, malignant lymphoma 13/64, soft tissue sarcoma 13/48, neuroblastoma 13/26, Wilms' tumor 4/18, malignant teratoma 4/13, osteogenic sarcoma 7/11, Ewing's sarcoma 2/10, brain tumor 5/6 and retinoblastoma 1/1. No malignant cells were detected in fluids from 18 patients with other tumors. The malignant cells were identified most ofter in spinal fluid, pleural and peritoneal effusions. Cytologic examination appears to be of value in the clinical management of children with cancer.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of cytologic specimens obtained from children with cancer. 16 27

Bilateral nephromegaly with a histological picture of diffuse Wilms' tumor or so-called bilateral nephroblastomatosis is a rare condition. We present an additional case documented by urography. To our knowledge, this is the first report of diffuse nephroblastomatosis recognized at 2 hours of age. A few cases are reported but urographic documentation is available in only 4 of those and in our own. The review of the urographic findings reveals features which seem seem to be nearly pathognomonic of this condition. Urographic appearance similar to that of adult type polycystic disease without the typical radiolucent cysts, should raise the suspicion of a diffuse bilateral process in the kidneys. Exclusion of other infiltrative diseases, like leukemia and glycogen storage disease, should lead to radiologic diagnosis of nephroblastomatosis. Renal biopsy is then indicated.
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PMID:Bilateral nephroblastomatosis. 18 21

A search of the records of 10 pediatric oncology centers revealed 102 children with more than one malignant neoplasm. In this group of 102 patients, all pediatric cancers were seen as initial lesions, but Wilms' tumor and retinoblastoma were over-represented and leukemia and brain tumors underrepresented. Survival variation as well as tumor susceptibility may be responsible for this disproportion. Osteosarcomas and chondrosarcomas were the most frequent second malignant neoplasms (SMN). Embryonal tumors were rare as SMN and adult-type tumors (carcinomas) appeared at earlier than expected ages, whether arising after irradiation or not related to that form of therapy. Radiation was associated with 69 SMN, genetic disease accounted for 27 SMN and both conditions were noted in 15 SMN. In the group of 21 patients for whom neither radiation nor a known genetic disorder could be implicated, there were three with colon carcinoma and glioma and five with leukemia or lymphoma and glioma. These combinations may reflect new tissue-specific hereditary cancer syndromes.
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PMID:Patterns of second malignant neoplasms in children. 19 10

Problems experienced by families of long-term survivors of acute lymphatic leukaemia and Wilms's tumour were investigated to find out the best way of using limited resources to improve management of such patients. All patients had received treatment at Alder Hey Children's Hospital, and all had completed treatment at least two years before the study. A social worker interviewed the parents of each child. The results showed that various aspects of management needed improvement, including: information given to parents at diagnosis of their child's illness and during subsequent treatment; continuity of care and multidisciplinary teamwork among those caring for the child; greater understanding by school teachers that such children have the same educational needs as others; wider communication by hospital staff with the child's other relatives, particularly grandparents; financial help for parents; and marital counselling. To help implement these proposals full-time social workers were attached to the hospital. Preliminary results were encouraging, though it is too early to evaluate the long-term effects of the changes.
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PMID:Effects of childhood cancer on long-term survivors and their families. 22 Oct 66

VP-16-213, a semisynthetic podophyliotoxin, was tested for antitumor and clinical toxicity in 126 children. The drug was administered iv daily x 5 days every 2 weeks at a starting dose of 75 mg/m2/day. The dose was increased by 25 mg/m2/day/course until clinical response or significant toxicity occurred. The only major toxicity was hematologic, with neutropenia as the most predominant feature. There was one local allergic reaction at the site of injection. No systemic allergic responses were reported. The drug demonstrated significant activity in acute myelomonocytic leukemia with four responses among 19 patients, less activity in acute myelocytic leukemia with two responses among 44 patients, and little activity in acute lymphocytic leukemia with only one partial response among 12 patients. Objective partial responses occurred in ten of 48 patients with solid tumors: two each with Wilms' tumor, lymphoma, and histiocytosis X, and one each with rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. The inclusion of VP-16-213 in combination chemotherapy for childhood acute myelomonocytic leukemia and acute myelocytic leukemia appears indicated in patients relapsing after initial therapy. For solid tumors this is an interim report, with further patient accrual required before specific comments can be made.
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PMID:Phase II study of VP-16-213 in childhood malignant disease: a Children's Cancer Study Group Report. 29 6

All cases of tumours and tumour-like conditions in children 0-14 years reported to the Swedish cancer registry during the period 1958-74 have been studied. The material consists of 3797 individuals on file in this registry. The most common cancer diagnoses in children 0-14 years are leukemia and tumours of the central nervous system (together constituting approximately 58% of all cases). Almost half of the cancers affect children below five years of age. The lowest incidence occurs in the ages 7-8 years, and the highest occurs during the first year of life. The types of tumours below one year of age show a different distribution than in any other age groups. A significant increase in the incidence of childhood cancer occurred, while the mortality rates showed a slight decrease during the period studied. A remarkable increase in the incidence figures was noted concerning tumours of the nervous system, especially in boys. The decrease in the mortality rates was most obvious regarding Wilms' tumour, and leukemia in children 0-4 years of age.
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PMID:Childhood cancer in Sweden, 1958-1974. I. Incidence and mortality. 67 27

The etiology of Hodgkin's disease is complex, as is evident in studies suggesting the importance of horizontal transmission, occupational factors, racial and ethnic background, and familial, genetic factors, or both, including HL-A associations. The present study is of a remarkable kindred in which Hodgkin's disease was histologically verified in two sibships involving second-cousins related through maternal great-grandparents. Cancer of the lung, breast, endometrium, ovary, pancreas, and brain, as well as leukemia and Wilms' tumor, occurred in first and second-degree relatives of the Hodgkin's patients. HL-A haplotypes in patients with Hodgkin's disease in this family showed HL-AB5 or HL-ABW35, an association confirmed in other reports. The findings of associated malignant neoplasms in familial Hodgkin's disease, here and elsewhere in the literature, suggest that in the quest for etiology of Hodgkin's disease one must view the disorder eclectically, with a painstaking search for multiple etiologies, genetic and environmental.
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PMID:Familial Hodgkin's disease and associated cancer. A clinical-pathologic study. 99 Nov 17

A study on the prevalence of cancer at autopsy in Chilean children with special reference to leukaemia, was made. In a series of 15300 consecutive autopsies of Chileans, 70% of deceased patients had an autopsy. Of these 15300 cases (male:female ratio 1:0.92) 6431 were children (0-15 years of age); 90% of deceased children patients had an autopsy. The autopsy population of children and adults is a homogeneous ethnic group, and exhibits a low socioeconomic level. Data on the 6431 post-mortem examinations (1945-1966) came from the atuopsy records of five hospitals (four of them are teaching hospitals) in the city of Santiago. Each one of the leukaemia and solid tumour cases were diagnosed microscopically. In the children population, 54.92% were males and 45.08% were females. Of the 6431 autopsies, 142 exhibited cancer (2.21%), 2.43% being male cases and 1.93% being female cases. The autopsy cases showed a marked excess of boys (73.92%) and girls (69.77%) under 1 year of age. The prevalence of major morphological groups of cancer was as follows: leukaemias 50.70%, intracranial and other neural neoplasms 25.35%, malignant lymphomas, including Hodgkin's disease, 14.07%, and mixed malignant tumours (Wilms' tumour) 4.93%. 4.93%. Acute leukaemias (42.96%), medulloblastoma (7.65%), Hodgkin's disease (6.34%), Wilms' tumour (4.93%), and lymphosarcoma (4.93%) were the most prevalent types of cancer. Leukaemia cases had a corrected male:female ratio of 1:0.61. The prevalence of leukaemia in the atuopsy population was 1.12%.
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PMID:Malignant disease of infancy and childhood with special reference to leukaemia: a survey of 6431 autopsy cases. 126 15

Children suspected with cancers seen during a 5-year period (Jan 1983-Dec 1987) in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH) Calabar, Nigeria were prospectively studied. A total of 60 cases were confirmed in those aged below 15 years with a majority (38.3%) of the children under 3 years. The pattern shows a preponderance of Burkitt's lymphoma followed by nephroblastoma and soft tissue sarcoma as the commonest malignancies. A low relative frequency of leukaemias (8.3%) and no intracranial tumours were encountered. This pattern closely resembles that of other Nigerian reports but contrasts with the situation in Britain and America, with their high leukaemia and intracranial tumour frequency ratios. Generally, there appears to be a low prevalence of malignancies among children in Calabar and presumably the south-eastern part of Nigeria. Difficulties in their management are attributable to late presentation, high patient default rate, complete lack of radiotherapy, and shortage of chemotherapeutic agents.
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PMID:Malignant childhood tumours in Calabar, Nigeria. 130 84

Leukemic cells from seventy patients with various types of human leukemias were examined for expression of the WT1 gene, the Wilms' tumor gene located at chromosome 11p13. WT1 was expressed in 7 of 16 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 15 of 22 with acute myelogenous leukemia and 8 of 10 in blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia. No detectable WT1 RNA was found in chronic leukemias, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, plasma cell leukemia, hairy cell leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase. The expression pattern of WT1 in these human leukemia samples indicates the involvement of this gene in the early stage of hematological cell differentiation.
Leukemia 1992 May
PMID:Expression of the Wilms' tumor gene (WT1) in human leukemias. 131 88


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