Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A number of newly-developed vaccines are available nowadays, whilst others, which are well-established, have been improved. The collection of epidemiological data, however, is equally important in assessing and providing insight into prophylactic measures. The beneficial effects and risks of vaccination may be calculated by special formulae. Changes in the effect of vaccines can be detected by constant reevaluation of the epidemiological situation by means of these formulae. Another possibility lies in the calculation of the borderline number of complications of a certain disease when the risks of the sequelae of the disease or of the vaccination are about equal. Examples of valuable and recommendable vaccinations are vaccination against measles, poliomyelitis, tetanus and tick-borne encephalitis. A follow-up of the case mortality of whooping-cough in Austria over the past 15 years and a consideration of the fatal complications of vacinnation, as quoted by Ehrengut, reveals that the risks of the disease balanced the risks of vaccination with usual vaccines, already in 1971 (1976 with WHO data). A beneficial effect of BCG vaccination is still present, but the influence on mortality figures is very slight only. However, the benefit of BCG may lie in the prevention of deaths from leukaemia observed by some authors. Paraspecific effects of some vaccinations are mentioned. Finally, cost-benefit calculations for Austria are presented in the case of vaccination against measles and mumps, which appear to be highly recommendable, not only from the medical, but also the economic point of view.
 ...
PMID:[Modern trends in vaccination policy: evaluation of benefits, risks and cost (author's transl)]. 10 58

A case of a nine-year-old child with acute lymphocytic leukemia in remission who developed infectious parotitis with uveitis was presented. Ocular complications of mumps have been briefly discussed and the differential diagnosis particularly in relationship to leukemia have been emphasized. The significance of depressed cellular immunity in the development of this complication was entertained.
 ...
PMID:Mumps uveitis complicating the course of acute leukemia. 26 96

67 children affected with acute lympocytic leukemia were immunologically evaluated for lymphocytic markers, serum immunoglobulins and delayed hypersensitivity skin tests at the onset, in remission and after cessation of therapy. E, EA rosettes and surface Ig assayed significantly lower in leukemic children than in matched controls, except for three cases of T-cell leukemia in which E rosettes were very high. After cessation of therapy almost normal results were obtained. As for serum Ig, the only abnormal finding was that of low IgM during therapy. The skin tests with Varidase, Candidine, Mumps antigen and DNCB were not significantly different at onset and in remission. As for DNCB test, the negative responses at onset often became positive in remission, but only when the test was performed before any treatment (anamnestic-like response?). One of the three patients with T-cell leukemia relapsed after 8 months: strangely enough, no surface marker could be detected on that occasion. We could not find any relationship between various immunological tests, or between these tests and prognosis; chemotherapy proved active in suppressing cellular immunity, especially the primary cellular response.
 ...
PMID:Immune status in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia. Observations in 67 cases. 30 63

In the Tri-State Leukemia Survey, the history of diseases in 605 adult male leukemia cases 15 years and older and in 668 adult male population controls was examined. These diseases occurred at least 1 year before leukemia was diagnosed. The data were based on respondents' answers that the disease was diagnosed by a physician; the respondent was either the subject or his spouse. Of 30 diseases studied, 7 showed an excess among the patients with leukemia: infectious hepatitis, eczema, psoriasis, diabetes, arthritis and rheumatism, heart disease, and ankylosing spondylitis. Mumps had a lower reported occurrence among the cases, whereas pneumonia was less frequent in acute lymphatic cases than in population controls. Three diseases occurred significantly less in controls than in persons with specific histologic types of leukemia. Our data revealed a more frequent history of herpes zoster (shingles) in chronic lymphatic leukemia, more hives in acute chronic myeloid cases, and meningitis in acute myeloid leukemia. When we only considered the patients' responses, more of them admitted having had acne than did our controls. The remaining diseases--childhood viral diseases, infectious mononucleosis, smallpox, typhoid fever, dysentery, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, asthma, hay fever, and goiter did not occur more frequently in cases than in controls. The findings were consistent with evidence from previous laboratory and clinical studies. The increased occurrence of infectious hepatitis in our case series is consistent with the findings of other studies showing an increased frequency of Australia antigen in patients with hepatitis, leukemia, and Down's syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of diseases in adult males with leukemia. 99 1

Cryptococcin, streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD), mumps, and purified protein derivative (PPD) were used for skin testing and, with whole killed Cryptococcus neoformans, were used in migration inhibition and lymphocyte transformation assays of control subjects and patients with past or present disseminated C. neoformans infection. Cryptococcin was found to differentiate control subjects grouped by known Cryptococcus exposure. Cryptococcin and C. neoformans were effective in stimulating leukocyte migration inhibition and lymphocyte transformation in the cryptococcin skin test-positive control subjects. Fifteen apparently normal patients who had been cured of cryptococcosis were found, as a group, to have impaired responsiveness to skin testing with cryptococcin and mumps, minimal leukocyte migration inhibition when stimulated with cryptococcin or C. neoformans, but normal group responses to cryptococcin in Cryptococcus-induced lymphocyte transformation. Six patients with known predisposing conditions to disseminated infection (sarcoid, lymphoma, leukemia, steroid therapy) had markedly diminished responses to most skin tests and in vitro assays. It is suggested that the apparently normal individual who develops disseminated cryptococcal infection has subtle defects in cellular immunity that may have antedated and predisposed to infection.
 ...
PMID:Abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity in patients with Cryptococcus neoformans infection. 109 54

A questionnaire investigation among general practitioners revealed that 29% of these were less positive about vaccination for measles, mumps and German measles (MFR vaccination) than for the remainder of the vaccination programme for children. Knowledge about contraindications for MFR vaccination was incomplete. Thus, only 26% of the general practitioners would advise vaccination if the parents stated that the child was hypersensitive to eggs. Only 70-80% of the general practitioners would advise vaccination if the child had cystic fibrosis, hydrocephalus, ventricle septum defect or had a cold but was apyrexial. Conversely, only 74% and 81% replied negatively to recommend vaccination if the child had had a previous anaphylactic reaction to eggs or was receiving treatment for leukemia. The replies given by the general practitioners were compared with present guidelines for contraindications to MFR vaccination and it is concluded that general practitioners should become more familiar with the knowledge about the MFR programme available at present and that further information from the official health authorities is required.
 ...
PMID:[Attitudes to and knowledge of contraindications against measles, mumps and rubella vaccination. (MFR-vaccination) among general practitioners]. 200 14

Adult T cell leukaemia associated antibody (ATLA-Ab) positive people who were considered to be adult T cell leukaemia virus (ATLV) carriers were found in 0.75% of the adult population in the non-endemic area of Nagoya, Japan. Immunological studies on these people revealed that T lymphocyte subpopulations, as defined by nine monoclonal antibodies reactive to T lymphocyte surface antigens including T cell activation antigen, showed no differences between ATLA-Ab positive and ATLA-Ab negative individuals. Only a slightly higher percentage of Ia positive T lymphocytes was found in ATLA-Ab positive persons. Furthermore, the serum IgG level and the antibody titre of cytomegalovirus were significantly increased in ATLA-Ab positive individuals, while serum IgA, IgM level and the antibody titre of herpes simplex virus and mumps virus, showed no differences in both groups. This data suggests the possibility that ATLV carriers have some mild immunological abnormalities.
 ...
PMID:Immunological studies on adult T cell leukaemia virus (ATLV) carriers. 302 81

Forty-one children receiving maintenance treatment for leukemia were vaccinated with inactivated mumps virus, meningococcal polysaccharide groups A and C and polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines. Antibodies against pneumococcal types 3, 18C, 19F and 23F and against meningococcal groups A and C were measured by radioimmunoassay. Mumps antibodies were determined by complement fixation, hemolysis-in-gel and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The antibody responses tended to be lower than those of healthy age-matched controls. The individual responses were unpredictable; the magnitude of the response correlated neither with the age nor sex of the patient, duration of the chemotherapy nor with the prevaccination antibody concentration. Nevertheless, most patients achieved and even exceeded the geometric mean of the antibody concentrations of the healthy children, considered protective against infection.
 ...
PMID:Vaccination of children during treatment for leukemia. 309 61

To test the hypothesis that leukaemia may follow virus infection in pregnancy an analysis was made of deaths which occurred in a cohort of children born in 1951 and 1952 after pregnancies in which the mothers suffered virus infections-chickenpox or mumps at any stage of gestation or rubella in the first 18 weeks. All deaths which occurred between the children's second birthday and the end of 1971 were studied.Two deaths from leukaemia occurred among the children whose mothers suffered from chickenpox, a significant excess. There were no deaths from leukaemia among the other children, but the causes of the two deaths after maternal mumps-Ewing's tumour and Still's disease-are noted because of their rarity.
 ...
PMID:Malignant disease in children whose mothers had chickenpox, mumps, or rubella in pregnancy. 450 53

Eight children with acute leukemia in remission were immunized with live attenuated measles vaccine and 4 with mumps vaccine. Immunological examinations before vaccination showed that the numbers of white blood cells, percentages of lymphocytes, levels of immunoglobulins and responses to skin tests with DNCB, PPD, PHA and varicella antigen were within normal ranges in most of these children. Chemotherapy against leukemia was stopped for 2 weeks, from one week before to one week after vaccination. One child had a transient fever 10 days after measles vaccination, but no side reactions were observed in the others. Seroconversion was observed in all but one child who received measles vaccine, and neutralizing antibodies have persisted for at least 4 weeks and at most 3 years, when this study was terminated.
 ...
PMID:Application of live attenuated measles and mumps vaccines in children with acute leukemia. 734 40


1 2 3 Next >>