Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oxypurine analysis was done in the CSF of 190 children with different diseases. The patients could be divided into four groups: Group A, serving as controls, consisted of 56 children suffering from diseases without neurological signs, for example, leukaemia. 16% of them had raised hypoxanthine values greater than 7.5 mumol/l and 32% raised uric acid values greater than 12.0 mumol/l. Group B comprised 97 children suffering from diseases with neurological signs, for example, meningitis. For these patients the frequency of raised hypoxanthine and uric acid values in the CSF was twice as high as in Group A. Group C comprised 31 patients with different forms of cerebral convulsions. Among these patients 52% had raised hypoxanthine and 70% raised uric acid values. The findings of these patients are described in a previous paper (Manzke et al. 1981). Group D comprises 6 patients from whom CSF samples were taken postmortally. All these deceased patients showed extremely high hypoxanthine + xanthine and uric acid concentrations in their CSF.
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PMID:Oxypurine concentration in the CSF in children with different diseases of the nervous system. 694 88

In Omaha, from 1974 to 79, 30 (12.5%) of 240 patients with Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia or meningitis had a wide variety of conditions known to be associated with increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. Neonates and adults accounted for 47 per cent of the infections. Non-type b and non-typable strains caused 41 per cent of the episodes. Forty-one per cent of patients had bacteremia with no detectable focus of infection. The incidence of meningitis was low. Mortality was 28 per cent, considerably higher than in patients who were previously healthy. A review of the medical literature indicated that low-birth weight infants and patients with leukemia and other malignancies undergoing chemotherapy, splenectomy, congenital asplenia, sickle cell anemia, immunoglobulin deficiency diseases, cerebrospinal fluid shunts, and skull defects are at greater risk for systemic H. influenzae disease than the general population.
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PMID:Systemic Hemophilus influenzae infection. A study of risk factors. 697 94

A shunt infection and meningitis developed in a patient receiving methotrexate intravenously for CNS leukemia. Convulsions and respiratory failure followed the intraventricular administration of 300,000 units of penicillin G potassium. Perfusion with 900 mL of Ringer's lactate removed an amount of penicillin equal to that injected intraventricularly plus some from systemic treatment.
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PMID:CSF perfusion to treat intraventricular penicillin toxicity. 723 74

A review of the hospital records of 71 patients from whose blood viridans streptococci were isolated showed that in 13 cases the patient's illness was definitely related to the bacteremia: 4 patients had endocarditis, 3 had pneumonia, 2 had peritonitis and 1 each had meningitis, a scalp wound infection, sinusitis and otitis media. The bacteremia may have contributed to the two deaths among these 13 patients. In 45 cases the viridans streptococci may have contributed to the patient's illness: 15 patients had an infection of the lower respiratory tract and 7 an infection of the upper respiratory tract, 8 were neonates with suspected septicemia, 3 had soft tissue infections, 3 had leukemia and sepsis, and 9 had miscellaneous infections; the bacteremia was unrelated to the two deaths in this group. In another 13 cases the viridans streptococci could not be related to the patient's illness. The species most frequently isolated were Streptococcus mitis, S. sanguis II and S. MG-intermedius. The outcome of the bacteremia was generally good, even among the 11 patients not treated with antibiotics. When viridans streptococci are cultured from a single blood sample, further samples of blood and, if feasible, specimens from the associated focus of infection should be obtained for culture; further blood cultures are especially important in cases of suspected endocarditis.
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PMID:Bacteremia caused by viridans streptococci in 71 children. 733 84

Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is the major IGF in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), whereas IGF-I is only detectable in trace amounts. The major IGFBPs in CSF are IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4. Normally, IGFBP-3 is a minor component in CSF of healthy subjects, but may be increased in pathological states. We investigated IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 levels by specific RIAs in CSF from patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumor or leukemia and compared them with values in patients with meningitis. Further, as proteolysis of IGFBP-3 is part of the modulation of IGF activity, IGFBP-3 fragmentation was quantified by densitometric analysis of [125I]IGFBP-3 protease assays. We examined CSFs of 23 children with malignant CNS tumors, 18 children with leukemia, and 13 children with meningitis. The CSF from 38 children who received lumbar punctures to exclude meningitis was used to define the normal range for IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-3 protease activity in CSF. CNS tumor and leukemia patients had normal levels of IGF-I and IGF-II in CSF, whereas the IGF-II concentration in CSF of meningitis patients was elevated (P < 0.0001). Only 2 of 13 (15%) meningitis patients had elevation of CSF IGFBP-3 concentrations, despite high numbers of inflammatory cells. By comparison, elevated IGFBP-3 concentrations were found in the CSF of 16 of 23 (70%) CNS tumor patients and 6 of 7 (86%) CNS tumor patients with microscopically detectable malignant cells in CSF. Twelve of 13 (92%) patients with medulloblastoma or ependymoma and all 7 medulloblastoma/ependymoma patients with malignant cells in CSF had elevated IGFBP-3 concentrations. The IGFBP-3 protease activity in CSF was elevated in 15 of 16 (94%) patients with CNS tumors of high grade histological malignancy. Five of 6 patients (83%) with acute leukemia and microscopically detectable malignant cells in CSF at the time of diagnosis showed elevated IGFBP-3 concentrations, with normalization after chemotherapy. Leukemia patients without malignant cells in CSF had normal IGFBP-3 concentrations. We conclude that in CSF of children with highly malignant CNS tumor or CNS leukemia, IGFBP-3 is elevated. This phenomenon could be caused by disruption of the blood-CSF barrier and entry of IGFBP-3 from serum, although this appears unlikely, especially for CNS leukemia. More likely possibilities are 1) local production of IGFBP-3 by CNS tumor tissue and secretion into the CSF, or 2) local production of IGFBP-3 by malignant cells within the CSF.
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PMID:Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), IGF, and IGFBP-3 protease activity in cerebrospinal fluid of children with leukemia, central nervous system tumor, or meningitis. 752 38

Involvement of the central nervous system has important therapeutic implications in acute leukaemia. Because the identification of blast cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is often difficult, there is a need for sensitive markers of leukaemic infiltration. Since the shed form of L-selectin (sL-selectin) is frequently increased in acute leukaemia (sL-selectin+ leukaemia), we examined whether assay of sL-selectin in CSF could improve our ability to detect such meningeal involvement. CSF sL-selectin was significantly (p < 0.001) higher in 15 patients with sL-selectin+ meningeal leukaemia (median 60 ng/mL, range 34-150) than in 20 patients with acute leukaemia without meningeal involvement (12 ng/mL, 1-39) or 88 control patients (14 ng/mL, 0-37). Serial measurements of sL-selectin in patients with sL-selectin+ leukaemic meningitis showed increased CSF concentrations of the cleaved receptor in 4 patients with therapy-resistant meningeal leukaemia and sustained normal concentrations in 9 patients in remission. Our results suggest that CSF sL-selectin may be a useful marker in the detection of meningeal involvement by blast cells in patients with sL-selectin+ leukaemia.
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PMID:Cleaved L-selectin concentrations in meningeal leukaemia. 753 Jul 92

Regulation of circulating iron is important in bacterial, yeast, and fungal infections. In the present study, cerebrospinal fluid levels of ferritin, an iron-binding protein, were determined in controls and in patients with central nervous system pyogenic and viral infections. Among 441 controls, cerebrospinal fluid ferritin level was higher than 18 ng/mL in two relapsed patients with central nervous system leukemia, 12 with bacteremia or pneumonia, and one with hemorrhagic herpes simplex encephalitis. Cerebrospinal fluid ferritin levels were more than 18 ng/mL in 13 of 63 patients diagnosed with nonhemorrhagic aseptic meningitis/ventriculitis, when defined solely by negative cerebrospinal fluid culture. Conversely, cerebrospinal fluid ferritin exceeded 18 ng/mL in culture-proven meningitis (46 of 47 cases) and ventriculitis (five of five cases). Cases of indolent cryptococcus and tuberculous meningitis showed modest increases despite traditional cerebrospinal fluid markers, at times, being normal. Cerebrospinal fluid ferritin levels did not correlate with cerebrospinal fluid neutrophil count, cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration, serum ferritin level, or patient age. In 16 of 19 cases monitored sequentially during ongoing antibiotic treatment, levels remained over 18 ng/mL (average, 15.0 days; range, 1 to 54 days). This observation suggests that obtaining cerebrospinal fluid ferritin levels is helpful whenever traditional laboratory benchmarks normalize, as during acute or chronic antibiotic therapy, or create confusion with positive cultures stemming from sample contamination.
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PMID:A persistent biochemical marker for partially treated meningitis/ventriculitis. 778 15

Fifty-five cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 42 patients with suspected meningeal tumor involvement were reviewed. Cytology in conjunction with immunocytochemistry identified 26 CSF specimens as malignant. There were fifteen cases of lymphoma, four cases of leukemia, two cases of carcinoma, and two cases of melanoma. A monoclonal light chain expression was demonstrated in nine out of eleven B cell lymphomas. The three T-cell lymphomas all expressed pan T markers (CD 3) and two the T-helper antigen (CD 4). One patient had meningeal involvement of a true histiocytic lymphoma which was identified by its large atypical cells which were positive for alpha-1-anti-trypsin and muramidase. In four patients with a primary diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, CSF involvement was confirmed by the demonstration of blasts with CD 10 (cALLA) or light chain restriction. Epithelial or melanocytic markers were demonstrated on the tumor cells in CSF from the remaining four patients. In 29 CSF specimens a diagnosis of reactive lymphocytosis was made using cytomorphology which mostly was characterized by macrophages mixed with small mature lymphoid cells. Immunologic evaluation showed that these mature cells were CD 10 negative T-cells and only few specimens contained polyclonal B-cells. The subsequent clinical course of these patients showed no evidence of CNS malignancy. It is concluded that cytology should be used in conjunction with immunocytochemistry to accurately evaluate CSF specimens from patients with possible malignant meningitis.
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PMID:Diagnosis of lymphoma, leukemia, and metastatic tumor involvement of the cerebrospinal fluid by cytology and immunocytochemistry. 778 40

The Candida species account for approximately three-fourths of fungal infections in patients with cancer. Although Candida albicans is the most frequent cause, C. tropicalis is increasingly implicated as an important pathogen. Over a 12 year period 19 children treated for leukemia at our institution developed C. tropicalis infections. We describe their clinical presentation, extent of fungal infection, treatment, and outcome. Fungemia without meningitis in 11 children was treated successfully, whereas C. tropicalis meningitis in 7 children was uniformly fatal. An additional patient had unsuspected, widespread infection detected at autopsy. Multiple sites, including the cerebrospinal fluid yielded C. tropicalis. Previously reported risk factors including neutropenia, broad-spectrum antibiotic usage, corticosteroid therapy, and total parenteral nutrition were observed in our cases. A high index of suspicion and the early use of aggressive antifungal therapy are critical to the successful management of C. tropicalis infections in children with leukemia.
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PMID:Candida tropicalis infections in children with leukemia. 822 Jan 36

We report the first case of Yersinia enterocolitica meningitis and septicaemia during induction treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The patient was also being treated with recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor and hence pursued an unusually mild clinical course.
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PMID:Yersinia enterocolitica meningitis and septicaemia in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. 826 Sep 5


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