Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two hundred and thirty-four cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 183 different children were analysed for total lactate dehydrogenase (LD) activity and LD isoenzyme distribution. The LD activities were elevated in the CSF of patients with meningitis, especially with bacterial infections, and with central nervous system (CNS) leukaemia. The CSF LD isoenzyme patterns of both groups generally reflected the number and distribution of lymphocytes and granulocytes in the CSF. Increases in CSF LD levels also occurred in patients with other neurological disorders, such as hydrocephalus, raised intracranial pressure, and epileptic seizures. However, no significant increases in CSF LD activity nor abnormality of the isoenzyme distribution were noted in children who had had a non-specific febrile convulsion.
 ...
PMID:Diagnostic significance and source of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in cerebrospinal fluid of children with a variety of neurological disorders. 121 17

A case of Listeria monocytogenes bacteraemia and meningitis with intracerebral abscesses in a girl with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in relapse is reported. The clinical features included subacute onset with fever and marked irritability followed by seizures, meningism and confusion. The pathogen was isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Computerised tomography of the brain showed two intracerebral parenchymal localisations, in the left frontal lobe and in the right occipital lobe, respectively. The patient survived this severe infection without neurological sequelae. 2 months later she underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation without major complications. This case report should alert pediatric oncologists about the possible occurrence of severe intracerebral listerial infections in the immunocompromised child and suggests that this infection can be treated successfully and should not necessarily preclude continuation of antineoplastic treatments.
 ...
PMID:Listeria monocytogenes brain abscesses in a girl with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia after late central nervous system relapse. 182 16

Many kinds of microorganisms can produce toxic septicemia in immunocompromised hosts. We are reporting alpha-hemolytic streptococcal septicemia and meningitis in two children with hematological malignancies. [Case 1] 6 year old girl who had been suffering from acute lymphocytic leukemia. She had sepsis and bacterial meningitis in maintenance-therapy for leukemia. Streptococcus sanguis was isolated from the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). [Case 2] 11 year old girl who had had malignant lymphoma (non-Hodgkin type). She also had sepsis and bacterial meningitis due to Streptococcus mitis which was isolated from blood and CSF in maintenance-therapy. Both cases had been treated with anti-cancer drugs and had severe granulocytopenia. Positive rate of blood cultures during the recent 6 years (1984.1-1989.12) at our department was 6.0% (total number of cultures were 2,019, positive cultures were 121). Strains of 131 bacteria were determined; Gram-positive cocci were 70 strains (53.4%) and Gram-negative rods were 52 strains (39.7%). Fifteen strains (11.5%) of alpha-hemolytic Streptococci were isolated during 6 years. One hundred thirteen cases of septicemia were analysed in medical charts and 12 cases of alpha-hemolytic streptococcal septicemia were observed (5 cases with infective endocarditis and 7 cases in immunocompromised states).
 ...
PMID:[Alpha-hemolytic streptococcal septicemia and meningitis in immunocompromised children]. 191 21

Spontaneous gyriform brightness seen on CT scan is an unusual finding unless associated with arteriovenous malformations (AVM). There are sporadic case reports in the literature of its occurrence in association with herpex simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE), purulent meningitis, following chemotherapy for leukaemia, in a child with chronic renal failure, and in a child with folic acid deficiency. We present a series of seven cases exhibiting this phenomenon, none of whom have AVMs, who have been scanned at this hospital in the first 2 1/2 years following the installation of a CT scanner. Four of the cases had congenital heart disease requiring corrective surgery or cardiac catheterisation. The other three had probable meningo-encephalitis. In all cases the gyriform brightness followed an ischaemic insult to the child's brain. We hypothesise that this phenomenon is an ischaemic response in the immature brain and that its occurrence is not so rare as the literature may suggest.
 ...
PMID:Transient gyriform brightness on non-contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) brain scan of seven infants. 204 56

Among patients examined at the Central Laboratory of Yokohama City University Hospital over the 25 years from 1965 to 1989, those whose clinical samples showed Cryptococcus were studied in greater detail. The following findings were obtained. Of 16 patients who were found to have cryptococcosis, 14 (87.5%) were treated at the department of internal medicine, and one each at the departments of neurosurgery and dermatology. A study of these patients in terms of clinical type revealed 10 patients (62.5%) with meningitis, two with pneumonia and one with sepsis. The remaining three patients had complicated diseases: meningitis with sepsis, pneumonia with cutaneous cryptococcosis, or pleuritis with sepsis. Underlying disease, including liver cirrhosis, leukemia, multiple myeloma, malignant lymphoma and collagen disease, was found in 6 patients (37.5%), who were all from the department of internal medicine. All patients but one were given antimycotic agents. They were treated by a combination therapy except for three patients who received single amphotericin B (AMPH) therapy. The most frequent combination was AMPH + 5-flucytosine (5-FC), which was found in 7 cases. Seven patients (43.4%) died, three males and four females. Analysis of these cases in terms of clinical type revealed meningitis in four, and pneumonia, sepsis, or pleuritis complicated with sepsis in the remaining three patients. Four patients (57.1%) had underlying diseases. In addition, eleven strains isolated from the specimens were examined for serotypes and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using three types of antimycotic agents. Serotypes of Cryptococcus neoformans were all A and the MIC was 0.1-0.39 micrograms/ml for AMPH, 0.05-0.2 micrograms/ml for 5-FC and 0.2-0.78 micrograms/ml for miconazole (MCZ).
 ...
PMID:[Mycological and clinical study of cryptococcosis in Yokohama City University Hospital during the period from 1965 to 1989]. 207 57

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a rare and fatal deep fungus infection occurring in debilitated patients. Its reports have been recently increased because of the increase of such conditions as uncontrolled diabetics, leukemia, and cancer. A 60-year-old male suffering from continuous headache and fever was diagnosed as meningitis, and repeated culture of cerebrospinal fluid was negative. Antibiotic therapy was ineffective. CT scan revealed brain abscess in the right frontal lobe and bone defect over the right posterior ethmoidal sinuses. Both maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses were operated on 38 years ago. The patient was suspected to have rhinologic brain abscess. We intended to remove the source of infection in the right posterior ethmoidal sinuses beneath the base of the skull and to repair the defect of dura mater. The operation was tried on the 6th hospital day. There was a cyst in the posterior ethmoidal sinuses and an intact denuded dura mater over the cyst. The causative organism was not detected by smear test, bacteriological and fungal culture. He relapsed into lethargy, and died on the 21st hospital day due to the vast cerebral infarction. Autopsy revealed rhinocerebral mucormycosis. The literature on this disease was also reviewed and discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Phinocerebral mucormycosis--report of a case]. 229 52

Twenty patients with leukemic (8) or lymphomatous (12) meningitis and cranial nerve palsies were treated with cranial irradiation at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from June 1987 through December 1988. The diagnosis of malignant meningitis was confirmed by malignant or 'suspicious' cerebrospinal fluid cytology in 13/20 patients. The 6th and 7th cranial nerves were most commonly involved. Multiple nerve involvement was present in 11/20 patients, for a total of 42 nerves affected. Treatment consisted of whole brain irradiation to a median dose of 2400 cGy (range: 1000-3000) at 200-300 cGy per fraction. Median survival was 7 months. Forty of 42 nerves improved, for an actuarial response rate of 95% at 3 months. The complete response rate was 44% and was better for patients with lymphoma than for those with leukemia (72% vs 19%, p = 0.04). Delaying initiation of irradiation more than 3 days after the onset of symptoms did not affect the ultimate response rate, but slightly increased the median time to response (9 days vs 14 days, p = 0.1). Radiation therapy is an effective means of reversing cranial nerve dysfunction in leukemia and lymphoma. Higher doses may be needed to increase the rate of complete response.
 ...
PMID:Reversal of cranial nerve dysfunction with radiation therapy in adults with lymphoma and leukemia. 239 21

In the period from 1980-86 we obtained 51 strains of Listeria from meningitis in adults for serotyping and phage-typing. Ten strains were associated with meningitis and 3 with septicaemia of immunocompromised patients. They suffered from leukaemia, diabetes, Hodgkin's disease, alcoholism, lupus erythematodes. The lethality rate in these patients was 70%, in other patients with meningitis 30%. Phage typing has shown that 4b strains were often determined by the phage-code 00010 and similar codes. This phage-pattern might be specific for meningitis strains. The immunocomprised patient is especially endangered in taking up listeriae from the environment, but it must also be in consideration that listeriae may easy gain access from the gut into the vessels.
 ...
PMID:Listeria-meningitis and -septicaemia in immunocompromised patients. 251 62

To focus attention on the problem of infant mortality in Lebanon, data were compiled on infant mortality from 1978 to 1986 at the American University of Beirut Medical Center. Causes of death are analyzed for 602 males and 398 females. 54.9% deaths occurred at 1 month of age and 77.4% died within the 1st year. Autopsies were performed on .7%. 37.7% of all neonatal deaths were due to neonatal diseases such as hyaline membrane disease, asphyxia neonatorum, immaturity, necrotizing enterocolitis, hemorrhage, hemolysis, meconium aspiration, and kernicterus. Better prenatal care would reduce this group, or the administration of corticosteroids to the mother 24-48 hours prior to delivery, as well as rapid resuscitation at birth and prevention of the 5 curses: hypoxemia, hypoglycemia, hypothermia, hypotension, and acidosis. Although unavailable in Lebanon, administration of surfactants through an endotracheal tube would also help. Infections constitute 25.1% of deaths; many are preventable through adequate public health measures and strict personal hygiene, i.e., diseases such as sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, gastroenteritis, hepatitis, encephalitis, and 1-2 cases of the following: diphtheria, measles, peritonitis, tetanus, tuberculosis, cytomegalis inclusion, herpes, parathyphoid, pertussis, poliomyelitis, and shigellosis. Congenital diseases were 21.6%. In utero diagnosis could prevent some diseases and in utero treatment is possible for hydrocephalus and hydronephrosis. Screening programs postnatally could lead to treatment. 5.9% were malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma, brain tumors, histocytosis, Wilm's tumor, Ewing sarcoma, and Hodgkin's disease. Early diagnosis is critical if mortality is to be reduced in this group, but medical advances are still needed. 2.9% are miscellaneous diseases such as poisoning, rheumatic diseases, marasmus, Reye's syndrome, nephrosis, rickets, and epilepsy. Most of these diseases are preventable, except for rheumatic inflammation of the heart. Recommended necessary steps to reduce infant mortality are: prenatal care, diagnosis and screening, intrauterine surgery; resuscitation and intensive care centers with modern equipment and trained personnel; national vaccination and screening programs; adequate public health measures and hygiene; parental education; and well-equipped hospitals to serve all regardless of income level.
 ...
PMID:Pediatric mortality: an avoidable tragedy. 251 28

We report the first outbreak of Acinetobacter species meningitis in a group of children with acute leukaemia following the administration of intrathecal chemotherapy. Eight of twenty patients receiving methotrexate injections on a single day developed signs and symptoms of meningitis within 18 h of treatment, and cases were clustered by time of administration. A cohort study comparing case and non-case patients did not identify any specific host factor associated with meningitis. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of five patients; three patients died. Our investigation determined that the methotrexate was extrinsically contaminated by reused needles, used for reconstitution and administration, which had been inadequately sterilized. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus was isolated from an autoclaved needle and a vial of methotrexate used for chemotherapy; these and the clinical isolates had similar antibiograms. After introduction of single-use disposable needles no subsequent cases occurred.
 ...
PMID:Epidemic iatrogenic Acinetobacter spp. meningitis following administration of intrathecal methotrexate. 257 5


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>