Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1958-74 altogether 64 cases of bacteriologically verified infections of Listeria monocytogenes were diagnosed in Sweden in children, aged more than 27 days, and in adults. Immunosuppression predisposed to the disease. Thus, many patients had co-existing disorders, such as leukemia and alcoholism. Sixteen patients had been treated with corticosteroids, which were combined with cytostatic drugs in nine. Meningoencephalitis was diagnosed in 52 patients and was fatal in 16. The clinical symptoms did not differ from those in purulent meningitis caused by other bacteria. In the cerebrospinal fluid the cellular response was dominated by polymorphonuclear cells in 29 patients and by mononuclear cells in 20. Ten patients had septicemia, which was fatal in four. Clinical symptoms were dominated by chills, high fever and general prostration. One patient had pleurisy and one an abscess of the neck; both recovered. Serotypes 1 and 4b prevailed and were equally common. Many patients developed raised antibody titers in both the O-agglutination test and the complement fixation test. The titers were often not positive until after a month. Moderate granulocytosis was the rule and monocytosis was rarely seen. Ampicillin alone or combined with an aminoglycoside seemed to be the drug of choice in the treatment of listeriosis. An alternative drug was tetracycline. Most deaths occurred within six days of onset of the illness. Early diagnosis and treatment were imperative. Most patients recovered and serious sequelae were rare.
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PMID:Clinical aspects on 64 cases of juvenile and adult listeriosis in Sweden. 10 52

A fifty-year old patient was treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. One month after a complete remission, a syndrome suggesting chronic myeloid leukemia led the authors to study the marrow karyotype which revealed the existence of a Philadelphia chromosome. A second lymphoblastic attack occurred rapidly and a second complete remission was easily obtained. A few weeks later, occurred lymphoblastic meningitis. A new cytogenetic study then showed duplication of the Philadelphia chromosome. One may imagine that the initial attack represented acute lymphoid transformation of chronic myloid leukemia. The theoretical and practical significance of this case is discussed.
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PMID:[Inagural lymphoblatic transformation in chronic myeloid leukemia. Clinical and cytogenetic study of one case]. 20 44

Two children who presented initially with a lymphoid malignancy were noted to develop recurrences with myeloid features late in the course of their disease. In both cases, evidence of lymphoid differentiation was present in the myelogenous cells that were Ph1 chromosome negative. The first patient had acute myelogenous leukemia and developed a recurrence with morphologic features of acute myelogenous leukemia. Terminal transferase was present in the myelogenous blasts. The second patient initially had a diffuse lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma. During the course of her illness she developed a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by basophilic meningitis, splenomegaly, and hypereosinophilia. Lymphocyte T-cell (E-rosette) markers were present on the eosinophils. These observations lend further support to the hypothesis of varying lymphoid and myeloid differentiation in certain cases of leukemia.
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PMID:Myelogenous leukemia evolving during the course of lymphoid malignancy in children. 29 24

One hundred fifteen episodes of bacteremia occurred among 2790 children with malignancies hospitalized during a 45-month period. The mean age was 9.3 years with a male predilection (62%). A greater (p less than .025) number of children over 10 years of age died with bacteremia when compared to younger children. The majority of episodes occurred in children with leukemia (56%); however, once bacteremia developed, a significantly (p less than .05) greater number of children with lymphoma died when compared to children with other malignancies. Absolute polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts were greater in survivors (p less than .025) than in children who died. Thirty-seven different microorganisms were isolated with E. coli, S. Aureus, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae accounting for 50% of the episodes. Anaerobes were isolated from blood of 12 (10%) children. Twelve children had polymicrobial bacteremia and 14 had recurrent bacteremia which occurred during antibiotic therapy. Mortality (78%) in these children was significantly (p less than .001) greater then in children from whom one microorganism was isolated (47%). Interesting aspects include the resurgence of S. aureus, failure of development of meningitis in children with bacteremia, and unchanged antibiotic susceptibility since the last review of bacteremia in this institution. Polymicrobial and recurrent bacteremia necessitate obtaining simultaneous and sequential blood cultures to facilitate administration of appropriate antimicrobial therapy until bone marrow function improves.
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PMID:Current concepts of bacteremia in children with malignancies. 38 11

Four patients with Bacteroides fragilis bacteremia, one patient with a brain abscess due to Bacteroides species, Fusobacterium naviforme, and Peptostreptococcus species, and an infant with Bacteroides species ventriculitis and meningitis were treated with metronidazole. In all cases the anaerobic pathogens were eradicated. Five of the six patients recovered. One patient with leukemia in whom B fragilis bacteremia was eradicated by metronidazole treatment subsequently died of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia. Ventricular fluid and serum concentrations of metronidazole were determined in the case of meningitis and are reported.
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PMID:Metronidazole therapy of anaerobic bacteremia, meningitis, and brain abscess. 43 70

Implantable drug-delivery systems are being developed to release drugs to the bloodstream continuously as well as free patients from being hospitalized to receive intravenous infusions or frequent injections. One technique is implantation of a pellet in the subcutaneous tissue so the pellet may be released by erosion. Drugs are also diffused through silicone rubber capsules but only polyacrylamide is able to release large molecules. Contraceptive rings containing progesterone and placed in the uterus or vagina and implanted silicone-rubber capsules use these principles. Disadvantages to the subcutaneous delivery of drugs include: 1) release of the drug in subcutaneous tissue rather than in the bloodstream directly; 2) entry into the circulatory system is controlled by surrounding blood supplies which vary with fat; 3) diffusion may be difficult due to dense layers of fibrous tissue; and 4) drug amounts cannot be readily regulated. The Ommaya reservoir uses a container with a self-sealing membrane implanted in the scalp and connected to a cerebral ventricle to treat forms of leukemia and fungal meningitis. Another development is an implantable disk-shaped infusion pump with 2 compartments, the outer one containing a propellant and the inner chamber containing the drug, holds 45 milliliters and releases about 1 milliliter/day. In the future these systems may release drugs in response to biochemical feedback or deliver a drug to 1 specific area.
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PMID:Implantable drug-delivery systems. 50 81

In forty-five children the hypoxanthine concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured (fifty-two samples). In newborn infants (nineteen patients) the hypoxanthine levels were higher in patients with clinical conditions associated with hypoxia (idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, asphyxia, apneic attacks) than in patients without clinical hypoxia (P less than 0.01). In hypoxic patients the hypoxanthine concentration varied between 5 and 28 mu mol/l. In children outside the neonatal period the hypoxanthine concentration in CSF varied considerably in different diseases. High levels were registered in meningitis prior to treatment, febrile convulsions and in lymphoblastic leukaemia, probably reflecting tissue hypoxia and an increased tissue catabolism.
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PMID:Hypoxanthine in cerebrospinal fluid in children. 70 28

Three cases of unusual traumatic spinal cord injuries are reported. The cases were referred to the neurosurgical unit of Nancy, one tetraplegia and one paraplegia caused by transfixing wounds which were overlooked after the injury. The transfixing wound caused an associated meningitis with tetraplegia, and in the second case the initial small plural effusion associated with paraplegia even, in a very short while, evoked a possible diagnosis of leukaemia amongst others, until the knowledge of trauma had been ascertained, the child being then immediately transferred to the neurosurgical unit. Spanking, in the last case, was the cause of an important luxation of T12-L1, at first with a complete paraplegia, and was associated with the fact that the child was only seen a few days after by a doctor and immediately referred. The child made a full recovery from his paraplegia.
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PMID:Three unusual cases of spinal cord injury in childhood. 73 82

Central nervous system infections in patients with cancer at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1971 to 1974 were surveyed and compared with a previous survey from 1955 to 1970. The two periods were similar in that: 1) There was a high incidence of CNS infection in patients with lymphoma, leukemia, and head and spine tumors, 2) specific organisms tended to infect patients with certain primary neoplasms, and 3) fungal infections were common and difficult to diagnose. The two periods differed in that: 1) the overall incidence of CNS infection was lower in 1971 to 1974, 2) there was a decreased incidence of cryptococcal meningitis, and 3) there was an increase in Listeria monocytogenes meningitis. Early recognition of CNS infection and aggressive therapy appears to increase survival.
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PMID:Central nervous system infections in patients with cancer. Changing patterns. 88 May 55

In the Tri-State Leukemia Survey, the history of diseases in 605 adult male leukemia cases 15 years and older and in 668 adult male population controls was examined. These diseases occurred at least 1 year before leukemia was diagnosed. The data were based on respondents' answers that the disease was diagnosed by a physician; the respondent was either the subject or his spouse. Of 30 diseases studied, 7 showed an excess among the patients with leukemia: infectious hepatitis, eczema, psoriasis, diabetes, arthritis and rheumatism, heart disease, and ankylosing spondylitis. Mumps had a lower reported occurrence among the cases, whereas pneumonia was less frequent in acute lymphatic cases than in population controls. Three diseases occurred significantly less in controls than in persons with specific histologic types of leukemia. Our data revealed a more frequent history of herpes zoster (shingles) in chronic lymphatic leukemia, more hives in acute chronic myeloid cases, and meningitis in acute myeloid leukemia. When we only considered the patients' responses, more of them admitted having had acne than did our controls. The remaining diseases--childhood viral diseases, infectious mononucleosis, smallpox, typhoid fever, dysentery, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, asthma, hay fever, and goiter did not occur more frequently in cases than in controls. The findings were consistent with evidence from previous laboratory and clinical studies. The increased occurrence of infectious hepatitis in our case series is consistent with the findings of other studies showing an increased frequency of Australia antigen in patients with hepatitis, leukemia, and Down's syndrome.
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PMID:Epidemiology of diseases in adult males with leukemia. 99 1


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