Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A monoclonal antibody (GC 302) established in our laboratory, which was reactive with gastric carcinoma and other epithelial carcinoma but not with normal gastric mucosa or other malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin, was used to investigate the radioimmunolocalization of tumors. Various kinds of target cells (5 X 10(5)) were incubated with 125I-labeled GC 302, and radioactivity was determined with a gamma counter. It was shown that there was a 500- to 1,000-fold increase in counts for gastric carcinoma (NUGC-2, NUGC-4, MKN-28 and MKN-45) as compared to those of normal lymphocytes and about 100-fold increase as compared to melanoma or leukemia. These findings were consistent with those obtained from the study of immunohistochemistry using GC 302. An in vitro assay was also carried out using nude mice bearing gastric cancer and inoculated with 125I-labeled GC 302. There was a 2- to 3-fold increase in radioactivity in the tumor and a 4- to 5-fold increase as compared with the visceral organs. Although the tumor:blood ratio was relatively low, radioimmunoscintigraphy could be done successfully with the aid of computed radiography. We thus conclude that further testing of GC 302 is worthwhile to establish whether or not it is useful for radioimmunoscintigraphy of metastatic lesions of gastric cancer for possible clinical application.
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PMID:Radioimmunoscintigraphy of human gastric carcinoma xenografts with 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody. 309 21

A monoclonal antibody specific for a modified nucleoside, 1-methyladenosine, was prepared and characterized. This antibody, termed AMA-2, reacts with 1-methyladenosine and 1-methyladenine but not with other nucleosides, particularly methylated adenosines other than 1-methyladenosine and methylated guanosines, tested in this investigation. In our experiments, AMA-2 was used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for the quantitation of the levels of 1-methyladenosine in urine. Sensitivity was in the picomole range and accuracy was nearly equal to that of the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay system. Urinary levels of 1-methyladenosine in healthy donors and patients with various advanced cancers were determined by the inhibition ELISA. The amount of 1-methyladenosine in urine of 33 healthy donors was 1.91 +/- 0.66 nmol/mumol creatinine. In 54% (51/94) of patients, urinary 1-methyladenosine was elevated above the mean plus 2 standard deviations for the healthy donors (3.23 nmol/mumol creatinine). In patients with leukemia, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, and bladder cancer, urinary levels of 1-methyladenosine were significantly elevated. In patients with leukemia, urinary 1-methyladenosine levels changed almost in parallel with the change in the clinical response during chemotherapy. These results suggest that urinary 1-methyladenosine might be useful in monitoring the effectiveness of therapy.
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PMID:Preparation of a monoclonal antibody specific for 1-methyladenosine and its application for the detection of elevated levels of 1-methyladenosine in urines from cancer patients. 314 1

The risk of cancer associated with a broad range of organ doses was estimated in an international study of women with cervical cancer. Among 150,000 patients reported to one of 19 population-based cancer registries or treated in any of 20 oncology clinics, 4188 women with second cancers and 6880 matched controls were selected for detailed study. Radiation doses for selected organs were reconstructed for each patient on the basis of her original radiotherapy records. Very high doses, on the order of several hundred gray, were found to increase the risk of cancers of the bladder [relative risk (RR) = 4.0], rectum (RR = 1.8), vagina (RR = 2.7), and possibly bone (RR = 1.3), uterine corpus (RR = 1.3), cecum (RR = 1.5), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (RR = 2.5). For all female genital cancers taken together, a sharp dose-response gradient was observed, reaching fivefold for doses more than 150 Gy. Several gray increased the risk of stomach cancer (RR = 2.1) and leukemia (RR = 2.0). Although cancer of the pancreas was elevated, there was no evidence of a dose-dependent risk. Cancer of the kidney was significantly increased among 15-year survivors. A nonsignificant twofold risk of radiogenic thyroid cancer was observed following an average dose of only 0.11 Gy. Breast cancer was not increased overall, despite an average dose of 0.31 Gy and 953 cases available for evaluation (RR = 0.9); there was, however, a weak suggestion of a dose response among women whose ovaries had been surgically removed. Doses greater than 6 Gy to the ovaries reduced breast cancer risk by 44%. A significant deficit of ovarian cancer was observed within 5 years of radiotherapy; in contrast, a dose response was suggested among 10-year survivors. Radiation was not found to increase the overall risk of cancers of the small intestine, colon, ovary, vulva, connective tissue, breast, Hodgkin's disease, multiple myeloma, or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. For most cancers associated with radiation, risks were highest among long-term survivors and appeared concentrated among women irradiated at relatively younger ages.
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PMID:Radiation dose and second cancer risk in patients treated for cancer of the cervix. 318 29

Findings of the People's Republic of China (PRC) Cancer Mortality Survey were reviewed for historic background, implications for etiologic-interventive clues, and transitional experience among Chinese migrants. Rates, calculated using the 10% sample census, were all age-adjusted. Cancer comprised about 10% of total deaths, with stomach cancer as the top killer. Minority rates, adjusted to the 1964 China population, ranged from 26.7 (Miao) to 127.5 (Kazak). Multiple high-risk areas were noted for cancer of the esophagus and other sites, and urban rates exceeded those for rural areas. The transitional experience among U.S. Chinese was examined at geographic-generational levels. Among U.S. Chinese, downward trends were found for cancers known as to be high-risk for Asian-Chinese (nasopharynx, esophagus, liver, uterus, and perhaps stomach). The reverse was true for low-risk sites (colon, lung leukemia, and female breast). Lung and colorectal cancers among females were the only major sites for which foreign-born Chinese had higher rates than U.S.-born.
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PMID:The National Mortality Survey of China: implications for cancer control and prevention. 324 26

A total of 3392 professional drivers in London were followed up in a prospective mortality study. There were significantly fewer deaths than expected from all causes (SMR 91, p less than 0.05), circulatory disease (SMR 75, p less than 0.05), and accidents (SMR 61, p less than 0.05). Lorry drivers showed excess deaths from stomach cancer (SMR 141, p less than 0.05), lung cancer (SMR 159, p less than 0.05), bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma (SMR 143, p less than 0.05), a pattern not evident among taxi drivers. Mortality from bladder cancers, leukaemia, and other lymphatic cancers were raised in taxi drivers, though the results did not achieve statistical significance. The importance of the findings is discussed.
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PMID:Professional drivers in London: a mortality study. 339 84

Neuroblastoma (NB) arises from primitive sympathetic neuroblasts in the adrenal gland or the sympathetic ganglion. NB in situ, sometimes observed in the adrenal glands of autopsied infants, is considered to be a premalignant lesion that may develop into NB. Little is understood about the morphological and biochemical changes that accompany this malignant progression. In this study, a unique monoclonal antibody, KP-NAC8, raised against a human NB cell line is described. This binds to NB cells but not to fetal neuroblasts. The antibody recognizes a Mr 200,000 surface protein on NB cells. KP-NAC8 binds to 15 of 17 human NB cell lines and all 26 fresh NB samples either from tumor tissues or from marrow aspirates involved with tumor. The antibody was found to cross-react with some other tumor cell lines, namely, Ewing's sarcoma (1 of 2), melanoma (1 of 4), lung cancer (3 of 3), and leukemia (2 of 14) cell lines. However, KP-NAC8 did not bind to any rhabdomyosarcoma (0 of 4), Wilms' tumor (0 of 4), retinoblastoma (0 of 2), glioma (0 of 4), and gastric cancer (0 of 2) cell lines examined. Among fetal tissues, KP-NAC8 did not react with normal neuroblasts in the adrenal glands of 5 fetuses. In a further study, the membrane phenotype of fetal adrenal neuroblasts was analyzed by a panel of 12 monoclonal antibodies including KP-NAC8. A comparison of the binding of the same panel of antibodies to fresh NB revealed that antibodies UJ13A, UJ127:11, PI153/3, anti-Thy-1, A2B5, BA-1, BA-2, HSAN1.2, and Leu-7 bound to both fetal adrenal neuroblasts and NB cells. Monoclonal antibodies OKIa-1 and J5 did not bind to either tissues. The only antibody that could distinguish fetal adrenal neuroblasts from NB cells was KP-NAC8. KP-NAC8 may, therefore, define a differentiation-related antigen that may prove helpful in understanding the biological nature of NB and NB in situ.
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PMID:Cell surface membrane antigen present on neuroblastoma cells but not fetal neuroblasts recognized by a monoclonal antibody (KP-NAC8). 356 10

This paper concerns the analysis of the rank correlation between salt quantity sold (SQS) to the Henan inhabitants from 1964-66, 1974-76 and their mortality rates for oesophageal cancer and gastric cancer in 1974-76. Both sets of data were in agreement with each other, and were consistent with the geographical distribution of these two diseases. Correlation coefficients derived from such analysis were as follows: oesophageal cancer in males--0.61 (p less than 0.01); and in females--0.47 (p less than 0.01); gastric cancer in males--0.63 (p less than 0.01), and in females--0.54 (p less than 0.01). SQS was positively correlated with mortality rates for oesophageal cancer and gastric cancer whereas it was not correlated with cancers of the liver, lung cancer and leukaemia in males and cervical cancer in females. There was no significant difference between the relevant parameters of the high incidence area and those of the low incidence area. These findings show that salt intake such as salty vegetables and cured meat might be one of the risk factors inducing oesophageal and gastric cancers.
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PMID:Correlation between high salt intake and mortality rates for oesophageal and gastric cancers in Henan Province, China. 361 Apr 44

Four hundred and sixty-five male and 159 female consecutive autopsy cases of lung cancer, autopsied over the 27 years from 1958 to 1984, were analysed and were compared with other materials and mortality statistics, including statistics from other countries. Malignant tumor autopsy cases are gradually increasing and now comprise more than 60% of total autopsy cases. The percentage of lung cancer cases among all autopsy cases was 7% in males and 4% in females. The percentage of lung cancer in autopsies of patients with malignancies was about 13% for males and 9% for females. The most frequent fatal malignant tumors were gastric cancer, lung cancer, and leukemia. The relative incidence of gastric cancer was decreasing, while that of lung cancer was increasing. In the distribution of the histological types of lung cancer, adenocarcinomas were the most frequent types in both sexes. As has been noted in mortality statistics, we noticed a gradual shift in the peak age of lung cancer autopsy cases towards older patients. During the period under study, the peak shifted from patients in their sixties to patient in their seventies; this was true for most of the major histological types in both sexes. The male/female ratio of all lung cancer cases was 2.9, which was much lower than the ratio found in the United States and Europe, and very similar to the ratio of the mortality rates in Japan and other Asian countries. It was pointed out that the male/female ratios by age-group in each country is a very good reflection of the histological distribution.
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PMID:An autopsy study of lung cancer in University of Tokyo for the last 27 years, from 1958 to 1984, with special reference to the characteristics of lung cancer in Japan. 368 24

Second malignancies were observed in 181 cases after treatment of antecedent breast cancer, among 5,302 primary breast cancer cases. The accumulated incidence of double cancer was as follows: 2.8% for 5 years, 5.2% for 10 years, 7.6% for 15 years, and 10.0% for 20 years. The observed incidence of second malignancy for all sites was 1.58 times as frequent as in the normal group. Statistically significant increased risks were observed for opposite breast cancer (O/E ratio 5.92), ovarian cancer (O/E ratio 4.47), corpus uterine cancer (O/E ratio 5.97) and thyroid cancer (O/E ratio 5.07). Among 5,302 cases, 2,431 (45.9%) underwent adjuvant chemotherapy. In chemotherapy groups, significantly increased risk of stomach cancer, thyroid cancer, leukemia and hepatoma was observed, but there were no remarkable differences between the MMC group and the CPA group. However, in the MMC + CPA combination treatment group, the risk of stomach cancer and leukemia was higher than in the single drug treatment groups. When multiple drugs were administered in large doses as long-term adjuvants, the risk of second malignancy seemed to become greater.
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PMID:[Effects of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer on the incidence of a second malignancy]. 372 65

In an effort to establish a survival curve model which could help to evaluate adjuvant therapy, two equations were presented to approximate the various clinical curves. These curves usually show three different segments, describing high-risk, intermediate-risk and low-risk groups. The percentage of patients and the annual mortality in each risk group can be calculated from the coefficients of the equation. The present study analysed the survival curves of variously treated uterine cancer and stomach cancer after resection on the one hand, and of adjuvant therapy of breast cancer, malignant melanoma and acute lymphoid leukaemia on the other hand. This method of analysis should be useful for understanding and comparison of curves of phase III trials.
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PMID:Comparison of clinical protocols through the mathematical results analysis of survival curves. 373 55


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