Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We observed adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) associated with cancer in four of 46 patients with ATL, including gastric cancer in two, lung cancer in one, and esophageal and gingival cancer in one. The associated cancer was recognized in three of these patients prior to the diagnosis of ATL and, in one, at autopsy. One patient suffered from a skin type of ATL, two a smoldering type and one a chronic type. No information was obtained from our patients presented here as to whether HTLV-1 influenced the appearance of other cancers, or whether the treatment for cancers influenced the appearance of ATL. Further investigations are necessary to clarify the relationship between ATL and associated cancers.
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PMID:[Adult T-cell leukemia associated with cancer]. 254 56

A cohort study has been carried out of 2876 men and women with potential exposure to ethylene oxide. Subjects were identified from employment records at four companies that have produced or used ethylene oxide since the 1950s and at eight hospitals which have had ethylene oxide sterilising units since the 1960s. The cohort represents a substantial proportion of the British workforce with a history of occupational exposure to ethylene oxide. Industrial hygiene data were not available before 1977, but since then time weighted average exposures have been less than 5 ppm in almost all jobs and less than 1 ppm in many. Past exposures were probably somewhat higher. In contrast to some previous studies, no clear excess of leukaemia (three deaths observed, 2.09 expected) and no increase in stomach cancer (five deaths observed, 5.95 expected) were found. This discrepancy with earlier reports may be due in part to differences in levels of exposure. Total cancer mortality was similar to that expected from national and local death rates. Some specific cancers showed small excesses but their relevance to ethylene oxide exposure is doubtful. Again, contrary to some earlier reports, no excess of cardiovascular disease was found. This study does not exclude the possibility that ethylene oxide is a human carcinogen but suggests that any risk of cancer from currently permitted occupational exposures is small.
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PMID:Workers exposed to ethylene oxide: a follow up study. 261 Nov 60

A computer-based file of all Veterans Administration (VA) hospitalisation records for the period 1969-1985 was used to identify and follow for cancer development a cohort of 5,161 white males with pernicious anaemia. A total of 34,915 person-years were accrued, with an average length of follow-up of 6.8 years. A total of 481 cancers were diagnosed, slightly higher than the number expected (SIR = 1.2). Significant excesses were observed for cancers of the buccal cavity and pharynx (1.8) and stomach (3.2), and for melanoma (2.1), multiple myeloma (2.1), myeloid leukaemia (3.7) and other and unspecified leukaemia (4.0). Although the excess for stomach cancer was highest in the first year after diagnosis in a VA hospital, risks of 2-fold or greater persisted throughout the study period. The majority of leukaemias occurred in the first year of follow-up, but some excess risk continued beyond this time. The elevated risk of buccal and pharyngeal cancers may relate to heavy alcohol intake among this population, although risks remained high even when the cohort was restricted to patients without an admission for alcoholism. Although an elevated risk of stomach cancer among pernicious anaemia patients is consistent with most previous surveys, the low absolute risk suggests that the cost-effectiveness of intensive screening should be reassessed.
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PMID:Cancer risk following pernicious anaemia. 273 18

During a 15-month period, we used in vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) infusion to study cell kinetics in 112 consecutive patients with various types of malignant tumours: acute leukaemia (50 patients), gastric cancer (42) and brain gliomas (20). The in vivo BUDR method requires that a single tumour sample be taken 4-6 h after infusion and that bivariate flow cytometry (FCM) be employed to measure simultaneously the percentage of BUDR-labelled cells (which are identified with a green fluorescent anti-BUDR monoclonal antibody) and their mean DNA content (following propidium iodide staining). This technique rapidly furnishes the labelling index (LI) and the DNA synthesis time (TS), from which the tumour potential doubling time (Tpot) and production rate (fractional turnover rate, FTR) are calculated. The procedure took 6-9 h to complete and there was no immediate toxicity from BUDR administration. Successful LI and TS determinations were obtained in 89 (80%) and 80 (72%) of the 112 patients, respectively. Correlations were sought between kinetic parameters and a number of pathological and clinical ones. In 34 patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemias who were uniformly treated for remission (CR) induction and maintenance, proliferative activity, as measured by Tpot and FTR, was greater in responsive than in non-responsive patients, and in those who experienced CR for over 8 months than in those who had a shorter CR. Proliferative activity was also greater in patients with advanced gastric cancers than in those with more limited disease. No correlations between kinetic and clinical and pathological parameters were found in gliomas. These data indicate the in vivo BUDR infusion coupled with FCM measurements can be performed in clinical settings to obtain kinetic data rapidly in quite large patient series. This will probably allow the inclusion of kinetic data in clinical trials aimed at evaluating the prognostic relevance of these data.
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PMID:Cell kinetics in leukaemia and solid tumours studied with in vivo bromodeoxyuridine and flow cytometry. 273 27

Through ecological analyses and case-control studies, the possible relation of gastric cancer and leukaemia to dibromochloropropane (DBCP) contamination of drinking water in Fresno County, California, has been examined. The ecological analyses examined the correlation between gastric cancer and leukaemia (including the lymphatic varieties), mortality rates, and DBCP concentrations in drinking water by census tract in Fresno County, 1960-83. No correlation was found between gastric cancer or leukaemia and DBCP. The gastric cancer case-control study consisted of 263 deaths from gastric cancer in the county, 1975 to mid-1984, and 1044 controls, using information on residential history and occupation of both cases and controls. Analyses were based on residence at death, as well as one and ten years before death. The case-control study did not find any relation between gastric cancer and DBCP in drinking water. Hispanics in the county were found to experience a relative risk of gastric cancer of 2.77, compared with non-Hispanics. A similar case-control study consisting of 259 cases of leukaemia and 1161 controls found no relation between all leukaemia or lymphatic leukaemia and DBCP in drinking water. Farm workers, however, do appear to have an increased risk of leukaemia.
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PMID:Ecological analyses and case-control studies of gastric cancer and leukaemia in relation to DBCP in drinking water in Fresno County, California. 277 72

A retrospective cohort study was carried out in 1982-1983 among 28,460 benzene-exposed workers (15,643 males, 12,817 females) from 233 factories and 28,257 control workers (16,621 males, 12,366 females) from 83 factories in 12 large cities in China. All-cause mortality was significantly higher among the exposed (265.46/100,000 person-years) than among the unexposed (139.06/100,000 person-years), as was mortality from all malignant neoplasms (123.21/100,000 versus 54.7/100,000, respectively). For certain cancers, increased mortality was noted among benzene-exposed males in comparison with that among unexposed males; the standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were elevated for leukemia (SMR = 5.74), lung cancer (SMR = 2.31), primary hepatocarcinoma (SMR = 1.12), and stomach cancer (SMR = 1.22). For females only leukemia occurred in excess among the exposed. Risk of leukemia rose as duration to exposure to benzene increased up to 15 years, and then declined with additional years of exposure. Leukemia occurred among some workers with as little as 6 to 10 ppm average exposure and 50 ppm-years (or possibly less) cumulative lifetime exposure (based on all available measurements for the exposed work units). Among the 30 leukemia cases identified in the exposed cohort, the proportion of subjects with acute lymphocytic leukemia was substantially lower and the proportion with acute nonlymphocytic leukemias was higher than in the general population. During 1972 to 1981, the annual incidence of leukemia ranged from 5.83 to 28.33 per 100,000 with higher rates occurring in the interval 1977 to 1981 than in the earlier years of the study period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A retrospective cohort study of leukemia and other cancers in benzene workers. 279 42

A method that could be facilitated for the quantitation and qualitation of gangliosides in human plasma was developed and applied in the present study for characterization of ganglioside patterns in plasmas of patients with neoplastic diseases including gastric cancer, adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). As a retrovirus-infected disease with different clinical entity, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I-associated myelopathy (HAM) was also subjected to this study. The results were compared with the patterns obtained from normal control plasmas. The analytical data revealed that GM3 increased in gastric cancer, GT1b decreased in HAM and ATL, and GD3, GM1 and GM3 decreased in ALL. There were close correlations between various human diseases and the presence of gangliosides with their specific patterns. Furthermore, gangliosides purified from plasma of patients with HAM significantly inhibited the expression of CD4 antigen on human T lymphocyte membrane. Therefore, analytical studies of plasma gangliosides could provide diagnostic and therapeutic values in retroviral infections.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of ganglioside patterns in plasma of human diseases. 280 80

A histological analysis was conducted in 138 female breast cancer patients, and the results were classified in accordance with "Histological Typing of Breast Tumours" (WHO, Geneva 1981). Since about half of these tumors showed more than one histological type of carcinoma, a simplified classification system with four groups was adopted. When patients were categorized according to the number and degree of kinship of their relatives with breast cancer, no specific association with the histological types was found. Familial tumors also encompassed a wide spectrum of histopathologic diagnoses. This suggests the absence of a histological marker in familial breast cancer. Pedigrees of all the patients were then analyzed, special emphasis being placed on relatives suffering from the same and other malignancies. It was found that 13.8% of the probands had at least one first-degree relative with breast cancer and that, compared with the tumor spectra in the male and female population, there was a significantly higher number of esophageal carcinomas in the fathers, of stomach cancers in the uncles and grandfathers, of brain tumors in the mothers, and of sarcomas in the brothers. An accumulation of the same tumors, especially stomach cancer and tumors related to the SBLA syndrome, was observed in families of index patients with tubular or medullary breast cancer. The SBLA syndrome is a complex familial cancer syndrome characterized by a proclivity to Sarcomas, Breast cancers, brain tumors, Lung and laryngeal cancers, leukemia, and Adrenocortical carcinomas.
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PMID:Familial and histological analyses of 138 breast cancer patients. 282 18

The hst gene was originally identified as a transforming gene in DNAs from stomach cancers and a noncancerous portion of stomach mucosa by transfection assays using NIH3T3 cells (1,2). Subsequently, the hst gene obtained directly from leukocyte DNA of a leukemia patient was sequenced (3,4). Here, cosmid clones containing the hst gene were isolated directly from normal human leukocyte DNA and from T361-2nd-1 cells, a secondary transformant of NIH3T3 cells induced by transfection of DNA from a stomach cancer. All clones containing the hst gene from these different sources transformed NIH3T3 cells with similar efficiency. Restriction map of the hst gene from normal leukocyte DNA was identical with that from leukocyte DNA of a leukemia patient, while the hst gene from T361-2nd-1 cells was rearranged at the 168th nucleotide upstream of the TATA box.
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PMID:Cloned hst gene from normal human leukocyte DNA transforms NIH3T3 cells. 289 49

Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following combination chemotherapy not including alkylating agents or radiotherapy was observed in one patient treated for testicular cancer and in another treated for gastric cancer. Both patients presented clinical, cytologic, and cytogenetic findings uncharacteristic for secondary acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. It is discussed whether these two cases of leukemia indicate a risk of secondary leukemia following chemotherapy with cisplatinum and adriamycin.
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PMID:Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following treatment of testicular cancer and gastric cancer with combination chemotherapy not including alkylating agents: report of two cases. 298 38


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