Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Until recently, cALL has been uncommon in sub-Saharan Africa, but there is now emerging a peak of incidence at the age 3 to 5 years in west and southern Africa. Prognosis for African patients with cALL is poor because of a multitude of clinical, biological and social factors. AML is seen at high frequency (probably indicating truly high incidence) in male children 5-14 years, of whom up to a quarter present with chloroma. It is predicted that the incidence of AML in adults may rise in the near future, related to cigarette smoking, occupational and environmental exposures to benzene and other pollutants, and the prescription of alkylating agents to young people with malignant disease. CML shows no particular epidemiological features, except for a high frequency in young adults and children, reflecting the age structure of the whole population. There are two forms of B-CLL: one is seen most commonly in women of low socioeconomic status towards the end of the their reproductive life, and is probably related to an initially polyclonal expansion of B-cells in response of recurrent malaria and other infections; the other is seen over the age of 45 years, with men being affected twice as commonly as women, as in the western world.
Leukemia 1993 Aug
PMID:Leukaemias in Africa. 836 Dec 19

Following the establishment of university departments of pediatrics after World War II, national pediatric associations were formed in several countries (in Korea in 1945 and in Nepal in 1981). In Papua New Guinea, the Papuan Medical College began in 1959, and a university department of pediatrics was established in 1974. The population of Papua New Guinea is growing at a rate of 2.3% a year, and less than 70% of women receive prenatal care. Only 40% of deliveries are done under medical supervision. Most of child health problems are associated with malnutrition, pneumonia, gastroenteritis, malaria, meningitis, and tuberculosis. Nonetheless, the infant mortality rate (IMR) dropped from 134/1000 in 1971 to 72/1000 in 1980, and to 60/1000 in 1991. In Nepal, improved child health is a national priority, because the IMR is 129/1000 live births, the under-five mortality rate is 200/1000 live births, life expectancy is 52 years, and adult literacy rates are 39% for males and 12% for females. Nurses receive graduate pediatric training, and there is a postgraduate Diploma in Child Health. In Thailand, supervision of births increased from 33.7% in 1980 to 64.8% in 1988; the IMR dropped from 54.8/1000 live births in 1980 to 42/1000 in 1988; and malnutrition in under-fives dropped from 35.6% in 1980 to 28.5% in 1988. However, 85% of children live in rural communities, and rapid urbanization has resulted in overcrowding, with infectious and parasitic diseases, and high maternal malnutrition. Industrialization profoundly affected child health indices. In Korea the IMR was only 12.5/1000 in 1987, life expectancy was 67 years for males and 75 years for females. In Japan, the IMR dropped from 124/1000 in 1930 to 5.2/1000 in 1986; and maternal mortality declined from 176/100,000 live births in 1950 to 10.8 in 1989. Life expectancy increased from 59.6 years for males and 63 years for females in 1950 to 75.5 years and 81.3 years in 1988, respectively. In Australia, children's hospitals mostly treat asthma, congenital anomalies, and leukemia. Pediatric postgraduate education programs had been developed by the 1980's in most countries. The 7th Asian Congress of Pediatrics was held in Perth, Australia, in May 1991, focusing on priorities of child health.
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PMID:Paediatrics in the Asia-Pacific region. 848 6

During a four-year period, 86 children with fever lasting for at least 6 days without diagnosis at admission after initial physical examination and preliminary laboratory tests were included in a retrospective analysis. Their ages ranged from 2 months to 16 years, and there were 55 males and 31 females. Bacterial infections occurred in 19 patients (22%), viral infections in 17 (20%), mycoplasmal infections in 3 and malaria in 1. Collagen vascular diseases were diagnosed in 13 children (15%), including 7 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and 5 systemic lupus erythematosus. Thirteen children (15%) had neoplastic or hematological diseases, including leukemia, lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, and neuroblastoma. The fevers of the other 14 patients (16%) were attributed to central fever. The overall diagnostic rate was 98%. Twenty-two children had a poor outcome, including 6 children with collagen vascular diseases and 12 with neoplasms. Diagnoses were made mainly through a complete medical history, meticulous physical examination, regular laboratory tests, and an observation of clinical course. Invasive tissue studies can be fruitful when used appropriately and should be considered for specific indication only.
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PMID:Prolonged fever in children. 893 8

Regarding problems in emergency and urgent immunoserologic tests, I mainly focused on infectious diseases and CPR and discussed the correspondence of dangerous needle stick injuries, and the significance of emergency CRP measurement in various body fluids using highly sensitive determination methods. The actual conditions and correspondence of infections due to dangerous needle stick injuries (accidental pricking with used needles) such as hepatitis, syphilis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), herpes simplex, falciparum malaria, tuberculosis, Rocky mountain spotted fever, and human colonic adenocarcinoma are discussed. With regard to emergency CRP measurement, application of highly sensitive determination methods and the significance of CRP measurement of various body fluids (healthy adult blood, cord blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and puncture fluid) are described. The reference values for CRP concentrations in various body fluids were established at 15 to 3,063 ng/ml for serum (male; 26 to 3.992 ng/ml, female; 11 to 1,672 ng/ml), 9 to 73 ng/ml for cord blood, 2 to 10 ng/ml for cerebrospinal fluid and less than 2 ng/ml for urine.
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PMID:[Future prospects of emergency laboratory tests--problems of immunoserologic tests]. 893 87

Initially the impetus to develop iron (Fe) chelators for clinical use was based upon the need for a drug to treat Fe-overload diseases such as beta-thalassemia. However, it has become clear that Fe chelators may be useful for the treatment of a wide variety of disease states, including cancer, malaria, and free radical mediated injury. In particular, over the last 10 years a number of studies have shown that Fe chelators may be of use in the treatment of a number of aggressive human cancers, including neuroblastoma and leukemia, and several clinical trials have substantiated their potential. In the current review the role of Fe in cellular proliferation will be discussed, followed by the possible sites and mechanism of action of some of the most effective ligands. Attention will then be turned to examine the Fe chelators shown to possess antiproliferative activity and the clinical trials performed to assess their efficacy.
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PMID:Potential of iron chelators as effective antiproliferative agents. 943 40

In west Africa, splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes and hyper-reactive malarial splenomegaly have many clinical and immunological features in common suggesting an aetiopathological link. We hypothesize that in hyper-reactive malarial splenomegaly the dysregulated immune response to repeated malaria infections results in a stimulated, proliferating pool of B cells in which perturbation of cell growth and apoptosis by environmental and other factors promotes the development of SLVL. In Africa these factors are likely to include infectious agents several of which have already been associated with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Leukemia 1997 Dec
PMID:Chronic malaria and splenic lymphoma: clues to understanding lymphoma evolution. 944 36

The effects of the antibiotics, doxycycline, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol, upon levels of nucleoside-5'-triphosphates (NTPs) and 2'-deoxynucleoside-5'-triphosphates (dNTPs) have been compared in the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, and in human CCRF-CEM leukemia cells. All 4 antibiotics had more severe effects upon levels of NTPs and dNTPs in P. falciparum compared with leukemia cells providing an explanation for their selective toxicity against malaria and their utility as antimalarial drugs. In bacteria, the first 3 drugs inhibit protein synthesis while ciprofloxacin inhibits topoisomerase II. The observed depletions of NTPs and dNTPs would be a secondary effect of the drug but may result in death of the parasite.
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PMID:Indirect inhibition by antibiotics of nucleotide and deoxynucleotide biosynthesis in Plasmodium falciparum. 974 Feb 62

This chapter presents an introduction to several diseases of the blood including infectious mononucleosis, leukemia, thrombosis and coagulation, bone marrow disorders, malaria, and anemia. In addition a survey of the recent literature is presented relative to natural products that have been utilized for the treatment of these diseases. The natural products that are reported represent a wide range of structural types and present interesting mechanisms of action. Thus the possibility exists that new drugs may be developed from these natural products which are more effective than those currently on the market.
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PMID:Utilization of natural products for treatment of blood diseases. 987 8

Primary angiosarcoma of the spleen is a rare entity, but it is the most common primary splenic malignancy. These tumors demonstrate an aggressive growth pattern and can be single or multiple. The diagnosis should be suspected in a patient who presents with splenomegaly but without evidence of lymphoma, malaria, leukemia, or portal hypertension. The tumor may also present with acute abdominal symptoms secondary to spontaneous splenic rupture. We describe two cases of primary angiosarcoma of the spleen with computed tomographic, magnetic resonance, and sonographic features.
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PMID:Primary angiosarcoma of the spleen--CT, MR, and sonographic characteristics: report of two cases. 1082 52

It is extremely important to look for tropical and other exotic diseases in travellers who return with illness or become ill after travelling. Especially tropical diseases and exotic infectious diseases have to be excluded because of their possible fatal outcome. On the other hand, many travellers return with 'common' not-exotic illnesses not related to their journey. When in such cases attention is only given to exotic causes of their illness, diagnosis can be delayed which may be harmful. This was the case in 5 patients: a woman aged 44 years who suffered for months from bloody diarrhoea since her return from Brasil, due to a rectal adenocarcinoma, a 61-year-old man with diarrhoea upon returning from Egypt, who had hairy-cell leukaemia, a 17-year-old boy who developed a ketoacidotic diabetic crisis whilst on a journey in Uganda, but in whose case the first thoughts went to malaria, a 50-year-old man who suffered from throat pain since a journey through East Africa, during which he contracted a flu-like disease, and in whom Kahler's disease was diagnosed, and 69-year-old man suffering from recurrent fever and cough, in whom a radiological lesion was observed in the thorax which proved to be part of Wegener's disease.
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PMID:[Illness after travel not always due to exotic disease]. 1123 88


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