Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five weeks after re-induction treatment and nine days after discharge from hospital, remittent fever occurred in a 34-year-old woman with promyelocytic leukaemia in full remission. She also had haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia, as well as a reduced creatinine clearance. Findings on physical examination were unremarkable, but Falciparum malaria was found in the blood smear. Infusion of erythrocyte or platelet concentrates, administered in treating the leukaemia, was the probable source of the infection. Ten days after starting the administration of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine she was discharged from hospital, cured of the malaria.
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PMID:[Transfusion malaria in promyelocytic leukemia]. 305 88

A number of viruses, parasites and bacteria can be transmitted by blood. Blood seronegative for cytomegalovirus (CMV), effectively prevents CMV infection in seronegative bone marrow recipients. Such blood is available at larger blood transfusion services. Immune anti-CMV globulin can also be helpful in protection of transplant recipients. Human T-lymphotropic virus, type 1 (HTLV-1) causing leukemia and myelopathy can also be transmitted by blood. Blood banks are considering donor screening in areas where the prevalence of this virus is significant. Parvoviruses that may cause crises in haemolytic anaemias present a potential hazard of transfusion. Malaria and syphilis are currently not very important infectious complications of transfusion, whereas prolonged storage of platelets has reemphasised the risk of bacterial growth in blood products.
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PMID:Transfusion transmitted infectious agents, excluding hepatitis and human immunodeficiency viruses. 306 85

This review presents seven examples of effective drugs derived from the ancient Chinese therapeutics. They are artemisinin (qinghaosu) and its derivatives for malaria, henbane drugs for microcirculatory and other disturbances, tetrahydropalmatine as a dopamine receptor antagonist, yuanhuacine and yuanhuadine for abortion, trichosanthin for abortion, moles, and choriocarcinoma, indirubin for leukemia, and Tripterygium plants for autoimmune and various other diseases.
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PMID:Important Chinese herbal remedies. 360 15

Follow-up of 33 patients with idiopathic splenomegaly, 25 for a period ranging from 14 to 80 months after starting treatment with proguanil 100 mg. daily, showed that there was an excellent response of the splenomegaly, anaemia, and hepatomegaly, together with a definite gain in weight. Every patient improved, though a maximum result was not attained until after at least one year's treatment.Therapy with proguanil is considered superior to and safer than splenectomy. Malaria seems unlikely to have a causal role in the aetiology of the disease, which is probably a manifestation of a disorder of the normal immune mechanism. Idiopathic splenomegaly has a close relation with the type of chronic lymphatic leukaemia seen in Nigeria, and it is possible that the two diseases have a similar aetiological factor.
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PMID:Idiopathic tropical splenomegaly syndrome in Ibadan. 570 94

The relationship between viruses and naturally occurring cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and genital cancers, is of great importance to Africa. On the other hand, lymphomas, leukaemias and immunodeficiencies, although of less immediate public health importance, constitute an area of outstanding interest for research and their association with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the newly discovered human retroviruses merits world-wide attention. EBV-related malignancies in Africa include both Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Whether X-linked polyclonal lymphoproliferations exist in Africa remains an open question. The interrelationship between EBV, holoendemic malaria and genetic factors (oncogenes) has been deciphered in recent years, to make BL a kind of Rosetta stone for the understanding of multistage carcinogenesis. Although the role of EBV in the causation of NPC is not well understood, the viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgA test already allows both early detection of NPC in high-incidence areas and differential diagnosis in low-incidence areas. The question whether an EBV vaccine would be of value in African countries, in relation to EBV-associated malignancies, remains an open one. The diseases associated with the recently discovered human retroviruses (human T-lymphocyte leukaemia viruses: HTLVs) represent a new area for both research and public health assessment. Limited information is available today on the geographical distribution, age prevalence and association with disease in Africa of the different members of the retrovirus family (HTLV-1, HTLV-2, LAV/HTLV-3). The proportion of HTLV-related T-cell malignancies in different parts of Africa as well as the importance of immunodeficiencies caused by the different members of the retrovirus family remain to be determined. Typical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) appears to exist in Central Africa, especially Zaire, and HTLVs could be of public health importance if they cause severe forms of viral, bacterial or parasitic diseases through impairment of cell-mediated immunity. Africa, is and will long remain a continent of crucial importance with regard to the role of viruses in human malignancies and especially in haematopoietic proliferative disorders.
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PMID:Virus-associated lymphomas, leukaemias and immunodeficiencies in Africa. 610 Feb 86

Amounts of radio-labelled substances as low as 10(-18) moles incorporated into individual cells can be measured by utilizing techniques of quantitative autoradiography. For this purpose, radioactive standard sources are processed with the labelled cells smeared to slides. Carbon-14 is a favourable isotope with regard to minimal loss of beta-disintegrations due to self-absorption, and to limited cross-fire effects complicating the attribution of silver grains to individual cells. Silver grain densities can be counted by automated microphotometry allowing on-line data processing by an interfaced computer. Rate measurements of 14C-thymidine incorporation into individual cells yield values of the DNA synthesis rate provided that the endogenous pathway of thymidine-phosphate formation has been previously blocked. From the rate values of individual cells the DNA synthesis time of a cell compartment is derived. This is an essential time parameter for the evaluation of kinetic events in proliferating cell populations. This method is applicable to human cells without radiation hazard to man, and provides an optimal source of detailed information on the kinetics of normal and diseased human haematopoiesis. Examples of application consist of thalassaemia, malaria infection, iron deficiency anaemia and acute myelogenous leukaemia.
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PMID:Quantitative carbon-14 autoradiography at the cellular level: principles and application for cell kinetic studies. 701 61

Osler's influence in haematology was twofold: as an original observer both in the laboratory and the ward, and his encouragement of the establishment of clinical laboratories with the consequent development of clinical and laboratory haematologists. In 1870, when Osler entered McGill Medical School at the age of 21, he was already an experienced microscopist from his school days, but now his interest shifted from pond life to parasites and clinical microscopy. His post-graduate year with Burdon-Sanderson was to have been a study of leucocyte function, but instead came his research on platelets, continued and expanded when he returned to Montreal in 1874, together with much of his laboratory haematology--his comprehensive studies of pernicious anaemia and work on leukaemia, Hodgkin's disease etc. The move to Philadelphia in 1884 saw the establishment of a clinical laboratory, work on malaria, arsenic in anaemia and the blood disease chapter for Pepper's System. At Baltimore he had a rewarding clinical microscopy department, distinct from Welch's Institute, and this is the period, continued at Oxford, of Osler's accounts of clinical syndromes--polycythaemia, telangiectasia, mastocytosis and 'splenic anaemia'.
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PMID:Osler's influence on haematology. 703 26

From the survey that first identified cancer effects of foetal irradiation and related sources has come support for the following hypotheses: (1) competing causes of death for childhood cancers include abortions (solid tumours) and infections (RES neoplasms); (2) the forms taken by RES neoplasms vary with the nature and intensity of indigenous infections; (3) ideal conditions for developing diffuse RES neoplasms (leukaemia) include the gross immunological incompetence caused by trisomy 21; (4) the unusually localised RES neoplasms found in children who have survived repeated attacks of malaria (Burkitt lymphoma and chloroma) are probably the result of these children having exceptionally high levels of passive as well as active immunity; and (5) when teratogenic effects of in utero mutations include faulty erythropoiesis as well as faulty leucopoiesis, infections are not the only rival causes of death.
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PMID:Childhood cancers and competing causes of death. 786 38

The retrovirus LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus induces murine AIDS in C57BL/6 mice that has many similarities with human AIDS; Plasmodium berghei ANKA causes experimental cerebral malaria in the same strain of mice. The outcome of malaria infection was studied in mice concurrently infected with the two pathogens. The retrovirus significantly reduced the gravity of the neurological manifestations associated with Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. The protection against experimental cerebral malaria induced by murine AIDS increased with duration of viral infection and, hence, with the severity of the immunodeficiency. Interleukin 10, principally from splenic T cells, was shown to play a crucial role in this protection.
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PMID:Murine AIDS protects mice against experimental cerebral malaria: down-regulation by interleukin 10 of a T-helper type 1 CD4+ cell-mediated pathology. 805 63

Forty two patients who were seen and satisfied the French-American-British (FAB) diagnostic criteria for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) over a 6-year period at the University of Zimbabwe's Department of Haematology, Harare, are presented. Their overall ages ranged from 29 to 75 years with a mean +/- SD of 57.8 +/- 11.2 years. Males outnumbered females with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Refractory anaemia (RA) occurred in 33.3%; refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) in 16.7%; refractory anaemia with excess blasts (RAEB) in 21.4%; refractory anaemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T) in 16.7% and chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) in 11.9% of the patients. In 90.5% the disease was primary and in 9.5% prior exposure to myelotoxic agents resulted in secondary MDS. The study reveals that MDS as a cause of anaemia in the African population is usually hidden in the big number of well known anaemias due to rampant malaria, malnutrition and a host of nutritional deficiencies. There is therefore the need to increase diagnostic awareness among our clinicians about the existence of these disorders.
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PMID:Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in Central Africans. 816 30


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