Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the preclinical arm of our study, the radiobiologic features of primary malignant cells from newly diagnosed and relapsed T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia/non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients were analyzed using clonogenic assays. A marked heterogeneity existed relative to the intrinsic radiation sensitivity of clonogenic T-lineage ALL/NHL cells from 42 patients. The mean SF2 (surviving fraction at 200 cGy) and alpha values (initial slope of the survival curve) were 0.36 +/- 0.04, and 0.558 +/- 0.079 Gy-1. Fourteen cases had SF2 values of > or = 0.50 and alpha values of < or = 0.2 Gy-1, consistent with a marked intrinsic radiation resistance at the level of clonogenic leukemia/lymphoma cells. Of these 14 radiation resistant cases, 12 were CD3+. Furthermore, the SF2 and D0 values of the 28 CD3+ cases were significantly higher than the SF2 and D0 values of the 14 CD3- cases (SF2: 0.441 +/- 0.048 versus 0.189 +/- 0.045, p = 0.002; D0: 189.6 +/- 26.3 cGy versus 108.7 +/- 18.2 cGy, p = 0.047) and CD3+ cases had smaller alpha values than CD3- cases (0.454 +/- 0.087 versus 0.765 +/- 0.152, p = 0.06). Thus, clonogenic cells from CD3+ T-lineage ALL/NHL patients were more resistant to radiation than clonogenic cells from CD3- T-lineage ALL/NHL patients. In the clinical arm of our study, 33 T-lineage ALL/NHL patients received autologous bone marrow transplants during remission. Pretransplant conditioning consisted of total body irradiation combined with high dose chemotherapy. The expression of CD3 antigen predicted the outcome of relapsed T-lineage ALL/NHL patients undergoing autologous bone marrow transplantation following total body irradiation plus high dose chemotherapy. Overall, the Kaplan-Meier estimate and standard error of the probability of remaining in remission at 3.5 years was 11 +/- 9% with a median relapse-free interval of 102 days. The disease-free survival at 3.5 years was 8 +/- 7% with a median disease-free survival time of 96 days. Notably, the expression of CD3 antigen on T-lineage ALL/NHL cells correlated with the probability of relapse after bone marrow transplantation. While 16 of 19 CD3+ patients relapsed after bone marrow transplantation, only 3 of 8 CD3- patients relapsed. The Kaplan-Meier estimates and standard errors of the probability of remaining in remission at 1 year after bone marrow transplantation were 7 +/- 6% (median relapse-free interval = 74 days) for CD3+ patients (n = 19) and 63 +/- 17% for CD3- patients (n = 8) (p = 0.006).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunophenotype predicts radiation resistance in T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-lineage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 142 95

In this report the association of autoimmunity and autoimmune syndromes with lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) is described in 15 patients. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) developed in 10 patients, Hodgkin's disease (HD) in 3 and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in two. In most instances clinical and laboratory phenomena preceded the development/diagnosis of these disorders. Manifestations ranged from the presence of autoantibodies in the serum to the presence of both ill defined or incomplete autoimmune syndromes including cold urticaria, Raynaud's phenomenon, cold agglutinin disease, thyroiditis, nephrotic syndrome and vasculitis to typical systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and even one of scleroderma. It is suggested that in some patients (in)complete clinical manifestations of autoimmunity may precede the development of lymphoid neoplasias. The link between autoimmunity and lymphoproliferative disorders is briefly discussed.
Leukemia 1992 Nov
PMID:Autoimmunity and auto-immune syndromes associated with and preceding the development of lymphoproliferative disorders. 143 18

The lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA) was used to study the surface carbohydrate expression of galactose beta 1, 3, N-acetylgalactosamine by normal and malignant hemopoietic cells. Immunostaining was performed using biotinylated PNA and a streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase staining technique on 78 patients. The study was undertaken to enlarge on previous reports of lectin binding to cells of hemopoietic origin and to establish the potential role of biotinylated PNA as a component of an immunotoxin for in vitro purging of bone marrow in patients with multiple myeloma. In normals only monocytes, macrophages, centroblasts and plasma cells showed reactivity. Of the hematological malignancies, all cases of multiple myeloma were positive and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cases with a large cell component had positive centroblasts. Two of 5 cases of acute myelomonocytic leukemia, one case of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and one case of pleomorphic T cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma showed PNA positive neoplastic cells. The reactivity of biotinylated PNA with centroblasts and plasma cells suggests that it may be of potential value when linked to a streptavidin-ricin conjugate in the in vitro purging of bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma prior to autologous bone marrow transplantation.
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PMID:Peanut agglutinin (lectin from Arachis hypogaea) binding to hemopoietic cells: an immunophenotypic study using a biotin streptavidin technique. 143 89

The prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in childhood has improved steadily in the last 2 decades. This is primarily the result of increasingly effective chemotherapy regimens tailored to defined and relatively homogeneous prognostic categories and tested in prospective clinical trials. Surgical excision remains of prognostic benefit only when near-total resection can be performed without delay of chemotherapy. The role of radiation therapy is now limited to the treatment of overt central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, disease unresponsive to chemotherapy, and certain emergencies. Effective 'prophylactic' treatment of the CNS has been achieved in most series by intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy alone. The most relevant modality of treatment is chemotherapy and a very large number of protocols have been published. The origins of current multi-agent regimens stem both from early experience with cyclophosphamide in endemic Burkitt's lymphoma and from therapeutic studies of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Sub-stratification of non-localized NHL has produced protocols designed for either lymphoblastic (mostly T cell) or non-lymphoblastic (mostly B cell) categories. While the cure rate for lymphoblastic lymphoma now exceed 70%, the non-localized non-lymphoblastic disease remains a major obstacle to cure. These patients frequently present with large abdominal primaries and are prone to regional as well as hematogenous dissemination. In particular, involvement of the CNS is now considered to be the most adverse prognostic variable in this group. Recently, highly intensive regimens are addressing these obstacles. On the other hand, NHL defined as localized has been shown to be curable in up to 95% of children with the use of simple chemotherapy regimens as short as 6 months in duration. Salvage of patients who relapse during or after chemotherapy remains bleak but cures are possible with regimens incorporating bone marrow transplantation from either an autologous or allogeneic source. Experimental methods, including biologic and immune response modifiers may also offer future promise.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in children. II. Treatment. 144 20

Herbicides are a heterogeneous class of chemicals used in agriculture, forestry, and urban settings to kill weeds, shrubs, and broad-leaved trees. The role of herbicides in the etiology of cancer is controversial. Potential studies for review were identified through a MEDLINE search and from a check of references in related review articles. This review of the literature shows reasonable evidence suggesting that occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides results in increased risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Several studies have noted large increases in risk of soft-tissue sarcomas with phenoxy herbicide exposure. In contrast, others have failed to observe increased risks, and evidence of an exposure-risk relationship is lacking. Although there have been too few appropriate studies for adequate assessment of risk of cancer at other sites, some findings have linked herbicide exposure with cancers of the colon, lung, nose, prostate, and ovary as well as to leukemia and multiple myeloma. Future studies must better identify and quantify the nature of herbicide exposures. In the interim, it seems only prudent to monitor and promote safety practices among persons occupationally exposed to phenoxy herbicides, particularly farmers and professional sprayers.
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PMID:Herbicides and cancer. 146 Jun 70

11q23 translocation is the most popular chromosomal abnormality in infant leukemia. In adults, it is often encountered in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In this study, we analyzed the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 9 acute leukemic cell lines with 11q23 translocations and one with deletion of the 11q23 locus, nine of which were established by researchers in this group, together with 4 NHL cell lines with 11q23 translocations. All lines were considered to belong to the B-cell lineage at different stages. All 10 leukemic lines showed clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene: two corresponded to the B-precursor stage (CD19+, cytoplasmic mu-), while the other 8 corresponded to the pre-B stage (cytoplasmic mu+). All 4 NHL lines showed rearrangements of both the IgH and Ig kappa genes with three expressing surface Ig; specifically, mature B-cell phenotype. As for myelocytic-monocytic markers, at least one out of 4 antigens examined were positive in 8 of the 10 leukemic cell lines, while only one of the 4 NHL lines was reactive. There were essentially no clear phenotypic or genotypic differences between t(4;11) and t(11;19) cell lines, supporting the view that both diseases have similar clinicopathological characteristics. These cell lines are also valuable for cloning genes at the chromosomal breakpoints.
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PMID:Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of 14 leukemia and lymphoma cell lines with 11q23 translocations. 146 24

Expression of the normally cryptic blood group antigen Tn has occasionally been reported in hematologic disease, but the true frequency of this change is not known. A mouse monoclonal antibody (FBT3) and immunohistochemistry were used to examine expression of the Tn antigen. Expression was not detected in 35 normal bone marrow aspirates examined, but it was detected in 5 of 725 abnormal bone marrow aspirates, including 2 (3.6%) of 55 cases of de novo acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and 2 cases that terminated in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. In two patients, one with acute myeloblastic leukemia and the other in blast transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia, the Tn antigen was expressed on 2 percent of blast cells. In one case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 4 percent of normal myeloid cells expressed the antigen. In the other two cases, one of acute myelomonocytic leukemia and the other of myelodysplasia, only 2 to 8 percent of myeloid and erythroid cells initially were Tn positive. Subsequent serial immunohistochemical studies of bone marrow aspirates and peripheral blood in these two cases showed increasing numbers of Tn-positive erythroid and myeloid cells 8 to 12 months before polyagglutination was detected serologically. Tn-positive cells increased to > 90 percent in the terminal phase in both cases of both diseases. The results suggest that Tn expression in these two patients may have conferred a growth advantage to the cells and could be related to disease progression.
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PMID:Expression of the Tn antigen in myelodysplasia, lymphoma, and leukemia. 147 Dec 47

In a prospective study the incidence of allo-immunization and platelet refractoriness was investigated using a consequently leucocyte-poor blood product regime. Twenty-five previously non-transfused patients with acute leukaemia (11 men, 7 women) or autologous bone marrow transplantation for Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (2 men, 5 women) received at least 80 donor units of filtered red cells (filtration within 24 h after donation, leucocyte content 8.5 +/- 3.9 x 10(6)/U) and/or of platelet concentrate (produced by the buffy coat method, leucocyte content: 7.8 +/- 4.2 x 10(6)/U). A 1-hour recovery of 20% in three consecutive transfusions, in the absence of clinical factors known to impair increment, was defined as platelet refractoriness. HLA class I antibody screening with a panel of 60 cells was performed before the first transfusion and after 80 U of blood components. Of 25 patients who entered this study, 6 patients developed platelet refractoriness after a mean of 38 units of blood components (range 26-45 U); all 6 were female with a history of multiple pregnancies. In 19 patients regarded as non-refractory, no HLA antibodies were demonstrated (13 men, 6 women). This study, though limited in size, suggests that the use of blood products containing less than 1 x 10(7) leucocytes/donor unit prevents primary HLA class I immunization and platelet refractoriness.
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PMID:Prevention of primary HLA class I allo-immunization with leucocyte-poor blood components produced without the use of platelet filters. 148 73

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-beta (IFN-beta) have demonstrated activity against lymphoid malignancies, presumably mediated by the augmentation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell and natural killer (NK) cell activity. There is in vitro and in vivo evidence to suggest that the combination of IL-2 and IFN-beta is synergistic. The Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) conducted a randomized phase II trial of IL-2 with or without IFN-beta in 49 patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Overall toxicity was severe, with 17 patients experiencing life-threatening toxicity. Three patients had treatment-related deaths. Responses were noted in seven patients (17%). There were no meaningful differences between treatment arms in toxicity profile, response rate, or modulation of in vivo NK and LAK activity. We conclude that IL-2 with or without IFN-beta is not effective therapy for NHL in the doses and schedule used in this study.
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PMID:A phase II study of recombinant interleukin-2 with or without recombinant interferon-beta in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A study of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. 150 52

The role of selected prior medical conditions in the etiology of hematopoietic malignancies was examined in a case-control study of members of two regional branches of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (USA). Past history of chronic infectious, autoimmune, allergic, and musculoskeletal disorders was abstracted from medical records for leukemia (n = 299), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL, n = 100), and multiple myeloma (n = 175) cases and matched controls (n = 787). Little difference was found between cases and controls for most of the chronic conditions evaluated, including sinusitis, carbuncles, urinary tract infections, pelvic infections, herpes zoster, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, bursitis, and gout. Only three statistically significant elevated risks were found, i.e., with combined disc disease myeloma among patients with prior eczema and disk and other musculoskeletal conditions, and NHL following tuberculosis. Only two of these associations showed consistent patterns by sex and geographic region (myeloma with eczema and with musculoskeletal conditions). While prior history of eczema and musculoskeletal conditions may slightly increase risk of myeloma, this study provided little if any support for an association of chronic infectious, autoimmune, allergic, and musculoskeletal conditions with subsequent occurrence of the leukemias or NHL. Additionally, these data did not support a role for chronic antigenic stimulation, as defined in previous epidemiologic studies, in the etiology of hematopoietic malignancies.
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PMID:Leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma following selected medical conditions. 152 26


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