Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cytology of two cases of hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) involving pleural and ascitic fluids is described. With the Papanicolaou stain, the cells have a "lymphoid" appearance. The presence of these cells plus knowledge of the clinical history might help the cytologist and/or hematologist in their identification. A tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain will confirm the true nature of such cells and establish the clinical diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia. Unlike the other members of the leukemia-malignant lymphoma group, the body cavities are rarely involved.
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PMID:Hairy cell leukemia (leukemic reticuloendotheliosis) in serous effusions. 7 14

We have studied the ability of various antisera to induce resistance to complement-dependent lysis (CdL) (lysostripping) of surface antigens of B and T lymphoma cells. Alloantisera, xenoantisera, as well as anti-Rauscher-leukemia virus (RLV) antisera, were used. Whereas all antisera could induce resistance to CdL mediated by the same serum that served for lysostripping (autolysostrip), only some of the tested antisera could induce resistance to CdL by other antisera (co-lysostrip). In some combinations co-lysostrip was unidirectional, i.e., in a pair of antisera, one induced autolysostrip as well as co-lysostrip, whereas the other antiserum induced autolysostrip only. In other combinations co-lysostrip was reciprocal. These investigations do not support the possibility that viral components and alloantigenic determinants are associated on mouse lymphoma cells.
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PMID:The relationship of membrane antigens on 141 (NZB) and EL4 (C57BL) lymphoma cells as demonstrated by antibody-induced resistance to complement-mediated cytotoxicity. 7 55

Judging from the spontaneous NBT reduction, the indices of phagocytosis and NBT, there is a moderate, but statistically significant diminution of these parameters in leukaemia and malignant lymphoma including plasmocytoma. Moreover, further diminutions could be identified during the acute stage of the disease (first diagnosis or recidive) in acute leukaemia and lymphogranulomatosis, but not for chronic myeloic leukaemia.
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PMID:[Phagocytic granulocyte function in hemoblastoses]. 7 20

Rabbit immune sera against human cells of a non-T, non-B leukemia cell line bearing the Ph1 chromosome (NALM-1) were characterized. After proper and exhaustive absorption, the sera were tested by indirect membrane immunofluorescence on a panel of 19 human hematopoietic cell lines with T-, B-, or non-T, non-B cell surface characteristics. The absorbed sera reacted specifically with NALM-1 cells but not with cells of another Ph1-positive cell line, K-562. Four of the 6 leukemia T-cell lines, 2 of the 4 leukemia-lymphoma B-cell lines, all of 4 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) lines with non-T, non-B cell characteristics, and uncultured cells of all patients with non-T, non-B cell ALL were reactive with the antisera. A cross-absorption study of the antisera suggested that a single antigenic complex is involved in this antigen specificity. The antigen involved appears to be a common non-T, non-B ALL one that has been described previously.
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PMID:Rabbit antiserum against a non-T, non-B leukemia cell line that carries the Ph1 chromosome (NALM-1): antibody specific to a non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen. 8 9

Radial immunodiffusion assay was used to measure fetal hemoglobin (HbF) concentrations in 312 patients with various malignancies. In 305 of these, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was measured by radioimmunoassay. The concentration of HbF exceeded 3 SDs above the normal mean in 68 of 312 patients, most notably in patients with leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, bladder carcinoma and testicular tumors. HbF was correlated with total hemoglobin concentration and with serum AFP concentration in hepatoma and bladder carcinoma.
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PMID:Fetal proteins in various tumors. 8 98

Young female AKR mice made leukemic by iv inoculation of 10(3) spontaneous AKR thymoma cells were treated with repeated injections of irradiated cells from the same tumor. Treatment began 1 day after injection of the viable cells. The cytotoxicity of sera and lymphoid cells from healthy mice immunized with lymphoma cells from either treated or nontreated mice with leukemia grafts revealed that the tumor cells could be subdivided into four distinct antigenic types. One type (clone A) accounted for about 97% of the lymphoma cells in each mouse with spontaneous leukemia, whereas the remaining 3% were subdivided into three other distinct antigenic types (clones B, C, and D). Lymphoma cells from treated mice with grafted leukemia were never clone A type but either clone B, C, or D type. Repeated sc injections of 10(7) irradiated cells from spontaneous AKR thymomas induced from 15 to 34% cure in mice with grafts of leukemia cells. Treatment with only clone A induced about 32% cure, whereas treatment with clone B, C, or D had no beneficial effect. Treatment with 10(7) cells each of clone A plus clone B gave 33% cure; clone A plus clone B plus clone C, 45%; and all four clones cured 92% of the mice with leukemia grafts. The efficiency of immunotherapy may be influenced by the natural clonality of the tumor to be treated.
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PMID:Natural polyclonality of spontaneous AKR leukemia and its consequences for so-called specific immunotherapy. 8 93

A spontaneous T cell lymphoma of DBA/2 (H-2-d) mice, SL2, was found to react with anti H-2 typing sera raised against certain foreign haplotypes as well as with anti H-2d sera. The cytotoxic anti-SL2 activity of the anti-foreign H-2 sera was detected in a newly developed microradioassay, not however, in a conventional 51Cr release test. Upon culture in vitro the reactivity of the tumor cells with the anti H-2 sera decreased. The anomalous cytotoxic anti-tumor activity of the anti-foreign H-2 sera appeared to be distinct from anti-murine leukemia virus activity, since it was not removed by absorption with either Friend of AKR leukemia virus. Partial absorption was observed with normal lymphoid cells carrying the respective foreign H-2 antigens, but not with cells of unrelated H-2 haplotypes. In each serum tested, the anti-tumor activity could also be absorbed with syngeneic H-2d lymphoid cells. These results show that the anomalous anti-tumor reactivity of certain anti H-2 typing sera, in particular of sera raised in recipients differing in H-2 from the tumor host strains, is not due to the presence of foreign (derepressed) H-2 molecules on the tumor cells. The differences observed between the tumor cells and normal cells seem to be due to unexpected antibodies in the sera reacting with public H-2 specificities which are better exposed on the tumor cells than on normal cells.
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PMID:Characterization of antigens on murine tumor cells reacting with alloantisera against foreign H-2 specificities: analysis by absorption with purified murine leukemia virus and normal lymphoid cells of different H-2 haplotypes. 8 74

A proportion of cancers in endocrine target tissues can show the presence of specific receptors for either steroid or polypetide hormones. Manipulation of the controlling hormones does not guarantee regression. A third of cancers in endocrine target organs (breast, uterine endometrium, and prostate) show a 50% reduction in size of lesions after hormonal therapy. If regression resulting from an aggressive form of therapy lasts a short while and the tumor reactivates by the time the unpleasant effects of the therapy wear off, the treatment is not palliative. Endocrine therapy in prostatic cancer is palliative but there is no evidence that is increases survival. 11 different progestational agents in endometrial cancer therapy in the past 25 years resulted in a 30-35% response. Response must be maintained by continual treatment and may last from 12 months to 7-8 years. In breast cancer, tumors with a significant level of estrogen receptor (ER+) have about a 60% chance of regression vs. tumors without estrogen receptors (ER-), 10%. Advanced cancers of the thyroid of the papillary or follicular type regress when the patient is treated by thyroxine, .3 mg daily. Leukemia and lymphoma are frequently treated, with varying degrees of success with corticosteroid therapy, which may also predispose the patient to intercurrent infection. Renal cancer has been often treated by medroxyprogesterone acetate or testosterone propionate, with little success.
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PMID:Endocrine therapy in cancer. 8 86

Immunochemical studies have shown that labeled, detergent-solubilized extracts of SL2 (H-2d) lymphoma cells contain components reactive with several anti-H-2 alloantisera of restricted specificity. Anti-H-2k and anti-H-2ja as well as anti-H-2d sera precipitated labeled polypeptides of a molecular weight similar to that of H-2 heavy chains. In addition, all antisera tested precipitated a component of 70000 daltons molecular weight, which is antigenically related to gp 69/71 of Friend murine leukemia virus. Reactions with antisera directed against haplotypes other than H-2d could be blocked by addition of unlabeled, detergent-solubilized extracts of H-2d lymphocytes, or by H-2 antigens against which the antiserum was directed. Sequential immunoprecipitations initially using antisera against the K, D, or L region gene products to remove individual known H-2d antigens have made possible the identification of some molecules responsible for these reactions. The results show that antisera against haplotypes other than H-2d which react with SL2 cells, cross-react with normal H-2d antigens. Quantitative absortion of these antisera with intact or solubilized cells has shown that lymphocytes and tumor cells differ in their expression of some H-2 determinants. The antibodies bind only weakly to intact H-2d lymphocytes, but strongly to the corresponding detergent-solubilized antigens. These results do not, therefore, support the derepression hypothesis put forward earlier.
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PMID:Differences in the expression of histocompatibility antigens on mouse lymphocytes and tumor cells: immunochemical studies. 8 49

A 22-year-old man presented with mediastinal lymphoma and lymphoblastic leukemia. The leukemic cells in his blood and marrow did not stain positively with Sudan black B, peroxidase, chloroacetate esterase, or nonspecific esterase, and were considered as either lymphoblasts or stem cells. One year after the initial presentation, acute myelomonocytic leukemia developed and he died. The leukemic cells possessed the morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of both monocytes and granulocytes. This case illustrates the close ontogenetic relationship between the monocytes and the granulocytes. It also demonstrates that our present concept of acute myelomonocytic leukemia should be broadened to include cases in which the leukemic cells possess the morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of both the monocytes and the granulocytes.
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PMID:Acute myelomonocytic leukemia: coexistent cytochemical markers for monocytes and granulocytes in the leukemic cells. 8 75


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