Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0023418 (leukemia)
 93,477 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infection is common in persons with leukemia. Blood transfusions are the typical source and HCV-related chronic hepatitis a common outcome. Development of HCV-infection and -related hepatitis raises important questions about subsequent leukemia treatment including the natural history of the infection and need for treatment modification. Although the natural history of HCV-infection and -related hepatitis in this setting is unknown, data from normal persons with HCV-infection suggest that short-term survival is not likely to be decreased in persons with leukemia and these complications. In contrast, long-term survival may decrease because of a high rate of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and possibly hepatocellular carcinoma. There are no convincing data that HCV-infection or -related hepatitis or alterations in anti-leukemia drug dose or schedule prompted by abnormal liver function tests, alter leukemia outcome. Consequently, it is uncertain whether drug doses and/or schedule should be modified in persons with leukemia and HCV-infection or -related hepatitis. Short-term outcome of blood cell and bone marrow transplants is also unaffected by HCV-infection or -related hepatitis.
 ...
PMID:How important is hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infection in persons with acute leukemia? 937 86

Creatine kinase (CK)-MB subunit has been recognized as a useful marker for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, we recently experienced one case of osteopetrosis with moderately high CK-MB and an abnormal (more than 100%) CK-MB/total (T)-CK ratio without evidence of AMI in a medical examination. We have already experienced 17 cases with an abnormal CK-MB/T-CK ratios in addition to the present case. Those cases were patients with malignant tumor with metastasis (n = 13), leukemia (2), liver cirrhosis (1), and cerebral death (1), and thereby the band of macro-CK was found in the electrophoresis. However, we detected neither the band of macro-CK nor the abnormal levels of tumor markers such as CEA, alpha-fetoprotein, CA-19-9 in the present case. Instead of the macro CK, the high level of CK-BB was detected in electrophoresis. In the medical examination, especially in screening tests, the CK-MB was generally assayed with use of the immunoinhibition method in automated analyzers. The method principle was based on the absence of CK-BB in the patient serum. Since the patient had the past history of pathological fracture in his boyhood, this patient was diagnosed as osteopetrosis. These results suggest that we must consider the possibility of osteopetrosis when an abnormal CK-MB and CK-MB/T-CK ratio without evidence of serious diseases were found. This is simply because of the assay method of immunoinhibition for CK-MB activity.
 ...
PMID:[A case of osteopetrosis with an abnormal CK-MB/T-CK ratio]. 943 4

Four patients with systemic mastocytosis, two men and two women, are presented. Three of them (patients 1, 2, and 4) developed portal hypertension and ascites without histological evidence of cirrhosis in liver biopsy. The remaining patient (patient 3) had severe bone lesions with multiple vertebral fractures. None of the patients had skin or lymph node involvement. Two patients (patients 1 and 2) died 12 and 9 months after diagnosis with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and overt mastocytic leukemia, respectively, while the other two (patients 3 and 4) are alive 58 and 14 months after diagnosis. Treatment with hydroxyurea or cytosine arabinoside had not any beneficial effect in two patients, while a substantial amelioration of back pain had been obtained by local irradiation and recombinant human interferon-alpha-2b administration in one patient (patient 3). All patients had laboratory findings compatible with autoimmune cholangitis. We concluded that systemic mastocytosis is a rare cause of noncirrhotic portal hypertension often simulating autoimmune cholangitis and leading to the erroneous diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. Diagnosis is based on the presence of mast cells in Giemsa-stained liver histological sections, and it may be confirmed by immunohistochemical detection of tryptase in the cytoplasm of these abnormally proliferating cells.
 ...
PMID:Systemic mastocytosis: a rare cause of noncirrhotic portal hypertension simulating autoimmune cholangitis--report of four cases. 944 86

This study presents findings from an updated retrospective cohort mortality study of male police officers from January 1, 1950 to December 31, 1990 (n = 2,593; 58,474 person-years; 98% follow-up). Significantly higher than expected mortality rates were found for all cause mortality (Standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 110; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.04-1.17), all malignant neoplasms (SMR = 125; 95% CI = 1.10-1.41), cancer of the esophagus (SMR = 213; 95% CI = 1.01-3.91), cancer of the colon (SMR = 187; 95% CI = 1.29-2.59), cancer of the kidney (SMR = 2.08, 95% CI = 100-3.82), Hodgkin's disease (SMR = 313; 95% CI = 1.01-7.29), cirrhosis of the liver (SMR = 150; 95% CI = 1.00-2.16), and suicide (SMR = 153; 95% CI = 1.00-2.24). All accidents were significantly lower (SMR = 53; 95% CI = 0.34-0.79). Mortality by years of police service showed higher than expected rates for (1) all malignant neoplasms in the 1- to 9-years-of-service group; (2) all causes, bladder cancer, leukemia, and arteriosclerotic heart disease in the 10 to 19-year group; and (3) colon cancer and cirrhosis of the liver in the over 30 years of service group. Hypotheses for findings are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Mortality of a police cohort: 1950-1990. 951 43

We report eight patients with familial tropical spastic paraparesis belonging to four families. The diagnosis was reached by clinical, radiological and electrophysiological studies. Human lymphotropic virus type I infection was confirmed by ELISA, immunofluorescence essays. Western blot and polymerase chain reaction in DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using primers for tax and 5'ltr genes. In all these families there was a vertical transmission of the disease from the first to the second generation. All patients improved their spastic gait after prednisone treatment. Among patients of the second generation, all had dacrysialoadenitis, three had leukemia like lymphocytes in the blood smear, two had mycosis fungoides and one had hepatic cirrhosis.
 ...
PMID:[Familial form of tropical spastic paraparesis. Report of 4 families]. 969 73

New computationally intensive tools for medical survival analyses include recursive patitioning (also called CART) and artificial neural networks. A challenge that remains is to better understand the behavior of these techniques in effort to know when they will be effective tools. Theoretically they may overcome limitations of the traditional multivariable survival technique, the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Experiments were designed to test whether the new tools would, in practice, overcome these limitations. Two datasets in which theory suggests CART and the neural network should outperform the Cox model were selected. The first was a published leukemia dataset manipulated to have a strong interaction that CART should detect. The second was a published cirrhosis dataset with pronounced nonlinear effects that a neural network should fit. Repeated sampling of 50 training and testing subsets was applied to each technique. The concordance index C was calculated as a measure of predictive accuracy by each technique on the testing dataset. In the interaction dataset, CART outperformed Cox (P < 0.05) with a C improvement of 0.1 (95% CI, 0.08 to 0.12). In the nonlinear dataset, the neural network outperformed the Cox model (P < 0.05), but by a very slight amount (0.015). As predicted by theory, CART and the neural network were able to overcome limitations of the Cox model. Experiments like these are important to increase our understanding of when one of these new techniques will outperform the standard Cox model. Further research is necessary to predict which technique will do best a priori and to assess the magnitude of superiority.
 ...
PMID:Experiments to determine whether recursive partitioning (CART) or an artificial neural network overcomes theoretical limitations of Cox proportional hazards regression. 979 Jul 41

To assess risks of cancer mortality among workers exposed to paints, published papers referring to painters and mortality with standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were meta-analyzed in fixed and random effect models. The SMR for all sites of cancer was significantly raised (111.4; 95% CI: 105.8-117.4). The highest risks of cancer death were from leukemia (187; 95% CI: 114.5-306.7) and from liver cancer (143.6; 95% CI: 117.6-175.4). The SMRs for esophagus and stomach cancer were 132.7 (95% CI: 112.1-157.2) and 120.3 (95% CI: 111.3-130.0), respectively. The risks of bladder cancer (130.4; 95% CI: 113.8-149.5) and lung cancer (129.1; 95% CI: 119.2-139.8) were also raised. The findings provide evidence of an association between work as a painter and risk of cancer, although the confounding effects of smoking and alcohol cannot be entirely excluded, especially with respect to liver cancer since deaths from cirrhosis were also increased. The excess deaths from leukemia could have been from exposure to benzene mixed with other organic solvents, while that from lung cancer may be from exposure to particles containing lead chromate and to asbestos in the paint trade. The high risks of cirrhosis and liver cancer need to be examined further as to possible interactions between organic solvents and alcohol.
 ...
PMID:A meta-analysis of painting exposure and cancer mortality. 982 76

The promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) gene, which encodes a transformation and growth suppressor, was first identified at a chromosomal translocation break point in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. To elucidate if PML may be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the expression of PML was analysed using immunohistochemistry in human HCC and hepatitis tissues. Our studies demonstrated overexpression of PML protein in the PML-oncogenic domain (POD) structure in 50% of HCC (11/22). Enhanced expression and cytoplasmic localisation of PML was associated with cirrhosis. Increased expression of PML was also found in liver abscesses. However, in colon metastasis to the liver, the expression of PML was moderate to low, although strong expression was seen in the surrounding interstitial cells, macrophages and lymphocytes, an indication of the inflammation process associated with tumour growth. Most interestingly, strong expression of PML was found in neoplastic cells at the periphery of the tumours, but progressively decreased in cells at the centre of the tumours, which may be associated with an altered transform phenotype or apoptosis. The altered expression of PML indicates that this nuclear protein may play an important role in cellular response to stress and inflammation, as well as in compensatory cell growth.
 ...
PMID:Altered expression of the growth and transformation suppressor PML gene in human hepatocellular carcinomas and in hepatitis tissues. 984 49

This study was carried out at Nil Ratan Sarkar Medical College, Calcutta from December 1993-95 among 450 patients with hepatic and nonhepatic disorders and 100 normal individuals. The study was conducted to examine the association between serum Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Delta virus (HDV) antigen, and different clinical disorders. Serum was tested for bilirubin and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and detection of HBsAg and HDV antigen. Results showed that the presence of HBsAg was found highest in cirrhosis of liver (42.3%), followed by leukemia (32.1%), hepatitis (29.1%), and jaundice (26%). About 65% of HBsAg positive jaundiced patients had a serum bilirubin level of more than 2mg/dl, with a mean SGPT level of 488iu/l. Only two cases were positive for HDV antigen among 60 HBsAg positive jaundice patients, indicating a lower prevalence rate of infection. It also showed that the mean SGPT level was directly proportional to the serum bilirubin level. Age distribution varied from 19.5% to 23.6% among extreme ages, and only 24.8% among the sexually active group.
 ...
PMID:Hepatitis D infectivity profile among hepatitis B infected hospitalised patients in Calcutta. 1038 22

The 150 male patients exposed to Thorotrast who were confirmed by a 1975-1978 national survey with diagnostic X rays of 50,860 war-wounded soldiers were followed up between 1979 and 1998 (Aichi series or second series). Age-adjusted rate ratios of deaths from all causes were 3.0 times higher in Thorotrast patients compared to controls; this was statistically significant. Rate ratios for liver cancer, liver cirrhosis and leukemia were 35.0, 7.5 and 18.2, respectively.
 ...
PMID:Cancer mortality of thorotrast patients in Japan: the second series updated 1998. 1056 42


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>